Publications
| NEUBrew | UGA/EPA | Brewer | Solar UV and Models |
NEUBrew Publications and Presentations
Disterhoft, P., "EPA-NOAA Brewer UV-ozone network-2 (UVnet2): Overview and current status," NOAA-EPA Brewer Workshop, 2006. [PDF presentation]
Disterhoft, P., P. Kiedron, S. Stierle, "NOAA-EPA UV and Ozone Monitoring Network: NEUBrew," Quadrennial Ozone Symposium, Tromso, Norway, June 29th - July 5th, 2008. [PDF poster]
Disterhoft, P., P. Kiedron, S. Stierle, "New NOAA-EPA UV Network: Characterization, Software and Hardware Issues of MKIV Brewers," 10th Biennial WMO-GAW Brewer Users Group Meeting, Manchester, England, 2007. [PDF poster]
Kiedron, P., J. Michalsky, "On the retrieval of the effective temperature of the ozone profile from ground-based spectroradiometric measurements," Quadrennial Ozone Symposium, Tromso, Norway June 29th - July 5th, 2008. [PDF poster]
Lantz, K., P. Kiedron, I. Petropavlovskikh, "Effects of Clouds and Tropospheric Air," NOAA-EPA Brewer Workshop, Boulder, 2006. [PDF presentation]
Lantz, K, P. Kiedron, I. Petropavlovskikh, P. Disterhoft, S. Stierle, J. Michalsky, J. Slusser, C. Long, "Direct-to-Diffuse UV solar irradiance ratio for a UV rotating shadowband spectrograph (UV-RSS) and a UV multi-filter rotating shadow-band radiometer (UV-MFRSR)," AGU Fall Meeting, December 15-19, San Fransico, 2008. [PDF poster]
Michalsky, J.J. and P. W. Kiedron, "Comparison of UV-RSS spectral measurements and TUV model runs for clear skies for the May 2003 ARM aerosol intensive observation period," Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 1813-1821, 2008. [PDF]
Petropavlovskikh, I, E. Beach, S. Oltmans, R. Evans, G. McConville, P. Disterhoft, K. Lantz, P. Kiedron, K. Miyagawa, M. Stanek, X. Liu, P.K Bhartia, R. McPeters, V. Fioletov, "A51G-0180. Enhanced operational methods in the NOAA Umkehr ground-based network for the future OMPS validation," AGU Fall Meeting, December 15-19, San Fransico, 2008. [PDF poster]
Petropavlovskikh. I., P. Disterhoft, K. Lantz, P. Kiedron, R. Evans, S. Oltmans, L. Flynn, M. DeLand, V. Fioletov, M. Stanek, P.K Bhartia, R. McPeters, J. Herman, A. Cede, N. Krotkov, M Tzortziou, "The short-term and long-term stratospheric and tropospheric ozone variability available from zenith sky measurements," Quadrennial Ozone Symposium, Tromso, Norway June 29th - July 5th, 2008. [PDF poster]
Petropavlovskikh I, R. Evans, K. Miyagawa, G. McConville, S. Oltmans, "Improvement to ozone profiles derived from measurements of the Umkehr effect by correcting for instrumental stray light," Quadrennial Ozone Symposium, Tromso, Norway June 29th - July 5th, 2008. [PDF poster]
Petropavlovskikh, I., V. Fioletov, S. Oltmans, K. Lantz, P. Kiedron and P. Disterhoft, "The short-term and long-term tropospheric ozone variability available from zenith sky measurements," AGU, San Francisco, 2006. [PDF presentation]
Stierle S., Disterhoft P., Kiedron P., "NOAA-EPA Brewer Network Website Diagnostic and Monitoring Tools," 10th Biennial WMO-GAW Brewer Users Group Meeting, Manchester, England, 2007. [PDF poster]
Publications from the first EPA Brewer Network
Kimlin, M. G., J. R. Slusser, K. A. Schallhorn, K. Lantz, and R. S. Meltzer, "Comparison of ultraviolet data from collocated instruments from the U.S. EPA Brewer Spectrophotometer Network and the U.S. Department of Agriculture UV-B Monitoring and Research Program," Opt. Eng. 44, 041009, 2005. [PDF]
Lantz, K. , P. Disterhoft, E. Early, A. Thompson, J. DeLuisi, P. Kiedron, L. Harrison, J. Berndt, W. Mou, T. J. Erhamjian, L. Cabausua, J. Robertson, D. Hayes, J. Slusser, D. Bigelow, G. Janson, A. Beaubian, M. Beaubian, "The 1997 North American Interagency Intercomparison of Ultraviolet Monitoring Spectroradiometers," J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. 107, 19-62, 2002. [PDF]
Sabburg, J., Rives, J.E., Meltzer, R.S., Talyor, T., Schmalzle, Zheng, S., Huang, N., Wilson, A., Udelhofen, P.M., "Comparisons of corrected daily-integrated erythemal UVR data from the U.S. EPA/UGA network of Brewer spectroradiometers with model and TOMS-inferred data," J. Geophys. Res. 107, 4676, doi:10.1029/2001JD001565, 2002. [PDF]
Taylor, T. and M. Kimlin, "Temperature Dependence of a Brewer Spectrophotometer," Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Georgia, Athens, USA, 2002. [PDF]
Weatherhead, E. D. Theisen, A. Stevermer, J. Enagonio, B. Rabinovitch, P. Disterhoft, K. Lantz, R. Meltzer, J. Sabburg, J. DeLuisi, J. Rives and J. Shreffler, "Temperature dependence of the Brewer ultraviolet data," J. Geophys. Res. 106, 13,121-13,129, 2001. [PDF]
Important Publications on Brewer Instruments
Anne Cheymol, Hugo De Backer, Weine Josefsson, and Rená Stübi, "Comparison and validation of the aerosol optical depth obtained with the Langley plot method in the UV-B from Brewer Ozone Spectrophotometer," J. Geophys. Res. 111, D16202, doi:10.1029/2006JD007131, 2006. [PDF]
Cappellani, F. and C. Kochler, "Temperature effects correction in a Brewer MKIV spectrophotometer for solar UV measurements," J. Geophys. Res. 105, 4829-4831, 1999. [PDF]
Cede, A., J. Herman, A. Richter, N. Krotkov, and J. Burrows, "Measurements of nitrogen dioxide total column amounts using a Brewer double spectrophotometer in direct Sun mode," J. Geophys. Res. 111, D05304, doi:10.1029/2005JD006585, 2006. [PDF]
Cede, A.,S. Kazadzis, M. Kowalewski, A. Bais, N. Kouremeti, M. Blumthaler, and J. Herman, "Correction of direct irradiance measurements of Brewer spectrophotometers due to the effect of internal polarization," Geophys. Res. Let. 33, L02806, doi:10.1029/2005GL024860, 2006. [PDF]
Cheymol, A. and H. De Backer, "Retrieval of the aerosol optical depth in the UV-B at Uccle from Brewer ozone measurements over a long time period 1984 thru 2002," J. Geophys. Res. 108, NO. D24, 4800, doi:10.1029/2003JD003758, 2003. [PDF]
Fioletov, V.E., J. B. Kerr, C. T. McElroy, D. I. Wardle, V. Savastiouk, and T. S. Grajnar, "The Brewer reference triad," Geophys. Res. Lett. 32, L20805, doi:10.1029/2005GL024244, 2005. [PDF]
Grobner, J., "Improved entrance optic for global irradiance measurements with a Brewer spectrophotometer," Appl. Opt. 42, 18, 3516-3521, 2003. [PDF]
Grobner, J., D.I. Wardle, C.T. McElroy and J.B. Kerr, "Investigation of the wavelength accuracy of Brewer spectrophotometers," Appl. Opt. 37, 36, 8352-8360, 1998. [PDF]
Grobner, J., R. Vergaz, V. E. Cachorro, D. V. Henriques, K. Lamb, A. Redondas, J. M. Vilaplana, and D. Rembges, "Intercomparison of aerosol optical depth measurements in the UVB using Brewer spectrophotometers and a Li-Cor spectrophotometer," Geophys. Res. Let. 28, 1691-1694, 2001. [PDF]
Johnson , J. E., J. B. Kerr, C. T. McElroy and D. I. Wardle, "Aberration correction in the Brewer spectroradiometer," Radiat. Protect. Dosimetry. 91, 1-3, 133-138, 2000. [PDF]
Kazadzis, S., et al., "Direct spectral measurements with a Brewer spectroradiometer: absolute calibration and aerosol optical depth retrieval," Appl. Opt. 44, 9, 1681-1690, 2005. [PDF]
Kerr, J.B., "New methodology for deriving total ozone and other atmospheric variables from Brewer spectrophotometer direct sun spectra.," J. Geophys. Res., 107, D23, 4731, doi:10.1029/2001JD001227, 2002. [PDF]
Kerr, J.B., and C.T. McElroy, "Total ozone measurement made with the Brewer ozone spectrophotometer during STOIC 1989," J. Geophys. Res. 100, 9225-9230, 1995. [PDF]
Kerr, J.B. and J. M. Davis, "New methodology applied to deriving total ozone and other atmospheric variables from global irradiance spectra," J. Geophys. Res., D21301, doi:10.1029/2007JD008708, 2007. [PDF]
Kimlin M. G., T. Taylor, A. Wilson, R. S. Meltzer, "Techniques for monitoring and maintaining the performance of Brewer MkIV spectrophotometers," Optical Engineering 44(4), 041008, 2005. [PDF]
Marenco, F., A. di Sarra, and J. De Luisi, "Methodology for determining aerosol optical depth from Brewer 300-320-nm ozone measurements," Appl. Opt. 41, 1805-1814, 2002. [PDF]
Meinander, O., W. Josefsson, J. Kaurola, T. Koskela, and K.Lakkala, "Spike detection and correction in Brewer spectroradiometer ultraviolet spectra.," Opt. Eng. 42, 1812-1819, 2003. [PDF]
Savastiouk, V., "Improvements to the direct-sun ozone observations taken with the Brewer spectrophotometer," Thesis (Ph.D.)--York University, Toronto, 2005. [PDF]
Sellitto, P., A. di Sarra and A. M. Siani, "An improved algorithm for the determination of aerosol optical depth in the ultraviolet spectral range from Brewer spectrophotometer observations," J. Opt. A: Pure Appl. Opt. 8, 849-855, 2006. [PDF]
Silva, A. A. and V.W.H.J. Kichhoff, "Aerosol optical thickness from Brewer spectrophotometers and an investigation into the stray light effects," Appl. Opt. 43, 2484-2489, 2004. [PDF]
Weatherhead, E. D. Theisen, A. Stevermer, J. Enagonio, B. Rabinovitch, P. Disterhoft, K. Lantz, R. Meltzer, J. Sabburg, J. DeLuisi, J. Rives, and J. Shreffler, "Temperature dependence of the Brewer ultraviolet data," J. Geophys. Res. 106, 13,121-13,129, 2001. [PDF]
Important Publications Related to Solar UV Measurements and Models
A. Arola, S. Kazadzis, N. Krotkov, A. Bais, J. Grobner, and J. Herman, "Assessment of TOMS UV bias due to absorbing aerosols," J. Geophys. Res,. 110, D23211, doi:10. 1029/2005JD005913, 2005. [PDF]
Ahmad, Z., M.T. DeLand, R.P. Cebula, H. Weiss, Q.g. Planet, J.H. Lienesh, H.D. Bowman, A.J. Miller and R.M. Nagatani, "Accuracy of total ozone retrieval from NOAA SBUV/2 measurements: Impact of instrument performance," J. Geophys. Res. 99, D11, 22,975-22,984, 1994. [PDF]
Arola, A. and T. Koskela, "On the sources of bias in aerosol optical depth retrieval in the UV range," J. Geophys. Res, 109, D08209, doi:10.1029/2003JD004375, 2004. [PDF]
Bais, A.F., S. Kazadzis, K. Garane, N. Kouremeti, J. Gröbner, M. Blumthaler, G. Seckmeyer, A. R. Webb,T. Koskela, P. Görts, and J. Schreder, "Portable device for characterizing the angular response of UV spectroradiometers," Appl. Opt. 44, 7136-7143, 2005. [PDF]
Basher, R.E. and W.A. Matthews, "Problems in the use of interference filters for spectrophotometric determination of total ozone," J. Appl. Metrol. 16, 795-802, 1977. [PDF]
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Bernhard, G., and G. Seckmeyer, "Uncertainty of measurements of spectral solar UV irradaince," J. Geophys. Res. 104, 14,321-14,345, 1999. [PDF]
Bernhard, G., C. R. Booth, and J. C. Ehramjian, "Version 2 data of the National Science Foundation`s Ultraviolet Radiation Monitoring Network: South Pole," J. Geophys. Res. 109, D21207, doi:10.1029/2004JD004937, 2004. [PDF]
Bernhard, G., C.R. Booth, and J.C. Ehramjian, "Supplement to Version 2 data of the National Science Foundation`s Ultraviolet Radiation Monitoring Network: South Pole," J. Geophys. Res. 109, D21207, doi:10.1029/2004JD004937, 2004. [PDF]
Bernhard, G., C.R. Booth, J. C.Ehramjian, R. Stone, and E.G. Dutton, "Ultraviolet and visible radiation at Barrow, Alaska: Climatology and influencing factors on the basis of version 2 National Science Foundation network data," J. Geophys. Res. 112, D09101, doi:10.1029/2006JD007865, 2007. [PDF]
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Bernhard, G., R. D. Evans, G. J. Labow, and S. J. Oltmans, "Bias in Dobson total ozone measurements at high latitudes due to approximations in calculations of ozone absorption coefficients and air mass," J.Geophys. Res. 110, D10305, doi:10.1029/2004JD005559, 2005. [PDF]
Bhartia, P.K., R.D. McPeters, C.L. Mateer, L.E. Flynn and C. Wellemeyer, "Algorithm for the estimate of ozone profiles for backscatter ultraviolet technique," J. Geophys. Res. 101, D13, 18,793-18,806, 1996. [PDF]
Bigelow, D., and J. Slusser, "Establishing the stability of multifilter UV rotating shadow-band radiometers," J. Geophys. Res. 105, 4833-4840, 2000. [PDF]
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De Backer, H. et al., "Comparison of measured and modeled uv indices for the assessment of health risks," Meteorol. Appl., 8, 267-277, 2001. [PDF]
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Early, E.A. and A. Thompson, and P. Disterhoft, "Field calibration unit for ultraviolet spectroradiometers," Appl. Opt. 37, 6664-6670, 1998. [PDF]
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Fioletov, V.E., et al., "UV index climatology over the United States and Canada from ground-based and satellite estimates," J. Geophys. Res. 109, D22308, doi:10.1029/2004JD004820, 2004. [PDF]
Fioletov, V.E., J. B. Kerr, D. I. Wardle, N. Krotkov, and J. R. Herman, "Comparison of Brewer ultraviolet irradiance measurements with total ozone mapping spectrometer satellite retrievals," Opt. Eng. 41, 3051-3061, 2002. [PDF]
Gao, W., J. Slusser, J. Gibson, G. Scott, D. Bigelow, J. Kerr, and B. McArthur, "Direct-Sun column ozone retrieval by the ultraviolet multifilter rotating shadow-band radiometer and comparison with those from Brewer and Dobson spectrophotometers," Appl. Opt. 40, 3149-3155, 2001. [PDF]
Grant R.H., G. M. Heisler, and W. Gao, "A new actinic flux 4 -spectroradiometer: Ultraviolet Sky Radiance Distributions of Translucent Overcast Skies," Theor. Appl. Climatol. 58, 129-139, 1997. [PDF]
Grobner J. and J. B. Kerr, "Ground-based determination of the spectral ultraviolet extraterrestrial solar irradiance: Providing a link between space-based and ground-based solar UV measurements," J. Geophys. Res. 106, D7, 7211-7217, 2001. [PDF]
Grobner, J. and J.B. Kerr, "Ground-dased determination of ultraviolet extraterrestrial solar irradiance: Providing a link between space-based and ground-based solar UV measurements," J. Geophys. Res. 106, D7, 7211-7217, 2001. [PDF]
Grobner, J. and M. Blumthaler, "Experimental determination of the reference plane of shaped diffusers by solar ultraviolet measurements," Opt. Lett. 32, 1, 80-82, 2007. [PDF]
Grobner J., M. Blumthaler, S. Kazadzis, A. Bais, A. Webb, J. Schreder, G. Seckmeyer and D. Rembges, "Quality assurance of spectral solar UV measurements: results from 25UV monitoring sites in Europe, 2002 to 2004," Metrologia 43, S66-S71, 2006. [PDF]
Hahn, J.F., C.T. McElroy, E. W. Hare, W. Steinbrecht and A.I. Carswell, "Intercomparison of Umkehre and differential absorption lidar stratospheric ozone measurements," J. Geophys. Res. 100, D12, 25,899-25,911, 1995. [PDF]
Harrison, L. and J. Michalsky, "Objective Algorithms for the Retrieval of Optical Depths from Ground-Based Measurements," Appl. Opt. 33, 5126-5132, 1994. [PDF]
Harrison, L., J. Berndt, P. Kiedron, and P. Disterhoft, "United States Department of Agriculture reference ultraviolet spectroradiometer: current performance and operational experience at Table Mountain, Colorado," Opt. Eng. 41, 3096-3103, 2002. [PDF]
Huang, L. K., R. P. Cebula and E. Hilsenrath, "New procedure for interpolating NIST FEL lamp Irradiances," Metrologia 35, 381-386, 1998. [PDF]
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Jakel, E., P. N. den Outer, R. B. Tax, P. C. Gorts,and H. A. J. M. Reinen, "Improving solar ultraviolet irradiance measurements byapplying a temperature correction method for Teflon diffusers," Appl. Opt. 46,. 20, 4222-4227, 2007. [PDF]
Jaroslawski. J., J.W. Krzyscin, S. Puchalski, and P. Sobolewski, "On the optical thickness in the UV range: Analysis of the ground-based data taken at Belsk, Poland," J. Geophys. Res. 108, NO. D23, 4722, doi:10.1029/2003JD003571, 2003. [PDF]
Jiang, Y., Y.L. Yung, S.P. Sander and L.D. Travis, "Modeling of atmospheric radiative transfer with polarization and its application to the remote sensing of tropospheric ozone," J. Quant. Spec. and Radiat, 2003. [PDF]
J. Lenoble, T. Martin, M. Blumthaler, R. Philipona, A.d Albold, T.Cabot, A. de La Casiniere, J. Grobner, D. Masserot, M. Muller, T. Pichler, G. Seckmeyer, D. Schmucki,M. Lamine Toure, and A. Yvon, "Retrieval of the ultraviolet aerosol optical depth during a spring campaign in the Bavarian Alps," Appl. Opt. 41, 9, 1629-1639, 2007. [PDF]
Kazadzis S., A. Bais, V. Amiridis, D. Balis, C. Meleti, N. Kouremeti, C. S. Zerefos, S. Rapsomanikis, M. Petrakakis, A. Kelesis, P. Tzoumaka, and K. Kelektsoglou, "Nine years of UV aerosol optical depth measurements at Thessaloniki, Greece," Atmos. Chem. Phys. 7, 2091-2101, 2007. [PDF]
Kerr, J.B., "Understanding the factors that affect surface ultraviolet radiation," Opt. Eng. 44, 4, 041002, 2005. [PDF]
Kiedron, P. et al., "Calibration, data processing, and maintenance of the United States Department of Agriculture high-resolution ultraviolet spectrometers," Opt. Eng. 46, 8, 086201, 2007. [PDF]
Kirchhoff, V. W. J. H., A. A. Silva, and D. K. Pinheiro, "Wavelength dependence of aerosol optical thickness in the UV-B band," Geophys. Res. Lett. 29, NO. 12, 1620, 10.1029/2001GL014141, 2002. [PDF]
Kohler, U, "A comparison of the new filter ozonometer MICROTOPS II with Dobson and Brewer spectrometers at Hohenpeissenberg," Gephys.Res. Lett. 26, 1385-1388, 1999. [PDF]
Krotkov, N., P. K. Bhartia, J. Herman, J. Slusser, G. Labow, A.P. Vasilkov, , T. F. Eck, O. Dubovik, and B, Holben, "Aerosol ultraviolet absorption experiment (2002 to 2004), part 2: absorption optical thickness, refractive index, and single," Opt. Eng. 44, 041005, 2005. [PDF]
Krotkov, N., P. K. Bhartia, J. Herman, J. Slusser, G. Labow, G. Scott, G. Janson, T. F. Eck, and B, Holben, "Aerosol ultraviolet absorption experiment (2002 to 2004), part 1: ultraviolet multifilter rotating shadowband radiometer calibration and intercomparison with CIMEL sunphotometers," Opt. Eng. 44, 041004, 2005. [PDF]
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Lantz, K. O. P. Disterhoft, J. J. DeLuisi, E. Early, A. Thompson, D. Bigelow, and J. Slusser, "Methodology for Deriving Clear-Sky Erythemal Calibration Factors for UV Broadband Radiometers of the U.S. Central UV Calibration Facility," J . Atmos. and Ocean. Tech. 16, 1736-1752, 1999. [PDF]
Lantz, K. , P. Disterhoft, E. Early, A. Thompson, J. DeLuisi, P. Kiedron, L. Harrison, J. Berndt, W. Mou, T. J. Erhamjian, L. Cabausua, J. Robertson, D. Hayes, J. Slusser, D. Bigelow, G. Janson, A. Beaubian, M. Beaubian, "The 1997 North American Interagency Intercomparison of Ultraviolet Monitoring Spectroradiometers," J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. 107, 19-62, 2002. [PDF]
Lantz K., P. Disterhoft, J. Slusser, W. Gao, J. Berndt,G. Bernhard, S. Bloms, R. Booth, J. Ehramjian, L. Harrison, G. Janson, P. Johnston, P. Kiedron, R. McKenzie, M. Kimlin, P. Neale, M. O'Neill, V. Quang, G. Seckmeyer, T. Taylor, S. Wuttke, J. Michalsky, "2003 North American interagency intercomparison of ultraviolet spectroradiometers: scanning and spectrograph instruments," Journal of Applied Remote Sensing, Vol. 2, 023547, 2008. [PDF]
Livingston, J.M., et al., "Retrieval of ozone column from airborne Sun photometer measurement during SOLVE II: comparison with coincident satellite and aircraft measurements," Atmos. Chem. Phys., 5, 2035-2054, 2005. [PDF]
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Martin, T.J., B.G. Gardiner, and G. Seckmeyer, "Uncertainties in satellite-derived estimates of surface UV doses," J. Geophys. Res. 105, 27,005-27,0011, 2000. [PDF]
Mateer, C.L., H.U. Dutsch, J. Staehelin and J.J. DeLuisi, "Influence of a priori profiles on trend calculations from Umkehr data," J. Geophys. Res. 101, D11, 16.779-16,787, 1996. [PDF]
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McKenzie, R.L., G. Seckmeyer, A.F. Bais, J.B. Kerr, and S. Madronich, "Satellite retrievals of erythemal UV dose compared with ground based measurements at northern and southern midlatitudes," J. Geophys. Res. 106, 25,051-24,0062, 2001. [PDF]
Meloni,D., A. di Sarra, J. R. Herman, F. Monteleone, and S. Piacentino, "Comparison of ground-based and Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer erythemal UV doses at the island of Lampedusa in the period 1998 - 2003: Role of tropospheric aerosols," J. Geophys. Res. 110, D01202,doi: 10. 1029/2004JD005283, 2005. [PDF]
Michalsky, J.J. and P. W. Kiedron, "Comparison of UV-RSS spectral measurements and TUV model runs for clear skies for the May 2003 ARM aerosol intensive observation period," Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 1813-1821, 2008. [PDF]
Miller, A.J., et al., "Comparison of observed ozone trends in the stratosphere through examination of Umkehr and balloon ozonesonde data," J. Geophys. Res. 100, D6, 11,209-11,217, 1995. [PDF]
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Petropavlovskikh, I., C. Ahn, P. K. Bhartia, and L. E. Flynn, "Comparison and covalidation of ozone anomalies and variability observed in SBUV(/2) and Umkehr northern midlatitude ozone profile estimates," Geophys. Res. Lett. 32, L06805, doi:10.1029/2004GL022002, 2005. [PDF]
Petropavlovskikh,I., P. K. Bhartia, and J. DeLuisi, "New Umkehr ozone profile retrieval algorithm optimized for climatological studies," Geophys. Res. Lett. 32, L16808, doi:10.1029/2005GL023323, 2005. [PDF]
Petropavlovskikh, I. R. Loughman, J. DeLUisi and B. Hermann, "A comparison of UV intensities calculated by spherical atmosphere radiation codes: Application to the aerosol corrections," J. Geophys. Res. 105, D111, 14,737-14,746, 2000. [PDF]
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