CONTINUOUS AIRBORNE MEASUREMENTS OF CARBON DIOXIDE FLUXES AND MIXING RATIOS AND CARBON MONOXIDE ...
Description:
Results
of airborne CO2 and CO observations from the NSF/NCAR C-130 platform
during the Gulf
of Tehuantepec Experiment
(GOTEX 2004) and the Airborne component of the Carbon in the Mountains
Experiment (ACME 2004) will be
presented. A modified commercial vacuum ultraviolet fluorescence instrument
monitored CO mixing ratios. CO measurements were used to help identify air
masses recently influenced by combustion emissions. CO2 mixing
ratios were measured using a pressure- and temperature-controlled LI-COR 6252
analyzer. Control of time response
allowed operation of the CO2 instrument in two modes for application
to either low altitude eddy covariance or higher altitude mixing ratio
measurements. Performance will be assessed, including accuracy estimates
derived from intercomparison activities.
Author's Names: Campos, T., S. Shertz, S. Hall, B. Stephens, and L. Husted
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Added on: 27-Jul-2005 Downloads: 22
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CONTROLS ON THE OCEANIC CO2 SINK NEAR THE CROZET PLATEAU IN THE SOUTHERN INDIAN OCEAN...
Description: The CROZEX cruises (November 2004 to January 2005) had the objective to
test whether natural iron fertilisation from the Crozet plateau promotes algal
blooms. Results from the cruises show that algal blooms created an oceanic CO2
sink downstream of the Crozet plateau. Vertical advection of water into the
mixed layer occurred close to two islands on the plateau. Data from 18 cruises
between 1991 and 2002 are used to quantify the seasonal variability of surface
pCO2 and CO2 air-sea exchange in the region.
Author's Names: D.C.E. Bakker, M.C. Nielsdottír, J.T. Allen, et al
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Added on: 25-Jul-2005 Downloads: 28
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DAILY EUROPEAN CO2 SOURCES AND SINKS INFERRED BY INVERSION OF ATMOSPHERIC TRANSPORT
Description:
We present a synthesis
Bayesian inverse method to optimize one year of daily fluxes at model
resolution (50x50 km over Europe) by inversion of continuous CO2
measurements, daily averaged over Europe (10 sites). Based on a synthetic data
analysis, we studied the impact of three different spatial and temporal
correlations on flux errors. We found that the present network is too sparse to
efficiently constrain European fluxes at model resolution even with the
assumption of perfect transport. However, the agreement between the optimized
fluxes and the true fluxes is improved when aggregated in space and time,
mainly for 8-10 days fluxes over Western Europe.
This region is indeed surrounded by our network. The spatial correlation scheme
used was found to have a negligible impact on this agreement. Adding a white
noise on pseudo-data to simulate transport model errors largely degrades the
agreement. Using real data, European flux variations becomes unreasonably large
due to the inability of our transport model to properly represent the CO2
concentrations at continental sites.
Author's Names: C. Carouge, P. Bousquet, P. Peylin, P. Ciais and P.J. Rayner
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Added on: 27-Jul-2005 Downloads: 19
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DECADAL CHANGES IN INORGANIC CARBON IN THE ATLANTIC OCEAN
Description:
Changes in dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and
apparent oxygen utilization (AOU) in the water column are quantified for
meridional hydrographic sections through the Atlantic
from 63 ˚N to 60 ˚S between 1988/1993 and 2003/2005. Changes are most pronounced in the upper 1000
m water column. DIC changes range from
-5 to 40 µmol/kg and AOU changes by a similar amount. The remainder is caused by changes in
positions of fronts, gyres, remineralization and ventilation as manifested by
changes in watermass properties. In
particular AOU increases of similar magnitude as increases in DIC point towards
a significant contribution of oxidation of organic matter to the DIC
increase. The large changes in
biogeochemical properties of the upper water column of the Atlantic
have been one of the big surprises in the decadal reoccupation of the
transects.
Author's Names: R. Wanninkhof, S. Doney, C. Langdon, J. L. Bullister, et al
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Added on: 08-Aug-2005 Downloads: 19
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DECADAL CHANGES IN OCEAN CARBON UPTAKE
Description:
There
is growing evidence that the rate of anthropogenic CO2 uptake in the
ocean is changing over time. Several programs are poised to assess current and
future ocean CO2 uptake rates, but there are issues with how to
extrapolate these measurements to decadal-scale changes over entire ocean
basins. One possibility is to exploit the growing network of ARGO floats that
are collecting profiles throughout the global oceans. We explore the viability
of this approach and make recommendations for how the ARGO network might be
made more useful for biogeochemical applications.
Author's Names: C.L. Sabine, R.A. Feely, G.C. Johnson, R. Wanninkhof, et al
Filesize: 25.55 Kb
Added on: 04-Aug-2005 Downloads: 193
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DECADAL CHANGES OF THE CO2-SYSTEM PROPERTIES IN THE SUBTROPICAL SOUTH ATLANTIC: RESULTS FROM ...
Description:
Using high-quality data
for the CO2-system and related properties obtained 10-year apart, we
estimated decadal increases of anthropogenic CO2 along the A10
section of the World Ocean Circulation Experiment (WOCE) Hydrographic Program
(WHP). Increases of anthropogenic CO2 were found down to an
isopycnal surface of 27.3σθ (approx. 1000 dbar). In the
sub-Antarctic Mode Water (SAMW), the increase was 6.9 ± 2.0 μmol kg-1
on average, while in the Antarctic Intermediate Water (AAIW), it was 4.2 ± 1.9 μmol
kg-1. The increase in SAMW was larger in the west than that in the
east of the section. No significant increases were detected in North Atlantic
Deep Water (NADW) and Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW).
Author's Names: A. Murata, Y. Kumamoto, M. Aoyama, K. Sasaki, et al
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Added on: 03-Aug-2005 Downloads: 21
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DECADAL RISING OF OCEAN SURFACE CO2 IN THE SOUTHERN INDIAN OCEAN (20°S-60°S).
Description:
The decadal
variability of air-sea CO2 fluxes is poorly known in the southern
hemisphere. To evaluate the changes or stability of these fluxes over several
years, we compare seasonal observations obtained in 1991 and 2000 the Southern Indian Ocean. For summer and winter, we observed
a significant increase of ocean fugacity (fCO2) in subtropical
waters (20°-35°S), about the same rate as in the atmosphere. In polar waters
south of 40°S where meso-scale biological activity is high in summer, the
rising of oceanic fCO2 is only well detected when comparing austral
winter data. The decadal evolution of fCO2 observed in the cold
waters certainly results from anthropogenic CO2 emissions, but is
also probably modulated by variations of primary production.
Author's Names: N.Metzl, C.Brunet, C.Lo Monaco, and A. Poisson
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DETERMINING CO2 FLUX COMPONENTS IN THE DENVER URBAN ECOSYSTEM
Description: Within urban ecosystems are strong anthropogenic
emissions of CO2 as well as significant CO2 sinks
associated with vegetation. CO2 profiles and net flux of CO2
(NEE) over Denver
was measured over a multi-year period and compared with certain component
fluxes (soil surface net flux, and emissions from fossil fuel combustion). CO2
concentration and NEE typically exhibits a diurnal trend, apparently due to
emissions from transportation and sequestration by vegetation.
Author's Names: D. E. Anderson and T. Thienelt
Filesize: 22.21 Kb
Added on: 25-Jul-2005 Downloads: 37
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DIFFERENCES BETWEEN RESULTS OF LONG-TERM SPECTROSCOPIC MEASUREMENTS OF COLUMN ATMOSPHERIC CO2 AT ...
Description:
The measurement results of
CO2 average concentration obtained in the atmospheric column at the Issyk-Kul station (IK) (42.60N, 77.00E,
1650 m a.s.l.) in 1980-2004. A comparison was made with the MBL data (for the
IK latitude) presenting mean zonal CO2 concentrations reduced to the
sea level and with the measurement results of CO2 concentrations
obtained at KZD (44.450N, 77.570E, 412 m a.s.l) and KZM
(43.250N, 77.880E, 2519 m) sites. The IK station is about
100 km distant from KZM and 220 km distant from KZD.
Author's Names: V. Semenov, P. Tans, V. Sinyakov, F. Kashin, et al
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Added on: 04-Aug-2005 Downloads: 17
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EARTH SYSTEM RESPONSE TO GLOBAL WARMING INFERRED BY SIMULATION USING A ONE-DIMENSIONAL ENERGY ...
Description: The coupled feedback processes of energy
and carbon cycles are an essential mechanism for understanding global
environmental change. We developed a simplified one-dimensional
carbon and energy cycle coupled model to quantify the feedback processes between
energy and carbon cycles. The model was calibrated
to reproduce the historical variations in temperature and
atmospheric CO2 concentration. The model results of vertical ocean
temperature profiles, and latitudinal NPP and NEP
distributions were in good agreement with the observation data and terrestrial
biosphere model results. The regional difference of terrestrial ecosystem response by
climate feedback appeared in the middle and high latitudes. The north-south distribution
is important to investigate the terrestrial ecosystem because the opposite
response appeared in the middle and high latitude. The future change of carbon
cycle and climate was also simulated up to the year 2100 based on the IPCC
scenario. The atmospheric CO2 concentration reaches 735 ppmv in 2100
and global average temperature increases 1.9 K for 2000-2100.
Author's Names: K. Murakami, T.Sasai, K.Ichii, and Y.Yamaguchi
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