How do flux estimates from CarbonTracker CT2022 compare with previous releases?
The tables below summarize the estimated surface fluxes for combined natural sources and fossil fuel burning from the current CarbonTracker release (CT2022) and the previous releases (CT2019B, CT2017, CT2016, CT2015, CT2013B, CT2013, CT2011_oi, CT2010, CT2009, CT2008, and CT2007B). The uncertainty in the estimates is the one standard deviation from the filter estimate. Units are PgC yr-1 (1015 gC yr-1, or billion metric ton C yr-1, or 3.7 billion metric ton CO2 yr-1). Note that 2000 is excluded from long-term means as we consider it a "spin-up" year for our analysis.
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CT2022 vs. CT2019B
- Natural Flux
- Fossil fuel Flux
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CT2022 vs. CT2017
CT2022 vs. CT2016
CT2022 vs. CT2015
CT2022 vs. CT2013B
CT2022 vs. CT2013
CT2022 vs. CT2011_oi
CT2022 vs. CT2010
CT2022 vs. CT2009
CT2022 vs. CT2008
CT2022 vs. CT2007B
CT2019B vs. CT2017
CT2019B vs. CT2016
CT2019B vs. CT2015
CT2019B vs. CT2013B
CT2019B vs. CT2013
CT2019B vs. CT2011_oi
CT2019B vs. CT2010
CT2019B vs. CT2009
CT2019B vs. CT2008
CT2019B vs. CT2007B
CT2017 vs. CT2016
CT2017 vs. CT2015
CT2017 vs. CT2013B
CT2017 vs. CT2013
CT2017 vs. CT2011_oi
CT2017 vs. CT2010
CT2017 vs. CT2009
CT2017 vs. CT2008
CT2017 vs. CT2007B
CT2016 vs. CT2015
CT2016 vs. CT2013B
CT2016 vs. CT2013
CT2016 vs. CT2011_oi
CT2016 vs. CT2010
CT2016 vs. CT2009
CT2016 vs. CT2008
CT2016 vs. CT2007B
CT2015 vs. CT2013B
CT2015 vs. CT2013
CT2015 vs. CT2011_oi
CT2015 vs. CT2010
CT2015 vs. CT2009
CT2015 vs. CT2008
CT2015 vs. CT2007B
CT2013 vs. CT2013B
CT2013B vs. CT2011_oi
CT2013B vs. CT2010
CT2013B vs. CT2009
CT2013B vs. CT2008
CT2013B vs. CT2007B
CT2013 vs. CT2011_oi
CT2013 vs. CT2010
CT2013 vs. CT2009
CT2013 vs. CT2008
CT2013 vs. CT2007B
CT2011_oi vs. CT2010
CT2011_oi vs. CT2009
CT2011_oi vs. CT2008
CT2011_oi vs. CT2007B
CT2010 vs. CT2009
CT2010 vs. CT2008
CT2010 vs. CT2007B
CT2009 vs. CT2008
CT2009 vs. CT2007B
CT2008 vs. CT2007B
Table 1: Long-term mean natural flux (biosphere + ocean + fire) from CT2022 compared to CT2019B, including average fluxes computed over common time periods. The uncertainty listed is the one standard deviation level from the ensemble Kalman filter estimate. Units are PgC yr-1.
| 2001-2020 | 2001-2018 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Transcom region | CT2022 | CT2022 | CT2019B |
| North American Boreal | -0.25 ± 0.27 | -0.26 ± 0.27 | -0.24 ± 0.28 |
| North American Temperate | -0.41 ± 0.26 | -0.39 ± 0.26 | -0.34 ± 0.28 |
| South American Tropical | 0.24 ± 0.44 | 0.22 ± 0.44 | 0.25 ± 0.53 |
| South American Temperate | -0.03 ± 0.37 | -0.05 ± 0.37 | -0.05 ± 0.37 |
| Northern Africa | -0.14 ± 0.35 | -0.14 ± 0.35 | -0.16 ± 0.35 |
| Southern Africa | 0.33 ± 0.24 | 0.32 ± 0.25 | 0.28 ± 0.29 |
| Eurasia Boreal | -0.68 ± 0.72 | -0.67 ± 0.68 | -0.71 ± 0.80 |
| Eurasia Temperate | -0.21 ± 0.46 | -0.22 ± 0.47 | -0.54 ± 0.50 |
| Tropical Asia | 0.19 ± 0.14 | 0.19 ± 0.14 | 0.21 ± 0.14 |
| Australia | 0.02 ± 0.10 | 0.02 ± 0.10 | 0.03 ± 0.10 |
| Europe | -0.05 ± 0.62 | -0.04 ± 0.60 | -0.06 ± 0.60 |
| North Pacific Temperate | -0.68 ± 0.63 | -0.68 ± 0.62 | -0.68 ± 0.61 |
| West Pacific Tropical | -0.02 ± 0.09 | -0.01 ± 0.08 | -0.01 ± 0.09 |
| East Pacific Tropical | 0.48 ± 0.43 | 0.49 ± 0.43 | 0.37 ± 0.42 |
| South Pacific Temperate | -0.46 ± 0.35 | -0.46 ± 0.35 | -0.54 ± 0.37 |
| Northern Ocean | -0.46 ± 0.37 | -0.47 ± 0.37 | -0.42 ± 0.34 |
| North Atlantic Temperate | -0.45 ± 0.46 | -0.44 ± 0.45 | -0.33 ± 0.40 |
| Atlantic Tropical | 0.08 ± 0.20 | 0.08 ± 0.20 | 0.06 ± 0.17 |
| South Atlantic Temperate | -0.49 ± 0.24 | -0.49 ± 0.24 | -0.47 ± 0.26 |
| Southern Ocean | -0.51 ± 0.42 | -0.48 ± 0.41 | -0.55 ± 0.39 |
| Indian Tropical | 0.06 ± 0.21 | 0.07 ± 0.21 | 0.05 ± 0.18 |
| South Indian Temperate | -0.61 ± 0.33 | -0.60 ± 0.33 | -0.46 ± 0.31 |
| Not optimized | -0.00 ± 0.00 | -0.00 ± 0.00 | -0.00 ± 0.00 |
| 2001-2020 | 2001-2018 | ||
| Aggregated Transcom region | CT2022 | CT2022 | CT2019B |
| Northern Land | -1.60 ± 1.11 | -1.58 ± 1.08 | -1.89 ± 1.18 |
| Northern Oceans | -1.59 ± 0.87 | -1.59 ± 0.86 | -1.43 ± 0.82 |
| Northern | -3.19 ± 1.42 | -3.17 ± 1.38 | -3.32 ± 1.44 |
| Tropical Land | 0.29 ± 0.62 | 0.26 ± 0.62 | 0.30 ± 0.69 |
| Tropical Ocean | 0.61 ± 0.50 | 0.63 ± 0.51 | 0.47 ± 0.49 |
| Tropical | 0.90 ± 0.80 | 0.89 ± 0.81 | 0.77 ± 0.85 |
| Southern Land | 0.32 ± 0.50 | 0.29 ± 0.51 | 0.26 ± 0.53 |
| Ocean in South | -2.07 ± 0.69 | -2.02 ± 0.68 | -2.01 ± 0.67 |
| Southern | -1.75 ± 0.86 | -1.73 ± 0.86 | -1.75 ± 0.87 |
| Americas | -0.45 ± 0.70 | -0.48 ± 0.71 | -0.37 ± 0.83 |
| Atlantic and Arctic | -1.32 ± 0.67 | -1.32 ± 0.66 | -1.15 ± 0.60 |
| Eurasia and Africa | 0.14 ± 0.76 | 0.13 ± 0.74 | 0.05 ± 0.78 |
| Indian Ocean | -0.55 ± 0.39 | -0.53 ± 0.39 | -0.41 ± 0.36 |
| Asia | -0.68 ± 0.87 | -0.69 ± 0.84 | -1.02 ± 0.96 |
| Pacific Ocean | -0.68 ± 0.82 | -0.66 ± 0.82 | -0.86 ± 0.79 |
| All Land | -0.99 ± 1.45 | -1.03 ± 1.43 | -1.34 ± 1.62 |
| All Ocean | -3.06 ± 1.25 | -2.98 ± 1.23 | -2.97 ± 1.14 |
| Global | -4.05 ± 1.92 | -4.01 ± 1.89 | -4.31 ± 1.96 |
| North America | -0.66 ± 0.38 | -0.64 ± 0.38 | -0.57 ± 0.40 |
| Extratropical Eurasia | -0.94 ± 1.05 | -0.94 ± 1.01 | -1.32 ± 1.12 |
| Temperate Northern Ocean | -1.13 ± 0.77 | -1.12 ± 0.76 | -1.01 ± 0.72 |
| Temperate Southern Ocean | -1.56 ± 0.56 | -1.55 ± 0.56 | -1.46 ± 0.58 |
| Tropical and Southern Land | 0.61 ± 0.86 | 0.55 ± 0.88 | 0.56 ± 1.03 |
| Tropical Pacific | 0.47 ± 0.43 | 0.47 ± 0.43 | 0.36 ± 0.43 |
| Temperate Oceans | -2.69 ± 0.96 | -2.66 ± 0.94 | -2.48 ± 0.89 |
| High Latitude Oceans | -0.98 ± 0.57 | -0.95 ± 0.56 | -0.97 ± 0.53 |
| Extratropical Oceans | -3.67 ± 1.15 | -3.61 ± 1.13 | -3.44 ± 1.05 |
| Tropical and Southern Oceans | -1.46 ± 0.85 | -1.40 ± 0.84 | -1.54 ± 0.85 |
| Northern Boreal Land | -0.93 ± 0.77 | -0.93 ± 0.74 | -0.95 ± 0.85 |
| Northern Temperate Land | -0.67 ± 0.83 | -0.65 ± 0.82 | -0.95 ± 0.84 |
| Tropical land minus northern land | 1.89 ± 1.27 | 1.84 ± 1.24 | 2.19 ± 1.35 |
| High North Ocean and Boreal Land | -1.39 ± 0.87 | -1.40 ± 0.84 | -1.36 ± 0.93 |
| Northern Temperate Land and Ocean | -1.80 ± 1.14 | -1.76 ± 1.12 | -1.96 ± 1.11 |
| Southern Temperate Land and Ocean | -1.24 ± 0.75 | -1.26 ± 0.76 | -1.21 ± 0.80 |
| Tropical and Southern Land and Ocean | -0.85 ± 1.22 | -0.85 ± 1.23 | -0.99 ± 1.34 |
| Tropics and south minus north | 2.34 ± 1.84 | 2.32 ± 1.82 | 2.34 ± 1.98 |
| Tropical and southern land minus northern land | 2.21 ± 1.39 | 2.13 ± 1.37 | 2.45 ± 1.53 |
Table 2: Long-term mean fossil fuel emissions used in CT2022 compared to CT2019B, including average fluxes computed over common time periods..
Table 3: Long-term mean natural flux (biosphere + ocean + fire) from CT2022 compared to CT2017, including average fluxes computed over common time periods. The uncertainty listed is the one standard deviation level from the ensemble Kalman filter estimate. Units are PgC yr-1.
| 2001-2020 | 2001-2016 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Transcom region | CT2022 | CT2022 | CT2017 |
| North American Boreal | -0.25 ± 0.27 | -0.26 ± 0.27 | -0.21 ± 0.83 |
| North American Temperate | -0.41 ± 0.26 | -0.38 ± 0.25 | -0.30 ± 0.56 |
| South American Tropical | 0.24 ± 0.44 | 0.22 ± 0.45 | 0.28 ± 1.44 |
| South American Temperate | -0.03 ± 0.37 | -0.06 ± 0.38 | -0.07 ± 1.06 |
| Northern Africa | -0.14 ± 0.35 | -0.14 ± 0.35 | -0.20 ± 1.13 |
| Southern Africa | 0.33 ± 0.24 | 0.32 ± 0.25 | 0.06 ± 0.68 |
| Eurasia Boreal | -0.68 ± 0.72 | -0.70 ± 0.69 | -0.80 ± 2.27 |
| Eurasia Temperate | -0.21 ± 0.46 | -0.21 ± 0.47 | -0.68 ± 1.78 |
| Tropical Asia | 0.19 ± 0.14 | 0.20 ± 0.13 | 0.12 ± 0.45 |
| Australia | 0.02 ± 0.10 | 0.02 ± 0.11 | 0.06 ± 0.33 |
| Europe | -0.05 ± 0.62 | -0.03 ± 0.60 | 0.06 ± 2.02 |
| North Pacific Temperate | -0.68 ± 0.63 | -0.65 ± 0.60 | -0.52 ± 0.41 |
| West Pacific Tropical | -0.02 ± 0.09 | -0.00 ± 0.08 | -0.00 ± 0.08 |
| East Pacific Tropical | 0.48 ± 0.43 | 0.50 ± 0.44 | 0.36 ± 0.43 |
| South Pacific Temperate | -0.46 ± 0.35 | -0.44 ± 0.35 | -0.47 ± 0.34 |
| Northern Ocean | -0.46 ± 0.37 | -0.48 ± 0.37 | -0.40 ± 0.27 |
| North Atlantic Temperate | -0.45 ± 0.46 | -0.43 ± 0.45 | -0.29 ± 0.32 |
| Atlantic Tropical | 0.08 ± 0.20 | 0.09 ± 0.21 | 0.10 ± 0.15 |
| South Atlantic Temperate | -0.49 ± 0.24 | -0.49 ± 0.24 | -0.42 ± 0.22 |
| Southern Ocean | -0.51 ± 0.42 | -0.46 ± 0.40 | -0.50 ± 0.29 |
| Indian Tropical | 0.06 ± 0.21 | 0.07 ± 0.21 | 0.10 ± 0.18 |
| South Indian Temperate | -0.61 ± 0.33 | -0.58 ± 0.32 | -0.40 ± 0.25 |
| Not optimized | -0.00 ± 0.00 | -0.00 ± 0.00 | -0.00 ± 0.00 |
| 2001-2020 | 2001-2016 | ||
| Aggregated Transcom region | CT2022 | CT2022 | CT2017 |
| Northern Land | -1.60 ± 1.11 | -1.57 ± 1.09 | -1.93 ± 3.72 |
| Northern Oceans | -1.59 ± 0.87 | -1.56 ± 0.84 | -1.21 ± 0.59 |
| Northern | -3.19 ± 1.42 | -3.13 ± 1.38 | -3.14 ± 3.76 |
| Tropical Land | 0.29 ± 0.62 | 0.27 ± 0.64 | 0.20 ± 1.90 |
| Tropical Ocean | 0.61 ± 0.50 | 0.66 ± 0.52 | 0.55 ± 0.47 |
| Tropical | 0.90 ± 0.80 | 0.93 ± 0.82 | 0.75 ± 1.94 |
| Southern Land | 0.32 ± 0.50 | 0.29 ± 0.51 | 0.05 ± 1.35 |
| Ocean in South | -2.07 ± 0.69 | -1.97 ± 0.68 | -1.80 ± 0.66 |
| Southern | -1.75 ± 0.86 | -1.68 ± 0.85 | -1.75 ± 1.50 |
| Americas | -0.45 ± 0.70 | -0.48 ± 0.73 | -0.30 ± 2.13 |
| Atlantic and Arctic | -1.32 ± 0.67 | -1.31 ± 0.66 | -1.02 ± 0.49 |
| Eurasia and Africa | 0.14 ± 0.76 | 0.15 ± 0.75 | -0.08 ± 2.42 |
| Indian Ocean | -0.55 ± 0.39 | -0.51 ± 0.39 | -0.30 ± 0.30 |
| Asia | -0.68 ± 0.87 | -0.69 ± 0.85 | -1.29 ± 2.97 |
| Pacific Ocean | -0.68 ± 0.82 | -0.59 ± 0.81 | -0.63 ± 0.67 |
| All Land | -0.99 ± 1.45 | -1.01 ± 1.46 | -1.68 ± 4.47 |
| All Ocean | -3.06 ± 1.25 | -2.87 ± 1.20 | -2.46 ± 1.03 |
| Global | -4.05 ± 1.92 | -3.88 ± 1.89 | -4.14 ± 4.57 |
| North America | -0.66 ± 0.38 | -0.64 ± 0.39 | -0.51 ± 1.01 |
| Extratropical Eurasia | -0.94 ± 1.05 | -0.94 ± 1.02 | -1.42 ± 3.57 |
| Temperate Northern Ocean | -1.13 ± 0.77 | -1.08 ± 0.73 | -0.81 ± 0.51 |
| Temperate Southern Ocean | -1.56 ± 0.56 | -1.51 ± 0.55 | -1.30 ± 0.56 |
| Tropical and Southern Land | 0.61 ± 0.86 | 0.56 ± 0.90 | 0.25 ± 2.46 |
| Tropical Pacific | 0.47 ± 0.43 | 0.50 ± 0.45 | 0.36 ± 0.44 |
| Temperate Oceans | -2.69 ± 0.96 | -2.58 ± 0.92 | -2.11 ± 0.74 |
| High Latitude Oceans | -0.98 ± 0.57 | -0.94 ± 0.56 | -0.90 ± 0.39 |
| Extratropical Oceans | -3.67 ± 1.15 | -3.52 ± 1.10 | -3.01 ± 0.86 |
| Tropical and Southern Oceans | -1.46 ± 0.85 | -1.31 ± 0.84 | -1.25 ± 0.90 |
| Northern Boreal Land | -0.93 ± 0.77 | -0.96 ± 0.75 | -1.01 ± 2.44 |
| Northern Temperate Land | -0.67 ± 0.83 | -0.62 ± 0.82 | -0.92 ± 2.76 |
| Tropical land minus northern land | 1.89 ± 1.27 | 1.85 ± 1.25 | 2.14 ± 4.18 |
| High North Ocean and Boreal Land | -1.39 ± 0.87 | -1.44 ± 0.85 | -1.41 ± 2.46 |
| Northern Temperate Land and Ocean | -1.80 ± 1.14 | -1.69 ± 1.10 | -1.73 ± 2.81 |
| Southern Temperate Land and Ocean | -1.24 ± 0.75 | -1.22 ± 0.76 | -1.25 ± 1.46 |
| Tropical and Southern Land and Ocean | -0.85 ± 1.22 | -0.75 ± 1.24 | -1.00 ± 2.60 |
| Tropics and south minus north | 2.34 ± 1.84 | 2.38 ± 1.83 | 2.14 ± 4.62 |
| Tropical and southern land minus northern land | 2.21 ± 1.39 | 2.14 ± 1.38 | 2.19 ± 4.47 |
Table 4: Long-term mean fossil fuel emissions used in CT2022 compared to CT2017, including average fluxes computed over common time periods..
Table 5: Long-term mean natural flux (biosphere + ocean + fire) from CT2022 compared to CT2016, including average fluxes computed over common time periods. The uncertainty listed is the one standard deviation level from the ensemble Kalman filter estimate. Units are PgC yr-1.
| 2001-2020 | 2001-2015 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Transcom region | CT2022 | CT2022 | CT2016 |
| North American Boreal | -0.25 ± 0.27 | -0.26 ± 0.28 | -0.14 ± 0.87 |
| North American Temperate | -0.41 ± 0.26 | -0.38 ± 0.26 | -0.35 ± 0.90 |
| South American Tropical | 0.24 ± 0.44 | 0.19 ± 0.46 | 0.17 ± 1.61 |
| South American Temperate | -0.03 ± 0.37 | -0.06 ± 0.38 | -0.11 ± 0.86 |
| Northern Africa | -0.14 ± 0.35 | -0.16 ± 0.35 | -0.19 ± 1.32 |
| Southern Africa | 0.33 ± 0.24 | 0.32 ± 0.25 | 0.11 ± 0.64 |
| Eurasia Boreal | -0.68 ± 0.72 | -0.70 ± 0.70 | -1.00 ± 4.23 |
| Eurasia Temperate | -0.21 ± 0.46 | -0.21 ± 0.47 | -0.43 ± 1.61 |
| Tropical Asia | 0.19 ± 0.14 | 0.20 ± 0.13 | 0.09 ± 0.68 |
| Australia | 0.02 ± 0.10 | 0.02 ± 0.11 | 0.12 ± 0.25 |
| Europe | -0.05 ± 0.62 | -0.05 ± 0.60 | 0.10 ± 2.30 |
| North Pacific Temperate | -0.68 ± 0.63 | -0.65 ± 0.60 | -0.55 ± 0.51 |
| West Pacific Tropical | -0.02 ± 0.09 | -0.01 ± 0.08 | -0.01 ± 0.10 |
| East Pacific Tropical | 0.48 ± 0.43 | 0.50 ± 0.44 | 0.43 ± 0.42 |
| South Pacific Temperate | -0.46 ± 0.35 | -0.43 ± 0.35 | -0.47 ± 0.43 |
| Northern Ocean | -0.46 ± 0.37 | -0.46 ± 0.36 | -0.27 ± 0.27 |
| North Atlantic Temperate | -0.45 ± 0.46 | -0.40 ± 0.44 | -0.27 ± 0.34 |
| Atlantic Tropical | 0.08 ± 0.20 | 0.09 ± 0.21 | 0.10 ± 0.13 |
| South Atlantic Temperate | -0.49 ± 0.24 | -0.50 ± 0.24 | -0.38 ± 0.27 |
| Southern Ocean | -0.51 ± 0.42 | -0.44 ± 0.39 | -0.43 ± 0.33 |
| Indian Tropical | 0.06 ± 0.21 | 0.08 ± 0.22 | 0.12 ± 0.19 |
| South Indian Temperate | -0.61 ± 0.33 | -0.59 ± 0.32 | -0.62 ± 0.45 |
| Not optimized | -0.00 ± 0.00 | -0.00 ± 0.00 | -0.00 ± 0.00 |
| 2001-2020 | 2001-2015 | ||
| Aggregated Transcom region | CT2022 | CT2022 | CT2016 |
| Northern Land | -1.60 ± 1.11 | -1.60 ± 1.09 | -1.83 ± 5.27 |
| Northern Oceans | -1.59 ± 0.87 | -1.51 ± 0.83 | -1.10 ± 0.68 |
| Northern | -3.19 ± 1.42 | -3.11 ± 1.37 | -2.93 ± 5.32 |
| Tropical Land | 0.29 ± 0.62 | 0.23 ± 0.64 | 0.07 ± 2.19 |
| Tropical Ocean | 0.61 ± 0.50 | 0.66 ± 0.52 | 0.64 ± 0.49 |
| Tropical | 0.90 ± 0.80 | 0.89 ± 0.83 | 0.71 ± 2.25 |
| Southern Land | 0.32 ± 0.50 | 0.28 ± 0.52 | 0.12 ± 1.11 |
| Ocean in South | -2.07 ± 0.69 | -1.96 ± 0.68 | -1.90 ± 0.82 |
| Southern | -1.75 ± 0.86 | -1.68 ± 0.86 | -1.78 ± 1.38 |
| Americas | -0.45 ± 0.70 | -0.51 ± 0.74 | -0.43 ± 2.24 |
| Atlantic and Arctic | -1.32 ± 0.67 | -1.27 ± 0.65 | -0.82 ± 0.54 |
| Eurasia and Africa | 0.14 ± 0.76 | 0.10 ± 0.75 | 0.02 ± 2.73 |
| Indian Ocean | -0.55 ± 0.39 | -0.50 ± 0.39 | -0.51 ± 0.48 |
| Asia | -0.68 ± 0.87 | -0.69 ± 0.85 | -1.22 ± 4.59 |
| Pacific Ocean | -0.68 ± 0.82 | -0.59 ± 0.81 | -0.60 ± 0.79 |
| All Land | -0.99 ± 1.45 | -1.09 ± 1.47 | -1.64 ± 5.82 |
| All Ocean | -3.06 ± 1.25 | -2.81 ± 1.19 | -2.36 ± 1.20 |
| Global | -4.05 ± 1.92 | -3.90 ± 1.89 | -4.00 ± 5.94 |
| North America | -0.66 ± 0.38 | -0.64 ± 0.39 | -0.49 ± 1.25 |
| Extratropical Eurasia | -0.94 ± 1.05 | -0.96 ± 1.03 | -1.34 ± 5.10 |
| Temperate Northern Ocean | -1.13 ± 0.77 | -1.05 ± 0.73 | -0.82 ± 0.62 |
| Temperate Southern Ocean | -1.56 ± 0.56 | -1.52 ± 0.55 | -1.48 ± 0.75 |
| Tropical and Southern Land | 0.61 ± 0.86 | 0.51 ± 0.91 | 0.19 ± 2.46 |
| Tropical Pacific | 0.47 ± 0.43 | 0.49 ± 0.44 | 0.42 ± 0.44 |
| Temperate Oceans | -2.69 ± 0.96 | -2.56 ± 0.91 | -2.30 ± 0.97 |
| High Latitude Oceans | -0.98 ± 0.57 | -0.91 ± 0.54 | -0.70 ± 0.42 |
| Extratropical Oceans | -3.67 ± 1.15 | -3.47 ± 1.09 | -3.00 ± 1.09 |
| Tropical and Southern Oceans | -1.46 ± 0.85 | -1.30 ± 0.84 | -1.26 ± 0.97 |
| Northern Boreal Land | -0.93 ± 0.77 | -0.96 ± 0.75 | -1.14 ± 4.34 |
| Northern Temperate Land | -0.67 ± 0.83 | -0.65 ± 0.82 | -0.69 ± 2.98 |
| Tropical land minus northern land | 1.89 ± 1.27 | 1.83 ± 1.26 | 1.89 ± 5.72 |
| High North Ocean and Boreal Land | -1.39 ± 0.87 | -1.42 ± 0.85 | -1.41 ± 4.34 |
| Northern Temperate Land and Ocean | -1.80 ± 1.14 | -1.69 ± 1.10 | -1.51 ± 3.05 |
| Southern Temperate Land and Ocean | -1.24 ± 0.75 | -1.24 ± 0.76 | -1.35 ± 1.34 |
| Tropical and Southern Land and Ocean | -0.85 ± 1.22 | -0.79 ± 1.25 | -1.07 ± 2.64 |
| Tropics and south minus north | 2.34 ± 1.84 | 2.32 ± 1.82 | 1.85 ± 5.94 |
| Tropical and southern land minus northern land | 2.21 ± 1.39 | 2.11 ± 1.39 | 2.02 ± 5.82 |
Table 6: Long-term mean fossil fuel emissions used in CT2022 compared to CT2016, including average fluxes computed over common time periods..
Table 7: Long-term mean natural flux (biosphere + ocean + fire) from CT2022 compared to CT2015, including average fluxes computed over common time periods. The uncertainty listed is the one standard deviation level from the ensemble Kalman filter estimate. Units are PgC yr-1.
| 2001-2020 | 2001-2014 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Transcom region | CT2022 | CT2022 | CT2015 |
| North American Boreal | -0.25 ± 0.27 | -0.26 ± 0.28 | -0.13 ± 0.86 |
| North American Temperate | -0.41 ± 0.26 | -0.40 ± 0.26 | -0.36 ± 0.91 |
| South American Tropical | 0.24 ± 0.44 | 0.19 ± 0.45 | 0.36 ± 1.58 |
| South American Temperate | -0.03 ± 0.37 | -0.08 ± 0.38 | -0.14 ± 0.86 |
| Northern Africa | -0.14 ± 0.35 | -0.16 ± 0.35 | -0.16 ± 1.40 |
| Southern Africa | 0.33 ± 0.24 | 0.31 ± 0.25 | -0.09 ± 0.69 |
| Eurasia Boreal | -0.68 ± 0.72 | -0.69 ± 0.70 | -0.98 ± 4.23 |
| Eurasia Temperate | -0.21 ± 0.46 | -0.23 ± 0.47 | -0.53 ± 1.60 |
| Tropical Asia | 0.19 ± 0.14 | 0.19 ± 0.13 | 0.24 ± 0.70 |
| Australia | 0.02 ± 0.10 | 0.02 ± 0.11 | 0.09 ± 0.27 |
| Europe | -0.05 ± 0.62 | -0.06 ± 0.60 | 0.06 ± 2.32 |
| North Pacific Temperate | -0.68 ± 0.63 | -0.64 ± 0.59 | -0.54 ± 0.50 |
| West Pacific Tropical | -0.02 ± 0.09 | -0.00 ± 0.08 | 0.00 ± 0.10 |
| East Pacific Tropical | 0.48 ± 0.43 | 0.50 ± 0.43 | 0.42 ± 0.42 |
| South Pacific Temperate | -0.46 ± 0.35 | -0.43 ± 0.35 | -0.47 ± 0.43 |
| Northern Ocean | -0.46 ± 0.37 | -0.45 ± 0.37 | -0.25 ± 0.25 |
| North Atlantic Temperate | -0.45 ± 0.46 | -0.39 ± 0.43 | -0.27 ± 0.34 |
| Atlantic Tropical | 0.08 ± 0.20 | 0.09 ± 0.21 | 0.11 ± 0.13 |
| South Atlantic Temperate | -0.49 ± 0.24 | -0.51 ± 0.25 | -0.41 ± 0.28 |
| Southern Ocean | -0.51 ± 0.42 | -0.44 ± 0.39 | -0.43 ± 0.32 |
| Indian Tropical | 0.06 ± 0.21 | 0.08 ± 0.22 | 0.13 ± 0.19 |
| South Indian Temperate | -0.61 ± 0.33 | -0.59 ± 0.32 | -0.63 ± 0.45 |
| Not optimized | -0.00 ± 0.00 | -0.00 ± 0.00 | -0.00 ± 0.00 |
| 2001-2020 | 2001-2014 | ||
| Aggregated Transcom region | CT2022 | CT2022 | CT2015 |
| Northern Land | -1.60 ± 1.11 | -1.64 ± 1.10 | -1.93 ± 5.28 |
| Northern Oceans | -1.59 ± 0.87 | -1.48 ± 0.82 | -1.06 ± 0.66 |
| Northern | -3.19 ± 1.42 | -3.12 ± 1.38 | -2.99 ± 5.32 |
| Tropical Land | 0.29 ± 0.62 | 0.22 ± 0.65 | 0.45 ± 2.22 |
| Tropical Ocean | 0.61 ± 0.50 | 0.66 ± 0.52 | 0.67 ± 0.49 |
| Tropical | 0.90 ± 0.80 | 0.88 ± 0.83 | 1.12 ± 2.27 |
| Southern Land | 0.32 ± 0.50 | 0.26 ± 0.52 | -0.15 ± 1.14 |
| Ocean in South | -2.07 ± 0.69 | -1.95 ± 0.67 | -1.94 ± 0.82 |
| Southern | -1.75 ± 0.86 | -1.69 ± 0.85 | -2.09 ± 1.41 |
| Americas | -0.45 ± 0.70 | -0.55 ± 0.74 | -0.27 ± 2.21 |
| Atlantic and Arctic | -1.32 ± 0.67 | -1.26 ± 0.65 | -0.82 ± 0.53 |
| Eurasia and Africa | 0.14 ± 0.76 | 0.09 ± 0.76 | -0.19 ± 2.81 |
| Indian Ocean | -0.55 ± 0.39 | -0.51 ± 0.39 | -0.50 ± 0.49 |
| Asia | -0.68 ± 0.87 | -0.70 ± 0.86 | -1.17 ± 4.59 |
| Pacific Ocean | -0.68 ± 0.82 | -0.57 ± 0.80 | -0.59 ± 0.78 |
| All Land | -0.99 ± 1.45 | -1.17 ± 1.48 | -1.63 ± 5.84 |
| All Ocean | -3.06 ± 1.25 | -2.77 ± 1.19 | -2.33 ± 1.19 |
| Global | -4.05 ± 1.92 | -3.94 ± 1.90 | -3.96 ± 5.96 |
| North America | -0.66 ± 0.38 | -0.66 ± 0.39 | -0.49 ± 1.25 |
| Extratropical Eurasia | -0.94 ± 1.05 | -0.98 ± 1.04 | -1.45 ± 5.10 |
| Temperate Northern Ocean | -1.13 ± 0.77 | -1.03 ± 0.72 | -0.81 ± 0.61 |
| Temperate Southern Ocean | -1.56 ± 0.56 | -1.52 ± 0.55 | -1.52 ± 0.75 |
| Tropical and Southern Land | 0.61 ± 0.86 | 0.48 ± 0.91 | 0.30 ± 2.50 |
| Tropical Pacific | 0.47 ± 0.43 | 0.50 ± 0.44 | 0.42 ± 0.44 |
| Temperate Oceans | -2.69 ± 0.96 | -2.54 ± 0.91 | -2.32 ± 0.97 |
| High Latitude Oceans | -0.98 ± 0.57 | -0.89 ± 0.54 | -0.68 ± 0.41 |
| Extratropical Oceans | -3.67 ± 1.15 | -3.43 ± 1.09 | -3.00 ± 1.08 |
| Tropical and Southern Oceans | -1.46 ± 0.85 | -1.29 ± 0.83 | -1.28 ± 0.97 |
| Northern Boreal Land | -0.93 ± 0.77 | -0.95 ± 0.76 | -1.11 ± 4.33 |
| Northern Temperate Land | -0.67 ± 0.83 | -0.69 ± 0.82 | -0.83 ± 3.00 |
| Tropical land minus northern land | 1.89 ± 1.27 | 1.86 ± 1.27 | 2.39 ± 5.73 |
| High North Ocean and Boreal Land | -1.39 ± 0.87 | -1.40 ± 0.86 | -1.36 ± 4.34 |
| Northern Temperate Land and Ocean | -1.80 ± 1.14 | -1.72 ± 1.10 | -1.64 ± 3.06 |
| Southern Temperate Land and Ocean | -1.24 ± 0.75 | -1.26 ± 0.76 | -1.66 ± 1.37 |
| Tropical and Southern Land and Ocean | -0.85 ± 1.22 | -0.82 ± 1.24 | -0.97 ± 2.68 |
| Tropics and south minus north | 2.34 ± 1.84 | 2.31 ± 1.82 | 2.02 ± 5.96 |
| Tropical and southern land minus northern land | 2.21 ± 1.39 | 2.12 ± 1.39 | 2.24 ± 5.85 |
Table 8: Long-term mean fossil fuel emissions used in CT2022 compared to CT2015, including average fluxes computed over common time periods..
Table 9: Long-term mean natural flux (biosphere + ocean + fire) from CT2022 compared to CT2013B, including average fluxes computed over common time periods. The uncertainty listed is the one standard deviation level from the ensemble Kalman filter estimate. Units are PgC yr-1.
| 2001-2020 | 2001-2012 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Transcom region | CT2022 | CT2022 | CT2013B |
| North American Boreal | -0.25 ± 0.27 | -0.25 ± 0.29 | -0.13 ± 0.94 |
| North American Temperate | -0.41 ± 0.26 | -0.39 ± 0.26 | -0.14 ± 0.89 |
| South American Tropical | 0.24 ± 0.44 | 0.23 ± 0.45 | -0.04 ± 1.70 |
| South American Temperate | -0.03 ± 0.37 | -0.07 ± 0.40 | -0.09 ± 1.10 |
| Northern Africa | -0.14 ± 0.35 | -0.18 ± 0.36 | -0.10 ± 1.06 |
| Southern Africa | 0.33 ± 0.24 | 0.33 ± 0.26 | 0.06 ± 1.17 |
| Eurasia Boreal | -0.68 ± 0.72 | -0.69 ± 0.72 | -0.97 ± 3.98 |
| Eurasia Temperate | -0.21 ± 0.46 | -0.25 ± 0.48 | -0.38 ± 1.40 |
| Tropical Asia | 0.19 ± 0.14 | 0.18 ± 0.14 | 0.09 ± 0.61 |
| Australia | 0.02 ± 0.10 | 0.03 ± 0.11 | -0.00 ± 0.34 |
| Europe | -0.05 ± 0.62 | -0.00 ± 0.60 | -0.12 ± 2.04 |
| North Pacific Temperate | -0.68 ± 0.63 | -0.66 ± 0.58 | -0.52 ± 0.44 |
| West Pacific Tropical | -0.02 ± 0.09 | -0.00 ± 0.08 | 0.03 ± 0.09 |
| East Pacific Tropical | 0.48 ± 0.43 | 0.50 ± 0.43 | 0.41 ± 0.40 |
| South Pacific Temperate | -0.46 ± 0.35 | -0.41 ± 0.35 | -0.52 ± 0.50 |
| Northern Ocean | -0.46 ± 0.37 | -0.44 ± 0.36 | -0.30 ± 0.28 |
| North Atlantic Temperate | -0.45 ± 0.46 | -0.39 ± 0.43 | -0.34 ± 0.35 |
| Atlantic Tropical | 0.08 ± 0.20 | 0.10 ± 0.22 | 0.13 ± 0.14 |
| South Atlantic Temperate | -0.49 ± 0.24 | -0.55 ± 0.26 | -0.21 ± 0.25 |
| Southern Ocean | -0.51 ± 0.42 | -0.38 ± 0.36 | -0.43 ± 0.33 |
| Indian Tropical | 0.06 ± 0.21 | 0.09 ± 0.22 | 0.14 ± 0.19 |
| South Indian Temperate | -0.61 ± 0.33 | -0.59 ± 0.32 | -0.56 ± 0.43 |
| Not optimized | -0.00 ± 0.00 | -0.00 ± 0.00 | -0.00 ± 0.00 |
| 2001-2020 | 2001-2012 | ||
| Aggregated Transcom region | CT2022 | CT2022 | CT2013B |
| Northern Land | -1.60 ± 1.11 | -1.58 ± 1.11 | -1.75 ± 4.92 |
| Northern Oceans | -1.59 ± 0.87 | -1.49 ± 0.81 | -1.17 ± 0.62 |
| Northern | -3.19 ± 1.42 | -3.06 ± 1.38 | -2.93 ± 4.96 |
| Tropical Land | 0.29 ± 0.62 | 0.24 ± 0.65 | -0.05 ± 2.10 |
| Tropical Ocean | 0.61 ± 0.50 | 0.68 ± 0.52 | 0.70 ± 0.49 |
| Tropical | 0.90 ± 0.80 | 0.91 ± 0.84 | 0.65 ± 2.15 |
| Southern Land | 0.32 ± 0.50 | 0.29 ± 0.55 | -0.04 ± 1.64 |
| Ocean in South | -2.07 ± 0.69 | -1.92 ± 0.67 | -1.72 ± 0.84 |
| Southern | -1.75 ± 0.86 | -1.63 ± 0.87 | -1.76 ± 1.85 |
| Americas | -0.45 ± 0.70 | -0.47 ± 0.75 | -0.41 ± 2.41 |
| Atlantic and Arctic | -1.32 ± 0.67 | -1.27 ± 0.65 | -0.73 ± 0.54 |
| Eurasia and Africa | 0.14 ± 0.76 | 0.15 ± 0.76 | -0.16 ± 2.58 |
| Indian Ocean | -0.55 ± 0.39 | -0.50 ± 0.39 | -0.41 ± 0.47 |
| Asia | -0.68 ± 0.87 | -0.72 ± 0.87 | -1.27 ± 4.27 |
| Pacific Ocean | -0.68 ± 0.82 | -0.58 ± 0.80 | -0.61 ± 0.77 |
| All Land | -0.99 ± 1.45 | -1.04 ± 1.50 | -1.85 ± 5.60 |
| All Ocean | -3.06 ± 1.25 | -2.73 ± 1.19 | -2.19 ± 1.23 |
| Global | -4.05 ± 1.92 | -3.78 ± 1.91 | -4.03 ± 5.74 |
| North America | -0.66 ± 0.38 | -0.63 ± 0.41 | -0.28 ± 1.29 |
| Extratropical Eurasia | -0.94 ± 1.05 | -0.94 ± 1.05 | -1.48 ± 4.72 |
| Temperate Northern Ocean | -1.13 ± 0.77 | -1.05 ± 0.71 | -0.87 ± 0.57 |
| Temperate Southern Ocean | -1.56 ± 0.56 | -1.54 ± 0.56 | -1.28 ± 0.78 |
| Tropical and Southern Land | 0.61 ± 0.86 | 0.53 ± 0.94 | -0.09 ± 2.67 |
| Tropical Pacific | 0.47 ± 0.43 | 0.49 ± 0.44 | 0.43 ± 0.42 |
| Temperate Oceans | -2.69 ± 0.96 | -2.59 ± 0.91 | -2.15 ± 0.97 |
| High Latitude Oceans | -0.98 ± 0.57 | -0.82 ± 0.51 | -0.74 ± 0.43 |
| Extratropical Oceans | -3.67 ± 1.15 | -3.41 ± 1.08 | -2.89 ± 1.09 |
| Tropical and Southern Oceans | -1.46 ± 0.85 | -1.25 ± 0.84 | -1.01 ± 1.02 |
| Northern Boreal Land | -0.93 ± 0.77 | -0.94 ± 0.78 | -1.11 ± 4.10 |
| Northern Temperate Land | -0.67 ± 0.83 | -0.64 ± 0.82 | -0.65 ± 2.66 |
| Tropical land minus northern land | 1.89 ± 1.27 | 1.81 ± 1.29 | 1.70 ± 5.35 |
| High North Ocean and Boreal Land | -1.39 ± 0.87 | -1.38 ± 0.87 | -1.41 ± 4.12 |
| Northern Temperate Land and Ocean | -1.80 ± 1.14 | -1.69 ± 1.09 | -1.51 ± 2.72 |
| Southern Temperate Land and Ocean | -1.24 ± 0.75 | -1.25 ± 0.78 | -1.32 ± 1.82 |
| Tropical and Southern Land and Ocean | -0.85 ± 1.22 | -0.72 ± 1.27 | -1.11 ± 2.86 |
| Tropics and south minus north | 2.34 ± 1.84 | 2.35 ± 1.84 | 1.82 ± 5.72 |
| Tropical and southern land minus northern land | 2.21 ± 1.39 | 2.11 ± 1.42 | 1.66 ± 5.60 |
Table 10: Long-term mean fossil fuel emissions used in CT2022 compared to CT2013B, including average fluxes computed over common time periods..
Table 11: Long-term mean natural flux (biosphere + ocean + fire) from CT2022 compared to CT2013, including average fluxes computed over common time periods. The uncertainty listed is the one standard deviation level from the ensemble Kalman filter estimate. Units are PgC yr-1.
| 2001-2020 | 2001-2012 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Transcom region | CT2022 | CT2022 | CT2013 |
| North American Boreal | -0.25 ± 0.27 | -0.25 ± 0.29 | -0.17 ± 0.79 |
| North American Temperate | -0.41 ± 0.26 | -0.39 ± 0.26 | -0.44 ± 0.78 |
| South American Tropical | 0.24 ± 0.44 | 0.23 ± 0.45 | 0.01 ± 1.63 |
| South American Temperate | -0.03 ± 0.37 | -0.07 ± 0.40 | 0.04 ± 1.13 |
| Northern Africa | -0.14 ± 0.35 | -0.18 ± 0.36 | -0.09 ± 1.01 |
| Southern Africa | 0.33 ± 0.24 | 0.33 ± 0.26 | 0.08 ± 1.11 |
| Eurasia Boreal | -0.68 ± 0.72 | -0.69 ± 0.72 | -0.99 ± 3.49 |
| Eurasia Temperate | -0.21 ± 0.46 | -0.25 ± 0.48 | -0.38 ± 1.33 |
| Tropical Asia | 0.19 ± 0.14 | 0.18 ± 0.14 | 0.12 ± 0.56 |
| Australia | 0.02 ± 0.10 | 0.03 ± 0.11 | 0.02 ± 0.32 |
| Europe | -0.05 ± 0.62 | -0.00 ± 0.60 | -0.38 ± 1.81 |
| North Pacific Temperate | -0.68 ± 0.63 | -0.66 ± 0.58 | -0.44 ± 0.37 |
| West Pacific Tropical | -0.02 ± 0.09 | -0.00 ± 0.08 | 0.03 ± 0.09 |
| East Pacific Tropical | 0.48 ± 0.43 | 0.50 ± 0.43 | 0.41 ± 0.40 |
| South Pacific Temperate | -0.46 ± 0.35 | -0.41 ± 0.35 | -0.54 ± 0.52 |
| Northern Ocean | -0.46 ± 0.37 | -0.44 ± 0.36 | -0.30 ± 0.26 |
| North Atlantic Temperate | -0.45 ± 0.46 | -0.39 ± 0.43 | -0.30 ± 0.32 |
| Atlantic Tropical | 0.08 ± 0.20 | 0.10 ± 0.22 | 0.13 ± 0.14 |
| South Atlantic Temperate | -0.49 ± 0.24 | -0.55 ± 0.26 | -0.18 ± 0.21 |
| Southern Ocean | -0.51 ± 0.42 | -0.38 ± 0.36 | -0.31 ± 0.28 |
| Indian Tropical | 0.06 ± 0.21 | 0.09 ± 0.22 | 0.15 ± 0.19 |
| South Indian Temperate | -0.61 ± 0.33 | -0.59 ± 0.32 | -0.53 ± 0.43 |
| Not optimized | -0.00 ± 0.00 | -0.00 ± 0.00 | -0.00 ± 0.00 |
| 2001-2020 | 2001-2012 | ||
| Aggregated Transcom region | CT2022 | CT2022 | CT2013 |
| Northern Land | -1.60 ± 1.11 | -1.58 ± 1.11 | -2.35 ± 4.36 |
| Northern Oceans | -1.59 ± 0.87 | -1.49 ± 0.81 | -1.04 ± 0.55 |
| Northern | -3.19 ± 1.42 | -3.06 ± 1.38 | -3.39 ± 4.39 |
| Tropical Land | 0.29 ± 0.62 | 0.24 ± 0.65 | 0.04 ± 2.00 |
| Tropical Ocean | 0.61 ± 0.50 | 0.68 ± 0.52 | 0.72 ± 0.49 |
| Tropical | 0.90 ± 0.80 | 0.91 ± 0.84 | 0.75 ± 2.06 |
| Southern Land | 0.32 ± 0.50 | 0.29 ± 0.55 | 0.14 ± 1.62 |
| Ocean in South | -2.07 ± 0.69 | -1.92 ± 0.67 | -1.56 ± 0.85 |
| Southern | -1.75 ± 0.86 | -1.63 ± 0.87 | -1.41 ± 1.83 |
| Americas | -0.45 ± 0.70 | -0.47 ± 0.75 | -0.56 ± 2.29 |
| Atlantic and Arctic | -1.32 ± 0.67 | -1.27 ± 0.65 | -0.64 ± 0.49 |
| Eurasia and Africa | 0.14 ± 0.76 | 0.15 ± 0.76 | -0.38 ± 2.36 |
| Indian Ocean | -0.55 ± 0.39 | -0.50 ± 0.39 | -0.39 ± 0.47 |
| Asia | -0.68 ± 0.87 | -0.72 ± 0.87 | -1.23 ± 3.80 |
| Pacific Ocean | -0.68 ± 0.82 | -0.58 ± 0.80 | -0.54 ± 0.76 |
| All Land | -0.99 ± 1.45 | -1.04 ± 1.50 | -2.17 ± 5.07 |
| All Ocean | -3.06 ± 1.25 | -2.73 ± 1.19 | -1.88 ± 1.17 |
| Global | -4.05 ± 1.92 | -3.78 ± 1.91 | -4.05 ± 5.20 |
| North America | -0.66 ± 0.38 | -0.63 ± 0.41 | -0.61 ± 1.12 |
| Extratropical Eurasia | -0.94 ± 1.05 | -0.94 ± 1.05 | -1.74 ± 4.18 |
| Temperate Northern Ocean | -1.13 ± 0.77 | -1.05 ± 0.71 | -0.74 ± 0.49 |
| Temperate Southern Ocean | -1.56 ± 0.56 | -1.54 ± 0.56 | -1.25 ± 0.81 |
| Tropical and Southern Land | 0.61 ± 0.86 | 0.53 ± 0.94 | 0.18 ± 2.58 |
| Tropical Pacific | 0.47 ± 0.43 | 0.49 ± 0.44 | 0.44 ± 0.42 |
| Temperate Oceans | -2.69 ± 0.96 | -2.59 ± 0.91 | -1.99 ± 0.94 |
| High Latitude Oceans | -0.98 ± 0.57 | -0.82 ± 0.51 | -0.61 ± 0.38 |
| Extratropical Oceans | -3.67 ± 1.15 | -3.41 ± 1.08 | -2.60 ± 1.03 |
| Tropical and Southern Oceans | -1.46 ± 0.85 | -1.25 ± 0.84 | -0.84 ± 1.03 |
| Northern Boreal Land | -0.93 ± 0.77 | -0.94 ± 0.78 | -1.16 ± 3.59 |
| Northern Temperate Land | -0.67 ± 0.83 | -0.64 ± 0.82 | -1.19 ± 2.41 |
| Tropical land minus northern land | 1.89 ± 1.27 | 1.81 ± 1.29 | 2.38 ± 4.80 |
| High North Ocean and Boreal Land | -1.39 ± 0.87 | -1.38 ± 0.87 | -1.45 ± 3.60 |
| Northern Temperate Land and Ocean | -1.80 ± 1.14 | -1.69 ± 1.09 | -1.93 ± 2.46 |
| Southern Temperate Land and Ocean | -1.24 ± 0.75 | -1.25 ± 0.78 | -1.10 ± 1.82 |
| Tropical and Southern Land and Ocean | -0.85 ± 1.22 | -0.72 ± 1.27 | -0.66 ± 2.78 |
| Tropics and south minus north | 2.34 ± 1.84 | 2.35 ± 1.84 | 2.73 ± 5.20 |
| Tropical and southern land minus northern land | 2.21 ± 1.39 | 2.11 ± 1.42 | 2.53 ± 5.07 |
Table 12: Long-term mean fossil fuel emissions used in CT2022 compared to CT2013, including average fluxes computed over common time periods..
Table 13: Long-term mean natural flux (biosphere + ocean + fire) from CT2022 compared to CT2011_oi, including average fluxes computed over common time periods. The uncertainty listed is the one standard deviation level from the ensemble Kalman filter estimate. Units are PgC yr-1.
| 2001-2020 | 2001-2010 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Transcom region | CT2022 | CT2022 | CT2011_oi |
| North American Boreal | -0.25 ± 0.27 | -0.22 ± 0.30 | -0.13 ± 0.91 |
| North American Temperate | -0.41 ± 0.26 | -0.42 ± 0.28 | -0.45 ± 0.87 |
| South American Tropical | 0.24 ± 0.44 | 0.23 ± 0.47 | 0.18 ± 1.53 |
| South American Temperate | -0.03 ± 0.37 | -0.02 ± 0.39 | 0.09 ± 1.18 |
| Northern Africa | -0.14 ± 0.35 | -0.15 ± 0.35 | -0.05 ± 0.99 |
| Southern Africa | 0.33 ± 0.24 | 0.34 ± 0.26 | 0.13 ± 1.02 |
| Eurasia Boreal | -0.68 ± 0.72 | -0.68 ± 0.74 | -0.96 ± 3.40 |
| Eurasia Temperate | -0.21 ± 0.46 | -0.25 ± 0.48 | -0.37 ± 1.35 |
| Tropical Asia | 0.19 ± 0.14 | 0.18 ± 0.16 | 0.16 ± 0.55 |
| Australia | 0.02 ± 0.10 | 0.04 ± 0.10 | -0.02 ± 0.46 |
| Europe | -0.05 ± 0.62 | -0.01 ± 0.60 | -0.35 ± 1.82 |
| North Pacific Temperate | -0.68 ± 0.63 | -0.66 ± 0.58 | -0.40 ± 0.40 |
| West Pacific Tropical | -0.02 ± 0.09 | -0.01 ± 0.08 | 0.02 ± 0.09 |
| East Pacific Tropical | 0.48 ± 0.43 | 0.52 ± 0.43 | 0.35 ± 0.35 |
| South Pacific Temperate | -0.46 ± 0.35 | -0.39 ± 0.35 | -0.58 ± 0.57 |
| Northern Ocean | -0.46 ± 0.37 | -0.42 ± 0.35 | -0.24 ± 0.23 |
| North Atlantic Temperate | -0.45 ± 0.46 | -0.37 ± 0.42 | -0.39 ± 0.39 |
| Atlantic Tropical | 0.08 ± 0.20 | 0.10 ± 0.23 | 0.18 ± 0.16 |
| South Atlantic Temperate | -0.49 ± 0.24 | -0.58 ± 0.28 | -0.17 ± 0.21 |
| Southern Ocean | -0.51 ± 0.42 | -0.32 ± 0.34 | -0.27 ± 0.26 |
| Indian Tropical | 0.06 ± 0.21 | 0.09 ± 0.23 | 0.18 ± 0.22 |
| South Indian Temperate | -0.61 ± 0.33 | -0.60 ± 0.31 | -0.67 ± 0.45 |
| Not optimized | -0.00 ± 0.00 | -0.00 ± 0.00 | -0.00 ± 0.00 |
| 2001-2020 | 2001-2010 | ||
| Aggregated Transcom region | CT2022 | CT2022 | CT2011_oi |
| Northern Land | -1.60 ± 1.11 | -1.59 ± 1.13 | -2.27 ± 4.33 |
| Northern Oceans | -1.59 ± 0.87 | -1.44 ± 0.79 | -1.02 ± 0.61 |
| Northern | -3.19 ± 1.42 | -3.04 ± 1.38 | -3.30 ± 4.37 |
| Tropical Land | 0.29 ± 0.62 | 0.27 ± 0.67 | 0.29 ± 1.90 |
| Tropical Ocean | 0.61 ± 0.50 | 0.71 ± 0.52 | 0.72 ± 0.51 |
| Tropical | 0.90 ± 0.80 | 0.98 ± 0.86 | 1.01 ± 1.97 |
| Southern Land | 0.32 ± 0.50 | 0.35 ± 0.53 | 0.20 ± 1.63 |
| Ocean in South | -2.07 ± 0.69 | -1.90 ± 0.66 | -1.69 ± 0.90 |
| Southern | -1.75 ± 0.86 | -1.54 ± 0.85 | -1.49 ± 1.87 |
| Americas | -0.45 ± 0.70 | -0.43 ± 0.78 | -0.32 ± 2.32 |
| Atlantic and Arctic | -1.32 ± 0.67 | -1.27 ± 0.64 | -0.61 ± 0.55 |
| Eurasia and Africa | 0.14 ± 0.76 | 0.18 ± 0.76 | -0.28 ± 2.31 |
| Indian Ocean | -0.55 ± 0.39 | -0.51 ± 0.39 | -0.50 ± 0.49 |
| Asia | -0.68 ± 0.87 | -0.71 ± 0.89 | -1.19 ± 3.73 |
| Pacific Ocean | -0.68 ± 0.82 | -0.53 ± 0.80 | -0.62 ± 0.76 |
| All Land | -0.99 ± 1.45 | -0.97 ± 1.54 | -1.79 ± 5.00 |
| All Ocean | -3.06 ± 1.25 | -2.63 ± 1.15 | -2.00 ± 1.23 |
| Global | -4.05 ± 1.92 | -3.60 ± 1.92 | -3.78 ± 5.15 |
| North America | -0.66 ± 0.38 | -0.64 ± 0.42 | -0.59 ± 1.27 |
| Extratropical Eurasia | -0.94 ± 1.05 | -0.95 ± 1.07 | -1.69 ± 4.12 |
| Temperate Northern Ocean | -1.13 ± 0.77 | -1.02 ± 0.70 | -0.79 ± 0.57 |
| Temperate Southern Ocean | -1.56 ± 0.56 | -1.58 ± 0.56 | -1.42 ± 0.86 |
| Tropical and Southern Land | 0.61 ± 0.86 | 0.62 ± 0.97 | 0.48 ± 2.50 |
| Tropical Pacific | 0.47 ± 0.43 | 0.52 ± 0.44 | 0.37 ± 0.37 |
| Temperate Oceans | -2.69 ± 0.96 | -2.60 ± 0.90 | -2.21 ± 1.02 |
| High Latitude Oceans | -0.98 ± 0.57 | -0.74 ± 0.48 | -0.51 ± 0.33 |
| Extratropical Oceans | -3.67 ± 1.15 | -3.34 ± 1.04 | -2.72 ± 1.14 |
| Tropical and Southern Oceans | -1.46 ± 0.85 | -1.19 ± 0.83 | -0.97 ± 1.03 |
| Northern Boreal Land | -0.93 ± 0.77 | -0.90 ± 0.80 | -1.09 ± 3.52 |
| Northern Temperate Land | -0.67 ± 0.83 | -0.69 ± 0.83 | -1.18 ± 2.46 |
| Tropical land minus northern land | 1.89 ± 1.27 | 1.86 ± 1.32 | 2.56 ± 4.74 |
| High North Ocean and Boreal Land | -1.39 ± 0.87 | -1.33 ± 0.88 | -1.33 ± 3.53 |
| Northern Temperate Land and Ocean | -1.80 ± 1.14 | -1.71 ± 1.09 | -1.96 ± 2.53 |
| Southern Temperate Land and Ocean | -1.24 ± 0.75 | -1.22 ± 0.77 | -1.22 ± 1.85 |
| Tropical and Southern Land and Ocean | -0.85 ± 1.22 | -0.56 ± 1.29 | -0.49 ± 2.71 |
| Tropics and south minus north | 2.34 ± 1.84 | 2.47 ± 1.87 | 2.81 ± 5.14 |
| Tropical and southern land minus northern land | 2.21 ± 1.39 | 2.21 ± 1.47 | 2.76 ± 5.01 |
Table 14: Long-term mean fossil fuel emissions used in CT2022 compared to CT2011_oi, including average fluxes computed over common time periods..
Table 15: Long-term mean natural flux (biosphere + ocean + fire) from CT2022 compared to CT2010, including average fluxes computed over common time periods. The uncertainty listed is the one standard deviation level from the ensemble Kalman filter estimate. Units are PgC yr-1.
| 2001-2020 | 2001-2009 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Transcom region | CT2022 | CT2022 | CT2010 |
| North American Boreal | -0.25 ± 0.27 | -0.20 ± 0.31 | -0.11 ± 0.35 |
| North American Temperate | -0.41 ± 0.26 | -0.43 ± 0.29 | -0.49 ± 0.39 |
| South American Tropical | 0.24 ± 0.44 | 0.20 ± 0.49 | 0.13 ± 0.67 |
| South American Temperate | -0.03 ± 0.37 | -0.02 ± 0.40 | -0.03 ± 0.78 |
| Northern Africa | -0.14 ± 0.35 | -0.13 ± 0.35 | 0.02 ± 0.50 |
| Southern Africa | 0.33 ± 0.24 | 0.34 ± 0.25 | 0.10 ± 0.62 |
| Eurasia Boreal | -0.68 ± 0.72 | -0.69 ± 0.77 | -0.83 ± 1.16 |
| Eurasia Temperate | -0.21 ± 0.46 | -0.29 ± 0.49 | -0.35 ± 0.54 |
| Tropical Asia | 0.19 ± 0.14 | 0.18 ± 0.16 | 0.15 ± 0.20 |
| Australia | 0.02 ± 0.10 | 0.05 ± 0.10 | -0.09 ± 0.31 |
| Europe | -0.05 ± 0.62 | -0.01 ± 0.60 | -0.28 ± 0.75 |
| North Pacific Temperate | -0.68 ± 0.63 | -0.63 ± 0.58 | -0.40 ± 0.38 |
| West Pacific Tropical | -0.02 ± 0.09 | -0.01 ± 0.08 | 0.02 ± 0.01 |
| East Pacific Tropical | 0.48 ± 0.43 | 0.53 ± 0.44 | 0.39 ± 0.23 |
| South Pacific Temperate | -0.46 ± 0.35 | -0.37 ± 0.35 | -0.57 ± 0.46 |
| Northern Ocean | -0.46 ± 0.37 | -0.43 ± 0.35 | -0.29 ± 0.19 |
| North Atlantic Temperate | -0.45 ± 0.46 | -0.39 ± 0.43 | -0.37 ± 0.41 |
| Atlantic Tropical | 0.08 ± 0.20 | 0.09 ± 0.23 | 0.19 ± 0.15 |
| South Atlantic Temperate | -0.49 ± 0.24 | -0.59 ± 0.28 | -0.14 ± 0.25 |
| Southern Ocean | -0.51 ± 0.42 | -0.30 ± 0.33 | -0.19 ± 0.32 |
| Indian Tropical | 0.06 ± 0.21 | 0.10 ± 0.24 | 0.16 ± 0.12 |
| South Indian Temperate | -0.61 ± 0.33 | -0.59 ± 0.31 | -0.69 ± 0.24 |
| Not optimized | -0.00 ± 0.00 | -0.00 ± 0.00 | -0.00 ± 0.00 |
| 2001-2020 | 2001-2009 | ||
| Aggregated Transcom region | CT2022 | CT2022 | CT2010 |
| Northern Land | -1.60 ± 1.11 | -1.61 ± 1.15 | -2.06 ± 1.62 |
| Northern Oceans | -1.59 ± 0.87 | -1.44 ± 0.79 | -1.07 ± 0.61 |
| Northern | -3.19 ± 1.42 | -3.06 ± 1.40 | -3.13 ± 1.73 |
| Tropical Land | 0.29 ± 0.62 | 0.24 ± 0.69 | 0.30 ± 0.85 |
| Tropical Ocean | 0.61 ± 0.50 | 0.72 ± 0.54 | 0.75 ± 0.34 |
| Tropical | 0.90 ± 0.80 | 0.96 ± 0.88 | 1.06 ± 0.92 |
| Southern Land | 0.32 ± 0.50 | 0.37 ± 0.53 | -0.02 ± 1.04 |
| Ocean in South | -2.07 ± 0.69 | -1.86 ± 0.66 | -1.58 ± 0.66 |
| Southern | -1.75 ± 0.86 | -1.49 ± 0.85 | -1.60 ± 1.23 |
| Americas | -0.45 ± 0.70 | -0.44 ± 0.80 | -0.50 ± 1.15 |
| Atlantic and Arctic | -1.32 ± 0.67 | -1.32 ± 0.64 | -0.62 ± 0.58 |
| Eurasia and Africa | 0.14 ± 0.76 | 0.20 ± 0.76 | -0.16 ± 1.09 |
| Indian Ocean | -0.55 ± 0.39 | -0.49 ± 0.39 | -0.53 ± 0.26 |
| Asia | -0.68 ± 0.87 | -0.75 ± 0.92 | -1.11 ± 1.34 |
| Pacific Ocean | -0.68 ± 0.82 | -0.47 ± 0.80 | -0.56 ± 0.61 |
| All Land | -0.99 ± 1.45 | -1.00 ± 1.57 | -1.78 ± 2.10 |
| All Ocean | -3.06 ± 1.25 | -2.59 ± 1.16 | -1.89 ± 1.09 |
| Global | -4.05 ± 1.92 | -3.59 ± 1.95 | -3.67 ± 2.37 |
| North America | -0.66 ± 0.38 | -0.62 ± 0.44 | -0.60 ± 0.52 |
| Extratropical Eurasia | -0.94 ± 1.05 | -0.99 ± 1.09 | -1.46 ± 1.52 |
| Temperate Northern Ocean | -1.13 ± 0.77 | -1.01 ± 0.70 | -0.77 ± 0.59 |
| Temperate Southern Ocean | -1.56 ± 0.56 | -1.56 ± 0.56 | -1.39 ± 0.63 |
| Tropical and Southern Land | 0.61 ± 0.86 | 0.61 ± 1.00 | 0.28 ± 1.34 |
| Tropical Pacific | 0.47 ± 0.43 | 0.52 ± 0.45 | 0.41 ± 0.23 |
| Temperate Oceans | -2.69 ± 0.96 | -2.57 ± 0.90 | -2.17 ± 0.81 |
| High Latitude Oceans | -0.98 ± 0.57 | -0.73 ± 0.48 | -0.48 ± 0.35 |
| Extratropical Oceans | -3.67 ± 1.15 | -3.31 ± 1.04 | -2.65 ± 0.96 |
| Tropical and Southern Oceans | -1.46 ± 0.85 | -1.14 ± 0.84 | -0.83 ± 0.85 |
| Northern Boreal Land | -0.93 ± 0.77 | -0.89 ± 0.83 | -0.94 ± 1.21 |
| Northern Temperate Land | -0.67 ± 0.83 | -0.72 ± 0.84 | -1.12 ± 1.02 |
| Tropical land minus northern land | 1.89 ± 1.27 | 1.86 ± 1.35 | 2.36 ± 1.83 |
| High North Ocean and Boreal Land | -1.39 ± 0.87 | -1.32 ± 0.91 | -1.23 ± 1.23 |
| Northern Temperate Land and Ocean | -1.80 ± 1.14 | -1.74 ± 1.08 | -1.89 ± 1.18 |
| Southern Temperate Land and Ocean | -1.24 ± 0.75 | -1.19 ± 0.78 | -1.41 ± 1.21 |
| Tropical and Southern Land and Ocean | -0.85 ± 1.22 | -0.53 ± 1.32 | -0.54 ± 1.58 |
| Tropics and south minus north | 2.34 ± 1.84 | 2.52 ± 1.91 | 2.59 ± 2.33 |
| Tropical and southern land minus northern land | 2.21 ± 1.39 | 2.22 ± 1.51 | 2.35 ± 2.10 |
Table 16: Long-term mean fossil fuel emissions used in CT2022 compared to CT2010, including average fluxes computed over common time periods..
Table 17: Long-term mean natural flux (biosphere + ocean + fire) from CT2022 compared to CT2009, including average fluxes computed over common time periods. The uncertainty listed is the one standard deviation level from the ensemble Kalman filter estimate. Units are PgC yr-1.
| 2001-2020 | 2001-2008 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Transcom region | CT2022 | CT2022 | CT2009 |
| North American Boreal | -0.25 ± 0.27 | -0.18 ± 0.31 | -0.11 ± 0.36 |
| North American Temperate | -0.41 ± 0.26 | -0.43 ± 0.30 | -0.49 ± 0.41 |
| South American Tropical | 0.24 ± 0.44 | 0.21 ± 0.51 | 0.15 ± 0.68 |
| South American Temperate | -0.03 ± 0.37 | -0.00 ± 0.41 | -0.03 ± 0.78 |
| Northern Africa | -0.14 ± 0.35 | -0.13 ± 0.36 | 0.03 ± 0.50 |
| Southern Africa | 0.33 ± 0.24 | 0.33 ± 0.25 | 0.12 ± 0.63 |
| Eurasia Boreal | -0.68 ± 0.72 | -0.69 ± 0.79 | -0.80 ± 1.16 |
| Eurasia Temperate | -0.21 ± 0.46 | -0.29 ± 0.49 | -0.35 ± 0.54 |
| Tropical Asia | 0.19 ± 0.14 | 0.16 ± 0.17 | 0.16 ± 0.20 |
| Australia | 0.02 ± 0.10 | 0.06 ± 0.10 | -0.09 ± 0.32 |
| Europe | -0.05 ± 0.62 | 0.00 ± 0.61 | -0.25 ± 0.76 |
| North Pacific Temperate | -0.68 ± 0.63 | -0.61 ± 0.59 | -0.41 ± 0.38 |
| West Pacific Tropical | -0.02 ± 0.09 | -0.01 ± 0.08 | 0.02 ± 0.01 |
| East Pacific Tropical | 0.48 ± 0.43 | 0.56 ± 0.45 | 0.40 ± 0.23 |
| South Pacific Temperate | -0.46 ± 0.35 | -0.37 ± 0.35 | -0.56 ± 0.46 |
| Northern Ocean | -0.46 ± 0.37 | -0.42 ± 0.34 | -0.29 ± 0.19 |
| North Atlantic Temperate | -0.45 ± 0.46 | -0.37 ± 0.43 | -0.37 ± 0.41 |
| Atlantic Tropical | 0.08 ± 0.20 | 0.10 ± 0.23 | 0.19 ± 0.15 |
| South Atlantic Temperate | -0.49 ± 0.24 | -0.59 ± 0.28 | -0.14 ± 0.25 |
| Southern Ocean | -0.51 ± 0.42 | -0.29 ± 0.33 | -0.19 ± 0.31 |
| Indian Tropical | 0.06 ± 0.21 | 0.10 ± 0.25 | 0.16 ± 0.12 |
| South Indian Temperate | -0.61 ± 0.33 | -0.60 ± 0.31 | -0.68 ± 0.24 |
| Not optimized | -0.00 ± 0.00 | -0.00 ± 0.00 | -0.00 ± 0.00 |
| 2001-2020 | 2001-2008 | ||
| Aggregated Transcom region | CT2022 | CT2022 | CT2009 |
| Northern Land | -1.60 ± 1.11 | -1.58 ± 1.17 | -2.00 ± 1.63 |
| Northern Oceans | -1.59 ± 0.87 | -1.39 ± 0.79 | -1.07 ± 0.61 |
| Northern | -3.19 ± 1.42 | -2.97 ± 1.42 | -3.08 ± 1.74 |
| Tropical Land | 0.29 ± 0.62 | 0.24 ± 0.72 | 0.35 ± 0.86 |
| Tropical Ocean | 0.61 ± 0.50 | 0.74 ± 0.55 | 0.76 ± 0.34 |
| Tropical | 0.90 ± 0.80 | 0.98 ± 0.91 | 1.11 ± 0.93 |
| Southern Land | 0.32 ± 0.50 | 0.38 ± 0.54 | -0.00 ± 1.05 |
| Ocean in South | -2.07 ± 0.69 | -1.84 ± 0.66 | -1.57 ± 0.66 |
| Southern | -1.75 ± 0.86 | -1.46 ± 0.86 | -1.57 ± 1.24 |
| Americas | -0.45 ± 0.70 | -0.41 ± 0.83 | -0.47 ± 1.16 |
| Atlantic and Arctic | -1.32 ± 0.67 | -1.28 ± 0.64 | -0.61 ± 0.58 |
| Eurasia and Africa | 0.14 ± 0.76 | 0.20 ± 0.76 | -0.10 ± 1.11 |
| Indian Ocean | -0.55 ± 0.39 | -0.49 ± 0.40 | -0.53 ± 0.26 |
| Asia | -0.68 ± 0.87 | -0.76 ± 0.95 | -1.08 ± 1.35 |
| Pacific Ocean | -0.68 ± 0.82 | -0.43 ± 0.82 | -0.56 ± 0.61 |
| All Land | -0.99 ± 1.45 | -0.96 ± 1.62 | -1.65 ± 2.12 |
| All Ocean | -3.06 ± 1.25 | -2.49 ± 1.17 | -1.89 ± 1.09 |
| Global | -4.05 ± 1.92 | -3.45 ± 1.99 | -3.54 ± 2.38 |
| North America | -0.66 ± 0.38 | -0.61 ± 0.44 | -0.59 ± 0.54 |
| Extratropical Eurasia | -0.94 ± 1.05 | -0.97 ± 1.11 | -1.41 ± 1.53 |
| Temperate Northern Ocean | -1.13 ± 0.77 | -0.97 ± 0.70 | -0.79 ± 0.59 |
| Temperate Southern Ocean | -1.56 ± 0.56 | -1.56 ± 0.57 | -1.38 ± 0.63 |
| Tropical and Southern Land | 0.61 ± 0.86 | 0.62 ± 1.05 | 0.35 ± 1.35 |
| Tropical Pacific | 0.47 ± 0.43 | 0.55 ± 0.46 | 0.42 ± 0.23 |
| Temperate Oceans | -2.69 ± 0.96 | -2.53 ± 0.91 | -2.17 ± 0.81 |
| High Latitude Oceans | -0.98 ± 0.57 | -0.70 ± 0.48 | -0.47 ± 0.35 |
| Extratropical Oceans | -3.67 ± 1.15 | -3.23 ± 1.05 | -2.64 ± 0.95 |
| Tropical and Southern Oceans | -1.46 ± 0.85 | -1.10 ± 0.85 | -0.81 ± 0.85 |
| Northern Boreal Land | -0.93 ± 0.77 | -0.86 ± 0.85 | -0.91 ± 1.22 |
| Northern Temperate Land | -0.67 ± 0.83 | -0.71 ± 0.84 | -1.09 ± 1.04 |
| Tropical land minus northern land | 1.89 ± 1.27 | 1.82 ± 1.38 | 2.35 ± 1.85 |
| High North Ocean and Boreal Land | -1.39 ± 0.87 | -1.28 ± 0.92 | -1.20 ± 1.23 |
| Northern Temperate Land and Ocean | -1.80 ± 1.14 | -1.69 ± 1.09 | -1.88 ± 1.20 |
| Southern Temperate Land and Ocean | -1.24 ± 0.75 | -1.18 ± 0.79 | -1.38 ± 1.22 |
| Tropical and Southern Land and Ocean | -0.85 ± 1.22 | -0.48 ± 1.36 | -0.46 ± 1.60 |
| Tropics and south minus north | 2.34 ± 1.84 | 2.49 ± 1.95 | 2.61 ± 2.34 |
| Tropical and southern land minus northern land | 2.21 ± 1.39 | 2.19 ± 1.56 | 2.35 ± 2.12 |
Table 18: Long-term mean fossil fuel emissions used in CT2022 compared to CT2009, including average fluxes computed over common time periods..
Table 19: Long-term mean natural flux (biosphere + ocean + fire) from CT2022 compared to CT2008, including average fluxes computed over common time periods. The uncertainty listed is the one standard deviation level from the ensemble Kalman filter estimate. Units are PgC yr-1.
| 2001-2020 | 2001-2007 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Transcom region | CT2022 | CT2022 | CT2008 |
| North American Boreal | -0.25 ± 0.27 | -0.17 ± 0.31 | -0.12 ± 0.37 |
| North American Temperate | -0.41 ± 0.26 | -0.46 ± 0.31 | -0.60 ± 0.44 |
| South American Tropical | 0.24 ± 0.44 | 0.23 ± 0.50 | 0.17 ± 0.67 |
| South American Temperate | -0.03 ± 0.37 | 0.01 ± 0.42 | -0.04 ± 0.78 |
| Northern Africa | -0.14 ± 0.35 | -0.13 ± 0.37 | 0.02 ± 0.50 |
| Southern Africa | 0.33 ± 0.24 | 0.34 ± 0.26 | 0.17 ± 0.62 |
| Eurasia Boreal | -0.68 ± 0.72 | -0.70 ± 0.82 | -0.82 ± 1.17 |
| Eurasia Temperate | -0.21 ± 0.46 | -0.24 ± 0.49 | -0.35 ± 0.54 |
| Tropical Asia | 0.19 ± 0.14 | 0.16 ± 0.18 | 0.19 ± 0.21 |
| Australia | 0.02 ± 0.10 | 0.06 ± 0.10 | -0.06 ± 0.31 |
| Europe | -0.05 ± 0.62 | 0.03 ± 0.60 | -0.25 ± 0.73 |
| North Pacific Temperate | -0.68 ± 0.63 | -0.61 ± 0.58 | -0.42 ± 0.38 |
| West Pacific Tropical | -0.02 ± 0.09 | -0.01 ± 0.09 | 0.02 ± 0.01 |
| East Pacific Tropical | 0.48 ± 0.43 | 0.56 ± 0.46 | 0.41 ± 0.23 |
| South Pacific Temperate | -0.46 ± 0.35 | -0.36 ± 0.35 | -0.54 ± 0.46 |
| Northern Ocean | -0.46 ± 0.37 | -0.38 ± 0.33 | -0.28 ± 0.19 |
| North Atlantic Temperate | -0.45 ± 0.46 | -0.37 ± 0.44 | -0.38 ± 0.41 |
| Atlantic Tropical | 0.08 ± 0.20 | 0.11 ± 0.24 | 0.19 ± 0.15 |
| South Atlantic Temperate | -0.49 ± 0.24 | -0.60 ± 0.29 | -0.13 ± 0.25 |
| Southern Ocean | -0.51 ± 0.42 | -0.28 ± 0.32 | -0.18 ± 0.30 |
| Indian Tropical | 0.06 ± 0.21 | 0.12 ± 0.26 | 0.16 ± 0.12 |
| South Indian Temperate | -0.61 ± 0.33 | -0.59 ± 0.32 | -0.67 ± 0.23 |
| Not optimized | -0.00 ± 0.00 | -0.00 ± 0.00 | -0.00 ± 0.00 |
| 2001-2020 | 2001-2007 | ||
| Aggregated Transcom region | CT2022 | CT2022 | CT2008 |
| Northern Land | -1.60 ± 1.11 | -1.54 ± 1.19 | -2.14 ± 1.63 |
| Northern Oceans | -1.59 ± 0.87 | -1.35 ± 0.78 | -1.08 ± 0.60 |
| Northern | -3.19 ± 1.42 | -2.89 ± 1.43 | -3.23 ± 1.74 |
| Tropical Land | 0.29 ± 0.62 | 0.26 ± 0.72 | 0.39 ± 0.86 |
| Tropical Ocean | 0.61 ± 0.50 | 0.78 ± 0.56 | 0.78 ± 0.34 |
| Tropical | 0.90 ± 0.80 | 1.05 ± 0.92 | 1.16 ± 0.93 |
| Southern Land | 0.32 ± 0.50 | 0.41 ± 0.56 | 0.06 ± 1.04 |
| Ocean in South | -2.07 ± 0.69 | -1.82 ± 0.67 | -1.51 ± 0.65 |
| Southern | -1.75 ± 0.86 | -1.41 ± 0.87 | -1.45 ± 1.23 |
| Americas | -0.45 ± 0.70 | -0.40 ± 0.83 | -0.58 ± 1.17 |
| Atlantic and Arctic | -1.32 ± 0.67 | -1.23 ± 0.65 | -0.60 ± 0.57 |
| Eurasia and Africa | 0.14 ± 0.76 | 0.24 ± 0.78 | -0.06 ± 1.08 |
| Indian Ocean | -0.55 ± 0.39 | -0.47 ± 0.40 | -0.51 ± 0.26 |
| Asia | -0.68 ± 0.87 | -0.71 ± 0.98 | -1.05 ± 1.36 |
| Pacific Ocean | -0.68 ± 0.82 | -0.41 ± 0.81 | -0.53 ± 0.61 |
| All Land | -0.99 ± 1.45 | -0.87 ± 1.66 | -1.70 ± 2.11 |
| All Ocean | -3.06 ± 1.25 | -2.39 ± 1.16 | -1.82 ± 1.08 |
| Global | -4.05 ± 1.92 | -3.26 ± 2.02 | -3.52 ± 2.38 |
| North America | -0.66 ± 0.38 | -0.63 ± 0.45 | -0.72 ± 0.57 |
| Extratropical Eurasia | -0.94 ± 1.05 | -0.90 ± 1.12 | -1.43 ± 1.52 |
| Temperate Northern Ocean | -1.13 ± 0.77 | -0.98 ± 0.70 | -0.80 ± 0.58 |
| Temperate Southern Ocean | -1.56 ± 0.56 | -1.54 ± 0.58 | -1.34 ± 0.63 |
| Tropical and Southern Land | 0.61 ± 0.86 | 0.67 ± 1.07 | 0.45 ± 1.35 |
| Tropical Pacific | 0.47 ± 0.43 | 0.56 ± 0.47 | 0.43 ± 0.23 |
| Temperate Oceans | -2.69 ± 0.96 | -2.52 ± 0.91 | -2.14 ± 0.81 |
| High Latitude Oceans | -0.98 ± 0.57 | -0.66 ± 0.46 | -0.46 ± 0.34 |
| Extratropical Oceans | -3.67 ± 1.15 | -3.18 ± 1.03 | -2.60 ± 0.94 |
| Tropical and Southern Oceans | -1.46 ± 0.85 | -1.04 ± 0.86 | -0.74 ± 0.84 |
| Northern Boreal Land | -0.93 ± 0.77 | -0.87 ± 0.88 | -0.94 ± 1.23 |
| Northern Temperate Land | -0.67 ± 0.83 | -0.67 ± 0.84 | -1.20 ± 1.03 |
| Tropical land minus northern land | 1.89 ± 1.27 | 1.80 ± 1.38 | 2.53 ± 1.85 |
| High North Ocean and Boreal Land | -1.39 ± 0.87 | -1.25 ± 0.94 | -1.23 ± 1.24 |
| Northern Temperate Land and Ocean | -1.80 ± 1.14 | -1.65 ± 1.10 | -2.00 ± 1.18 |
| Southern Temperate Land and Ocean | -1.24 ± 0.75 | -1.13 ± 0.81 | -1.27 ± 1.21 |
| Tropical and Southern Land and Ocean | -0.85 ± 1.22 | -0.37 ± 1.39 | -0.29 ± 1.59 |
| Tropics and south minus north | 2.34 ± 1.84 | 2.53 ± 1.97 | 2.94 ± 2.34 |
| Tropical and southern land minus northern land | 2.21 ± 1.39 | 2.21 ± 1.57 | 2.59 ± 2.12 |
Table 20: Long-term mean fossil fuel emissions used in CT2022 compared to CT2008, including average fluxes computed over common time periods..
Table 21: Long-term mean natural flux (biosphere + ocean + fire) from CT2022 compared to CT2007B, including average fluxes computed over common time periods. The uncertainty listed is the one standard deviation level from the ensemble Kalman filter estimate. Units are PgC yr-1.
| 2001-2020 | 2001-2006 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Transcom region | CT2022 | CT2022 | CT2007B |
| North American Boreal | -0.25 ± 0.27 | -0.15 ± 0.32 | -0.14 ± 0.37 |
| North American Temperate | -0.41 ± 0.26 | -0.45 ± 0.33 | -0.54 ± 0.52 |
| South American Tropical | 0.24 ± 0.44 | 0.20 ± 0.53 | 0.08 ± 0.68 |
| South American Temperate | -0.03 ± 0.37 | -0.03 ± 0.40 | -0.03 ± 0.76 |
| Northern Africa | -0.14 ± 0.35 | -0.12 ± 0.38 | 0.03 ± 0.50 |
| Southern Africa | 0.33 ± 0.24 | 0.33 ± 0.28 | 0.21 ± 0.59 |
| Eurasia Boreal | -0.68 ± 0.72 | -0.72 ± 0.87 | -0.64 ± 1.10 |
| Eurasia Temperate | -0.21 ± 0.46 | -0.23 ± 0.50 | -0.32 ± 0.54 |
| Tropical Asia | 0.19 ± 0.14 | 0.13 ± 0.19 | 0.20 ± 0.20 |
| Australia | 0.02 ± 0.10 | 0.05 ± 0.11 | -0.10 ± 0.31 |
| Europe | -0.05 ± 0.62 | 0.04 ± 0.62 | -0.30 ± 0.79 |
| North Pacific Temperate | -0.68 ± 0.63 | -0.55 ± 0.55 | -0.39 ± 0.37 |
| West Pacific Tropical | -0.02 ± 0.09 | -0.01 ± 0.09 | 0.02 ± 0.02 |
| East Pacific Tropical | 0.48 ± 0.43 | 0.60 ± 0.49 | 0.38 ± 0.23 |
| South Pacific Temperate | -0.46 ± 0.35 | -0.34 ± 0.36 | -0.49 ± 0.45 |
| Northern Ocean | -0.46 ± 0.37 | -0.38 ± 0.33 | -0.27 ± 0.19 |
| North Atlantic Temperate | -0.45 ± 0.46 | -0.37 ± 0.44 | -0.40 ± 0.39 |
| Atlantic Tropical | 0.08 ± 0.20 | 0.12 ± 0.25 | 0.19 ± 0.15 |
| South Atlantic Temperate | -0.49 ± 0.24 | -0.56 ± 0.29 | -0.14 ± 0.23 |
| Southern Ocean | -0.51 ± 0.42 | -0.30 ± 0.31 | -0.22 ± 0.32 |
| Indian Tropical | 0.06 ± 0.21 | 0.12 ± 0.27 | 0.16 ± 0.13 |
| South Indian Temperate | -0.61 ± 0.33 | -0.57 ± 0.31 | -0.64 ± 0.24 |
| Not optimized | -0.00 ± 0.00 | -0.00 ± 0.00 | -0.00 ± 0.00 |
| 2001-2020 | 2001-2006 | ||
| Aggregated Transcom region | CT2022 | CT2022 | CT2007B |
| Northern Land | -1.60 ± 1.11 | -1.51 ± 1.24 | -1.94 ± 1.64 |
| Northern Oceans | -1.59 ± 0.87 | -1.30 ± 0.77 | -1.05 ± 0.58 |
| Northern | -3.19 ± 1.42 | -2.81 ± 1.46 | -3.00 ± 1.74 |
| Tropical Land | 0.29 ± 0.62 | 0.22 ± 0.76 | 0.30 ± 0.86 |
| Tropical Ocean | 0.61 ± 0.50 | 0.83 ± 0.58 | 0.74 ± 0.35 |
| Tropical | 0.90 ± 0.80 | 1.05 ± 0.96 | 1.05 ± 0.93 |
| Southern Land | 0.32 ± 0.50 | 0.35 ± 0.57 | 0.08 ± 1.01 |
| Ocean in South | -2.07 ± 0.69 | -1.77 ± 0.66 | -1.49 ± 0.66 |
| Southern | -1.75 ± 0.86 | -1.42 ± 0.88 | -1.41 ± 1.21 |
| Americas | -0.45 ± 0.70 | -0.42 ± 0.84 | -0.63 ± 1.21 |
| Atlantic and Arctic | -1.32 ± 0.67 | -1.19 ± 0.65 | -0.62 ± 0.55 |
| Eurasia and Africa | 0.14 ± 0.76 | 0.25 ± 0.80 | -0.06 ± 1.10 |
| Indian Ocean | -0.55 ± 0.39 | -0.46 ± 0.40 | -0.48 ± 0.26 |
| Asia | -0.68 ± 0.87 | -0.76 ± 1.03 | -0.87 ± 1.30 |
| Pacific Ocean | -0.68 ± 0.82 | -0.29 ± 0.80 | -0.48 ± 0.62 |
| All Land | -0.99 ± 1.45 | -0.94 ± 1.74 | -1.56 ± 2.11 |
| All Ocean | -3.06 ± 1.25 | -2.24 ± 1.16 | -1.80 ± 1.09 |
| Global | -4.05 ± 1.92 | -3.18 ± 2.08 | -3.36 ± 2.37 |
| North America | -0.66 ± 0.38 | -0.60 ± 0.47 | -0.68 ± 0.64 |
| Extratropical Eurasia | -0.94 ± 1.05 | -0.91 ± 1.18 | -1.26 ± 1.50 |
| Temperate Northern Ocean | -1.13 ± 0.77 | -0.92 ± 0.69 | -0.78 ± 0.56 |
| Temperate Southern Ocean | -1.56 ± 0.56 | -1.47 ± 0.58 | -1.27 ± 0.63 |
| Tropical and Southern Land | 0.61 ± 0.86 | 0.57 ± 1.12 | 0.38 ± 1.33 |
| Tropical Pacific | 0.47 ± 0.43 | 0.59 ± 0.50 | 0.40 ± 0.24 |
| Temperate Oceans | -2.69 ± 0.96 | -2.39 ± 0.91 | -2.05 ± 0.79 |
| High Latitude Oceans | -0.98 ± 0.57 | -0.68 ± 0.45 | -0.50 ± 0.36 |
| Extratropical Oceans | -3.67 ± 1.15 | -3.07 ± 1.02 | -2.55 ± 0.93 |
| Tropical and Southern Oceans | -1.46 ± 0.85 | -0.94 ± 0.87 | -0.75 ± 0.87 |
| Northern Boreal Land | -0.93 ± 0.77 | -0.87 ± 0.92 | -0.78 ± 1.17 |
| Northern Temperate Land | -0.67 ± 0.83 | -0.64 ± 0.86 | -1.16 ± 1.10 |
| Tropical land minus northern land | 1.89 ± 1.27 | 1.72 ± 1.44 | 2.25 ± 1.86 |
| High North Ocean and Boreal Land | -1.39 ± 0.87 | -1.25 ± 0.98 | -1.05 ± 1.18 |
| Northern Temperate Land and Ocean | -1.80 ± 1.14 | -1.55 ± 1.10 | -1.94 ± 1.24 |
| Southern Temperate Land and Ocean | -1.24 ± 0.75 | -1.12 ± 0.82 | -1.19 ± 1.20 |
| Tropical and Southern Land and Ocean | -0.85 ± 1.22 | -0.37 ± 1.42 | -0.37 ± 1.59 |
| Tropics and south minus north | 2.34 ± 1.84 | 2.43 ± 2.01 | 2.63 ± 2.34 |
| Tropical and southern land minus northern land | 2.21 ± 1.39 | 2.07 ± 1.63 | 2.33 ± 2.12 |
Table 22: Long-term mean fossil fuel emissions used in CT2022 compared to CT2007B, including average fluxes computed over common time periods..
Table 23: Long-term mean natural flux (biosphere + ocean + fire) from CT2019B compared to CT2017, including average fluxes computed over common time periods. The uncertainty listed is the one standard deviation level from the ensemble Kalman filter estimate. Units are PgC yr-1.
| 2001-2018 | 2001-2016 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Transcom region | CT2019B | CT2019B | CT2017 |
| North American Boreal | -0.24 ± 0.28 | -0.24 ± 0.29 | -0.21 ± 0.83 |
| North American Temperate | -0.34 ± 0.28 | -0.33 ± 0.27 | -0.30 ± 0.56 |
| South American Tropical | 0.25 ± 0.53 | 0.26 ± 0.56 | 0.28 ± 1.44 |
| South American Temperate | -0.05 ± 0.37 | -0.04 ± 0.37 | -0.07 ± 1.06 |
| Northern Africa | -0.16 ± 0.35 | -0.17 ± 0.35 | -0.20 ± 1.13 |
| Southern Africa | 0.28 ± 0.29 | 0.28 ± 0.30 | 0.06 ± 0.68 |
| Eurasia Boreal | -0.71 ± 0.80 | -0.70 ± 0.77 | -0.80 ± 2.27 |
| Eurasia Temperate | -0.54 ± 0.50 | -0.55 ± 0.50 | -0.68 ± 1.78 |
| Tropical Asia | 0.21 ± 0.14 | 0.22 ± 0.14 | 0.12 ± 0.45 |
| Australia | 0.03 ± 0.10 | 0.03 ± 0.10 | 0.06 ± 0.33 |
| Europe | -0.06 ± 0.60 | -0.06 ± 0.59 | 0.06 ± 2.02 |
| North Pacific Temperate | -0.68 ± 0.61 | -0.66 ± 0.59 | -0.52 ± 0.41 |
| West Pacific Tropical | -0.01 ± 0.09 | 0.00 ± 0.09 | -0.00 ± 0.08 |
| East Pacific Tropical | 0.37 ± 0.42 | 0.37 ± 0.44 | 0.36 ± 0.43 |
| South Pacific Temperate | -0.54 ± 0.37 | -0.52 ± 0.37 | -0.47 ± 0.34 |
| Northern Ocean | -0.42 ± 0.34 | -0.43 ± 0.34 | -0.40 ± 0.27 |
| North Atlantic Temperate | -0.33 ± 0.40 | -0.31 ± 0.39 | -0.29 ± 0.32 |
| Atlantic Tropical | 0.06 ± 0.17 | 0.07 ± 0.17 | 0.10 ± 0.15 |
| South Atlantic Temperate | -0.47 ± 0.26 | -0.46 ± 0.26 | -0.42 ± 0.22 |
| Southern Ocean | -0.55 ± 0.39 | -0.53 ± 0.37 | -0.50 ± 0.29 |
| Indian Tropical | 0.05 ± 0.18 | 0.05 ± 0.19 | 0.10 ± 0.18 |
| South Indian Temperate | -0.46 ± 0.31 | -0.43 ± 0.29 | -0.40 ± 0.25 |
| Not optimized | -0.00 ± 0.00 | -0.00 ± 0.00 | -0.00 ± 0.00 |
| 2001-2018 | 2001-2016 | ||
| Aggregated Transcom region | CT2019B | CT2019B | CT2017 |
| Northern Land | -1.89 ± 1.18 | -1.87 ± 1.16 | -1.93 ± 3.72 |
| Northern Oceans | -1.43 ± 0.82 | -1.40 ± 0.81 | -1.21 ± 0.59 |
| Northern | -3.32 ± 1.44 | -3.28 ± 1.42 | -3.14 ± 3.76 |
| Tropical Land | 0.30 ± 0.69 | 0.31 ± 0.72 | 0.20 ± 1.90 |
| Tropical Ocean | 0.47 ± 0.49 | 0.49 ± 0.51 | 0.55 ± 0.47 |
| Tropical | 0.77 ± 0.85 | 0.80 ± 0.88 | 0.75 ± 1.94 |
| Southern Land | 0.26 ± 0.53 | 0.27 ± 0.55 | 0.05 ± 1.35 |
| Ocean in South | -2.01 ± 0.67 | -1.95 ± 0.65 | -1.80 ± 0.66 |
| Southern | -1.75 ± 0.87 | -1.68 ± 0.86 | -1.75 ± 1.50 |
| Americas | -0.37 ± 0.83 | -0.35 ± 0.85 | -0.30 ± 2.13 |
| Atlantic and Arctic | -1.15 ± 0.60 | -1.14 ± 0.60 | -1.02 ± 0.49 |
| Eurasia and Africa | 0.05 ± 0.78 | 0.06 ± 0.79 | -0.08 ± 2.42 |
| Indian Ocean | -0.41 ± 0.36 | -0.38 ± 0.35 | -0.30 ± 0.30 |
| Asia | -1.02 ± 0.96 | -1.01 ± 0.93 | -1.29 ± 2.97 |
| Pacific Ocean | -0.86 ± 0.79 | -0.81 ± 0.78 | -0.63 ± 0.67 |
| All Land | -1.34 ± 1.62 | -1.30 ± 1.63 | -1.68 ± 4.47 |
| All Ocean | -2.97 ± 1.14 | -2.86 ± 1.11 | -2.46 ± 1.03 |
| Global | -4.31 ± 1.96 | -4.16 ± 1.95 | -4.14 ± 4.57 |
| North America | -0.57 ± 0.40 | -0.57 ± 0.40 | -0.51 ± 1.01 |
| Extratropical Eurasia | -1.32 ± 1.12 | -1.31 ± 1.09 | -1.42 ± 3.57 |
| Temperate Northern Ocean | -1.01 ± 0.72 | -0.97 ± 0.71 | -0.81 ± 0.51 |
| Temperate Southern Ocean | -1.46 ± 0.58 | -1.42 ± 0.58 | -1.30 ± 0.56 |
| Tropical and Southern Land | 0.56 ± 1.03 | 0.58 ± 1.07 | 0.25 ± 2.46 |
| Tropical Pacific | 0.36 ± 0.43 | 0.38 ± 0.44 | 0.36 ± 0.44 |
| Temperate Oceans | -2.48 ± 0.89 | -2.39 ± 0.87 | -2.11 ± 0.74 |
| High Latitude Oceans | -0.97 ± 0.53 | -0.97 ± 0.52 | -0.90 ± 0.39 |
| Extratropical Oceans | -3.44 ± 1.05 | -3.35 ± 1.02 | -3.01 ± 0.86 |
| Tropical and Southern Oceans | -1.54 ± 0.85 | -1.46 ± 0.84 | -1.25 ± 0.90 |
| Northern Boreal Land | -0.95 ± 0.85 | -0.94 ± 0.83 | -1.01 ± 2.44 |
| Northern Temperate Land | -0.95 ± 0.84 | -0.93 ± 0.84 | -0.92 ± 2.76 |
| Tropical land minus northern land | 2.19 ± 1.35 | 2.18 ± 1.34 | 2.14 ± 4.18 |
| High North Ocean and Boreal Land | -1.36 ± 0.93 | -1.38 ± 0.91 | -1.41 ± 2.46 |
| Northern Temperate Land and Ocean | -1.96 ± 1.11 | -1.90 ± 1.09 | -1.73 ± 2.81 |
| Southern Temperate Land and Ocean | -1.21 ± 0.80 | -1.15 ± 0.80 | -1.25 ± 1.46 |
| Tropical and Southern Land and Ocean | -0.99 ± 1.34 | -0.89 ± 1.37 | -1.00 ± 2.60 |
| Tropics and south minus north | 2.34 ± 1.98 | 2.39 ± 1.99 | 2.14 ± 4.62 |
| Tropical and southern land minus northern land | 2.45 ± 1.53 | 2.45 ± 1.53 | 2.19 ± 4.47 |
Table 24: Long-term mean fossil fuel emissions used in CT2019B compared to CT2017, including average fluxes computed over common time periods..
Table 25: Long-term mean natural flux (biosphere + ocean + fire) from CT2019B compared to CT2016, including average fluxes computed over common time periods. The uncertainty listed is the one standard deviation level from the ensemble Kalman filter estimate. Units are PgC yr-1.
| 2001-2018 | 2001-2015 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Transcom region | CT2019B | CT2019B | CT2016 |
| North American Boreal | -0.24 ± 0.28 | -0.24 ± 0.29 | -0.14 ± 0.87 |
| North American Temperate | -0.34 ± 0.28 | -0.33 ± 0.27 | -0.35 ± 0.90 |
| South American Tropical | 0.25 ± 0.53 | 0.22 ± 0.56 | 0.17 ± 1.61 |
| South American Temperate | -0.05 ± 0.37 | -0.04 ± 0.37 | -0.11 ± 0.86 |
| Northern Africa | -0.16 ± 0.35 | -0.18 ± 0.36 | -0.19 ± 1.32 |
| Southern Africa | 0.28 ± 0.29 | 0.27 ± 0.29 | 0.11 ± 0.64 |
| Eurasia Boreal | -0.71 ± 0.80 | -0.70 ± 0.78 | -1.00 ± 4.23 |
| Eurasia Temperate | -0.54 ± 0.50 | -0.54 ± 0.50 | -0.43 ± 1.61 |
| Tropical Asia | 0.21 ± 0.14 | 0.23 ± 0.13 | 0.09 ± 0.68 |
| Australia | 0.03 ± 0.10 | 0.03 ± 0.10 | 0.12 ± 0.25 |
| Europe | -0.06 ± 0.60 | -0.07 ± 0.60 | 0.10 ± 2.30 |
| North Pacific Temperate | -0.68 ± 0.61 | -0.65 ± 0.59 | -0.55 ± 0.51 |
| West Pacific Tropical | -0.01 ± 0.09 | 0.00 ± 0.09 | -0.01 ± 0.10 |
| East Pacific Tropical | 0.37 ± 0.42 | 0.37 ± 0.43 | 0.43 ± 0.42 |
| South Pacific Temperate | -0.54 ± 0.37 | -0.53 ± 0.38 | -0.47 ± 0.43 |
| Northern Ocean | -0.42 ± 0.34 | -0.42 ± 0.34 | -0.27 ± 0.27 |
| North Atlantic Temperate | -0.33 ± 0.40 | -0.29 ± 0.39 | -0.27 ± 0.34 |
| Atlantic Tropical | 0.06 ± 0.17 | 0.06 ± 0.17 | 0.10 ± 0.13 |
| South Atlantic Temperate | -0.47 ± 0.26 | -0.47 ± 0.26 | -0.38 ± 0.27 |
| Southern Ocean | -0.55 ± 0.39 | -0.52 ± 0.36 | -0.43 ± 0.33 |
| Indian Tropical | 0.05 ± 0.18 | 0.05 ± 0.19 | 0.12 ± 0.19 |
| South Indian Temperate | -0.46 ± 0.31 | -0.42 ± 0.29 | -0.62 ± 0.45 |
| Not optimized | -0.00 ± 0.00 | -0.00 ± 0.00 | -0.00 ± 0.00 |
| 2001-2018 | 2001-2015 | ||
| Aggregated Transcom region | CT2019B | CT2019B | CT2016 |
| Northern Land | -1.89 ± 1.18 | -1.89 ± 1.16 | -1.83 ± 5.27 |
| Northern Oceans | -1.43 ± 0.82 | -1.37 ± 0.80 | -1.10 ± 0.68 |
| Northern | -3.32 ± 1.44 | -3.26 ± 1.41 | -2.93 ± 5.32 |
| Tropical Land | 0.30 ± 0.69 | 0.26 ± 0.72 | 0.07 ± 2.19 |
| Tropical Ocean | 0.47 ± 0.49 | 0.48 ± 0.50 | 0.64 ± 0.49 |
| Tropical | 0.77 ± 0.85 | 0.75 ± 0.88 | 0.71 ± 2.25 |
| Southern Land | 0.26 ± 0.53 | 0.26 ± 0.54 | 0.12 ± 1.11 |
| Ocean in South | -2.01 ± 0.67 | -1.94 ± 0.65 | -1.90 ± 0.82 |
| Southern | -1.75 ± 0.87 | -1.68 ± 0.85 | -1.78 ± 1.38 |
| Americas | -0.37 ± 0.83 | -0.39 ± 0.86 | -0.43 ± 2.24 |
| Atlantic and Arctic | -1.15 ± 0.60 | -1.12 ± 0.60 | -0.82 ± 0.54 |
| Eurasia and Africa | 0.05 ± 0.78 | 0.02 ± 0.79 | 0.02 ± 2.73 |
| Indian Ocean | -0.41 ± 0.36 | -0.37 ± 0.34 | -0.51 ± 0.48 |
| Asia | -1.02 ± 0.96 | -0.99 ± 0.93 | -1.22 ± 4.59 |
| Pacific Ocean | -0.86 ± 0.79 | -0.81 ± 0.78 | -0.60 ± 0.79 |
| All Land | -1.34 ± 1.62 | -1.37 ± 1.63 | -1.64 ± 5.82 |
| All Ocean | -2.97 ± 1.14 | -2.82 ± 1.11 | -2.36 ± 1.20 |
| Global | -4.31 ± 1.96 | -4.19 ± 1.95 | -4.00 ± 5.94 |
| North America | -0.57 ± 0.40 | -0.57 ± 0.41 | -0.49 ± 1.25 |
| Extratropical Eurasia | -1.32 ± 1.12 | -1.31 ± 1.09 | -1.34 ± 5.10 |
| Temperate Northern Ocean | -1.01 ± 0.72 | -0.95 ± 0.70 | -0.82 ± 0.62 |
| Temperate Southern Ocean | -1.46 ± 0.58 | -1.42 ± 0.58 | -1.48 ± 0.75 |
| Tropical and Southern Land | 0.56 ± 1.03 | 0.52 ± 1.07 | 0.19 ± 2.46 |
| Tropical Pacific | 0.36 ± 0.43 | 0.37 ± 0.44 | 0.42 ± 0.44 |
| Temperate Oceans | -2.48 ± 0.89 | -2.37 ± 0.87 | -2.30 ± 0.97 |
| High Latitude Oceans | -0.97 ± 0.53 | -0.94 ± 0.52 | -0.70 ± 0.42 |
| Extratropical Oceans | -3.44 ± 1.05 | -3.31 ± 1.02 | -3.00 ± 1.09 |
| Tropical and Southern Oceans | -1.54 ± 0.85 | -1.45 ± 0.83 | -1.26 ± 0.97 |
| Northern Boreal Land | -0.95 ± 0.85 | -0.95 ± 0.83 | -1.14 ± 4.34 |
| Northern Temperate Land | -0.95 ± 0.84 | -0.94 ± 0.84 | -0.69 ± 2.98 |
| Tropical land minus northern land | 2.19 ± 1.35 | 2.15 ± 1.34 | 1.89 ± 5.72 |
| High North Ocean and Boreal Land | -1.36 ± 0.93 | -1.37 ± 0.91 | -1.41 ± 4.34 |
| Northern Temperate Land and Ocean | -1.96 ± 1.11 | -1.89 ± 1.09 | -1.51 ± 3.05 |
| Southern Temperate Land and Ocean | -1.21 ± 0.80 | -1.16 ± 0.80 | -1.35 ± 1.34 |
| Tropical and Southern Land and Ocean | -0.99 ± 1.34 | -0.93 ± 1.37 | -1.07 ± 2.64 |
| Tropics and south minus north | 2.34 ± 1.98 | 2.32 ± 1.98 | 1.85 ± 5.94 |
| Tropical and southern land minus northern land | 2.45 ± 1.53 | 2.41 ± 1.53 | 2.02 ± 5.82 |
Table 26: Long-term mean fossil fuel emissions used in CT2019B compared to CT2016, including average fluxes computed over common time periods..
Table 27: Long-term mean natural flux (biosphere + ocean + fire) from CT2019B compared to CT2015, including average fluxes computed over common time periods. The uncertainty listed is the one standard deviation level from the ensemble Kalman filter estimate. Units are PgC yr-1.
| 2001-2018 | 2001-2014 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Transcom region | CT2019B | CT2019B | CT2015 |
| North American Boreal | -0.24 ± 0.28 | -0.25 ± 0.30 | -0.13 ± 0.86 |
| North American Temperate | -0.34 ± 0.28 | -0.33 ± 0.28 | -0.36 ± 0.91 |
| South American Tropical | 0.25 ± 0.53 | 0.23 ± 0.55 | 0.36 ± 1.58 |
| South American Temperate | -0.05 ± 0.37 | -0.05 ± 0.37 | -0.14 ± 0.86 |
| Northern Africa | -0.16 ± 0.35 | -0.19 ± 0.36 | -0.16 ± 1.40 |
| Southern Africa | 0.28 ± 0.29 | 0.27 ± 0.30 | -0.09 ± 0.69 |
| Eurasia Boreal | -0.71 ± 0.80 | -0.69 ± 0.78 | -0.98 ± 4.23 |
| Eurasia Temperate | -0.54 ± 0.50 | -0.56 ± 0.49 | -0.53 ± 1.60 |
| Tropical Asia | 0.21 ± 0.14 | 0.22 ± 0.14 | 0.24 ± 0.70 |
| Australia | 0.03 ± 0.10 | 0.03 ± 0.10 | 0.09 ± 0.27 |
| Europe | -0.06 ± 0.60 | -0.07 ± 0.60 | 0.06 ± 2.32 |
| North Pacific Temperate | -0.68 ± 0.61 | -0.64 ± 0.59 | -0.54 ± 0.50 |
| West Pacific Tropical | -0.01 ± 0.09 | 0.00 ± 0.09 | 0.00 ± 0.10 |
| East Pacific Tropical | 0.37 ± 0.42 | 0.37 ± 0.43 | 0.42 ± 0.42 |
| South Pacific Temperate | -0.54 ± 0.37 | -0.52 ± 0.38 | -0.47 ± 0.43 |
| Northern Ocean | -0.42 ± 0.34 | -0.41 ± 0.34 | -0.25 ± 0.25 |
| North Atlantic Temperate | -0.33 ± 0.40 | -0.29 ± 0.39 | -0.27 ± 0.34 |
| Atlantic Tropical | 0.06 ± 0.17 | 0.06 ± 0.18 | 0.11 ± 0.13 |
| South Atlantic Temperate | -0.47 ± 0.26 | -0.48 ± 0.27 | -0.41 ± 0.28 |
| Southern Ocean | -0.55 ± 0.39 | -0.51 ± 0.36 | -0.43 ± 0.32 |
| Indian Tropical | 0.05 ± 0.18 | 0.04 ± 0.19 | 0.13 ± 0.19 |
| South Indian Temperate | -0.46 ± 0.31 | -0.42 ± 0.28 | -0.63 ± 0.45 |
| Not optimized | -0.00 ± 0.00 | -0.00 ± 0.00 | -0.00 ± 0.00 |
| 2001-2018 | 2001-2014 | ||
| Aggregated Transcom region | CT2019B | CT2019B | CT2015 |
| Northern Land | -1.89 ± 1.18 | -1.90 ± 1.17 | -1.93 ± 5.28 |
| Northern Oceans | -1.43 ± 0.82 | -1.35 ± 0.80 | -1.06 ± 0.66 |
| Northern | -3.32 ± 1.44 | -3.25 ± 1.42 | -2.99 ± 5.32 |
| Tropical Land | 0.30 ± 0.69 | 0.25 ± 0.72 | 0.45 ± 2.22 |
| Tropical Ocean | 0.47 ± 0.49 | 0.48 ± 0.50 | 0.67 ± 0.49 |
| Tropical | 0.77 ± 0.85 | 0.73 ± 0.89 | 1.12 ± 2.27 |
| Southern Land | 0.26 ± 0.53 | 0.24 ± 0.55 | -0.15 ± 1.14 |
| Ocean in South | -2.01 ± 0.67 | -1.94 ± 0.65 | -1.94 ± 0.82 |
| Southern | -1.75 ± 0.87 | -1.69 ± 0.86 | -2.09 ± 1.41 |
| Americas | -0.37 ± 0.83 | -0.41 ± 0.87 | -0.27 ± 2.21 |
| Atlantic and Arctic | -1.15 ± 0.60 | -1.12 ± 0.60 | -0.82 ± 0.53 |
| Eurasia and Africa | 0.05 ± 0.78 | 0.01 ± 0.80 | -0.19 ± 2.81 |
| Indian Ocean | -0.41 ± 0.36 | -0.38 ± 0.34 | -0.50 ± 0.49 |
| Asia | -1.02 ± 0.96 | -1.00 ± 0.94 | -1.17 ± 4.59 |
| Pacific Ocean | -0.86 ± 0.79 | -0.79 ± 0.78 | -0.59 ± 0.78 |
| All Land | -1.34 ± 1.62 | -1.41 ± 1.65 | -1.63 ± 5.84 |
| All Ocean | -2.97 ± 1.14 | -2.80 ± 1.11 | -2.33 ± 1.19 |
| Global | -4.31 ± 1.96 | -4.21 ± 1.97 | -3.96 ± 5.96 |
| North America | -0.57 ± 0.40 | -0.58 ± 0.41 | -0.49 ± 1.25 |
| Extratropical Eurasia | -1.32 ± 1.12 | -1.32 ± 1.10 | -1.45 ± 5.10 |
| Temperate Northern Ocean | -1.01 ± 0.72 | -0.93 ± 0.69 | -0.81 ± 0.61 |
| Temperate Southern Ocean | -1.46 ± 0.58 | -1.43 ± 0.57 | -1.52 ± 0.75 |
| Tropical and Southern Land | 0.56 ± 1.03 | 0.50 ± 1.08 | 0.30 ± 2.50 |
| Tropical Pacific | 0.36 ± 0.43 | 0.37 ± 0.44 | 0.42 ± 0.44 |
| Temperate Oceans | -2.48 ± 0.89 | -2.36 ± 0.87 | -2.32 ± 0.97 |
| High Latitude Oceans | -0.97 ± 0.53 | -0.93 ± 0.52 | -0.68 ± 0.41 |
| Extratropical Oceans | -3.44 ± 1.05 | -3.29 ± 1.02 | -3.00 ± 1.08 |
| Tropical and Southern Oceans | -1.54 ± 0.85 | -1.46 ± 0.83 | -1.28 ± 0.97 |
| Northern Boreal Land | -0.95 ± 0.85 | -0.94 ± 0.84 | -1.11 ± 4.33 |
| Northern Temperate Land | -0.95 ± 0.84 | -0.96 ± 0.85 | -0.83 ± 3.00 |
| Tropical land minus northern land | 2.19 ± 1.35 | 2.15 ± 1.34 | 2.39 ± 5.73 |
| High North Ocean and Boreal Land | -1.36 ± 0.93 | -1.35 ± 0.92 | -1.36 ± 4.34 |
| Northern Temperate Land and Ocean | -1.96 ± 1.11 | -1.90 ± 1.09 | -1.64 ± 3.06 |
| Southern Temperate Land and Ocean | -1.21 ± 0.80 | -1.18 ± 0.80 | -1.66 ± 1.37 |
| Tropical and Southern Land and Ocean | -0.99 ± 1.34 | -0.96 ± 1.37 | -0.97 ± 2.68 |
| Tropics and south minus north | 2.34 ± 1.98 | 2.29 ± 1.98 | 2.02 ± 5.96 |
| Tropical and southern land minus northern land | 2.45 ± 1.53 | 2.40 ± 1.53 | 2.24 ± 5.85 |
Table 28: Long-term mean fossil fuel emissions used in CT2019B compared to CT2015, including average fluxes computed over common time periods..
Table 29: Long-term mean natural flux (biosphere + ocean + fire) from CT2019B compared to CT2013B, including average fluxes computed over common time periods. The uncertainty listed is the one standard deviation level from the ensemble Kalman filter estimate. Units are PgC yr-1.
| 2001-2018 | 2001-2012 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Transcom region | CT2019B | CT2019B | CT2013B |
| North American Boreal | -0.24 ± 0.28 | -0.23 ± 0.31 | -0.13 ± 0.94 |
| North American Temperate | -0.34 ± 0.28 | -0.31 ± 0.28 | -0.14 ± 0.89 |
| South American Tropical | 0.25 ± 0.53 | 0.24 ± 0.53 | -0.04 ± 1.70 |
| South American Temperate | -0.05 ± 0.37 | -0.04 ± 0.39 | -0.09 ± 1.10 |
| Northern Africa | -0.16 ± 0.35 | -0.17 ± 0.36 | -0.10 ± 1.06 |
| Southern Africa | 0.28 ± 0.29 | 0.29 ± 0.31 | 0.06 ± 1.17 |
| Eurasia Boreal | -0.71 ± 0.80 | -0.69 ± 0.80 | -0.97 ± 3.98 |
| Eurasia Temperate | -0.54 ± 0.50 | -0.58 ± 0.51 | -0.38 ± 1.40 |
| Tropical Asia | 0.21 ± 0.14 | 0.21 ± 0.15 | 0.09 ± 0.61 |
| Australia | 0.03 ± 0.10 | 0.03 ± 0.11 | -0.00 ± 0.34 |
| Europe | -0.06 ± 0.60 | -0.04 ± 0.60 | -0.12 ± 2.04 |
| North Pacific Temperate | -0.68 ± 0.61 | -0.65 ± 0.59 | -0.52 ± 0.44 |
| West Pacific Tropical | -0.01 ± 0.09 | -0.00 ± 0.09 | 0.03 ± 0.09 |
| East Pacific Tropical | 0.37 ± 0.42 | 0.38 ± 0.43 | 0.41 ± 0.40 |
| South Pacific Temperate | -0.54 ± 0.37 | -0.51 ± 0.38 | -0.52 ± 0.50 |
| Northern Ocean | -0.42 ± 0.34 | -0.41 ± 0.33 | -0.30 ± 0.28 |
| North Atlantic Temperate | -0.33 ± 0.40 | -0.28 ± 0.39 | -0.34 ± 0.35 |
| Atlantic Tropical | 0.06 ± 0.17 | 0.07 ± 0.18 | 0.13 ± 0.14 |
| South Atlantic Temperate | -0.47 ± 0.26 | -0.51 ± 0.28 | -0.21 ± 0.25 |
| Southern Ocean | -0.55 ± 0.39 | -0.46 ± 0.34 | -0.43 ± 0.33 |
| Indian Tropical | 0.05 ± 0.18 | 0.05 ± 0.20 | 0.14 ± 0.19 |
| South Indian Temperate | -0.46 ± 0.31 | -0.44 ± 0.27 | -0.56 ± 0.43 |
| Not optimized | -0.00 ± 0.00 | -0.00 ± 0.00 | -0.00 ± 0.00 |
| 2001-2018 | 2001-2012 | ||
| Aggregated Transcom region | CT2019B | CT2019B | CT2013B |
| Northern Land | -1.89 ± 1.18 | -1.85 ± 1.20 | -1.75 ± 4.92 |
| Northern Oceans | -1.43 ± 0.82 | -1.34 ± 0.80 | -1.17 ± 0.62 |
| Northern | -3.32 ± 1.44 | -3.19 ± 1.44 | -2.93 ± 4.96 |
| Tropical Land | 0.30 ± 0.69 | 0.29 ± 0.71 | -0.05 ± 2.10 |
| Tropical Ocean | 0.47 ± 0.49 | 0.50 ± 0.51 | 0.70 ± 0.49 |
| Tropical | 0.77 ± 0.85 | 0.79 ± 0.88 | 0.65 ± 2.15 |
| Southern Land | 0.26 ± 0.53 | 0.28 ± 0.57 | -0.04 ± 1.64 |
| Ocean in South | -2.01 ± 0.67 | -1.92 ± 0.65 | -1.72 ± 0.84 |
| Southern | -1.75 ± 0.87 | -1.64 ± 0.87 | -1.76 ± 1.85 |
| Americas | -0.37 ± 0.83 | -0.35 ± 0.86 | -0.41 ± 2.41 |
| Atlantic and Arctic | -1.15 ± 0.60 | -1.13 ± 0.60 | -0.73 ± 0.54 |
| Eurasia and Africa | 0.05 ± 0.78 | 0.08 ± 0.81 | -0.16 ± 2.58 |
| Indian Ocean | -0.41 ± 0.36 | -0.39 ± 0.34 | -0.41 ± 0.47 |
| Asia | -1.02 ± 0.96 | -1.01 ± 0.96 | -1.27 ± 4.27 |
| Pacific Ocean | -0.86 ± 0.79 | -0.78 ± 0.79 | -0.61 ± 0.77 |
| All Land | -1.34 ± 1.62 | -1.28 ± 1.68 | -1.85 ± 5.60 |
| All Ocean | -2.97 ± 1.14 | -2.76 ± 1.11 | -2.19 ± 1.23 |
| Global | -4.31 ± 1.96 | -4.04 ± 1.99 | -4.03 ± 5.74 |
| North America | -0.57 ± 0.40 | -0.55 ± 0.42 | -0.28 ± 1.29 |
| Extratropical Eurasia | -1.32 ± 1.12 | -1.31 ± 1.12 | -1.48 ± 4.72 |
| Temperate Northern Ocean | -1.01 ± 0.72 | -0.94 ± 0.70 | -0.87 ± 0.57 |
| Temperate Southern Ocean | -1.46 ± 0.58 | -1.46 ± 0.58 | -1.28 ± 0.78 |
| Tropical and Southern Land | 0.56 ± 1.03 | 0.57 ± 1.09 | -0.09 ± 2.67 |
| Tropical Pacific | 0.36 ± 0.43 | 0.38 ± 0.44 | 0.43 ± 0.42 |
| Temperate Oceans | -2.48 ± 0.89 | -2.40 ± 0.87 | -2.15 ± 0.97 |
| High Latitude Oceans | -0.97 ± 0.53 | -0.86 ± 0.49 | -0.74 ± 0.43 |
| Extratropical Oceans | -3.44 ± 1.05 | -3.26 ± 1.01 | -2.89 ± 1.09 |
| Tropical and Southern Oceans | -1.54 ± 0.85 | -1.42 ± 0.84 | -1.01 ± 1.02 |
| Northern Boreal Land | -0.95 ± 0.85 | -0.92 ± 0.86 | -1.11 ± 4.10 |
| Northern Temperate Land | -0.95 ± 0.84 | -0.93 ± 0.86 | -0.65 ± 2.66 |
| Tropical land minus northern land | 2.19 ± 1.35 | 2.14 ± 1.36 | 1.70 ± 5.35 |
| High North Ocean and Boreal Land | -1.36 ± 0.93 | -1.32 ± 0.93 | -1.41 ± 4.12 |
| Northern Temperate Land and Ocean | -1.96 ± 1.11 | -1.87 ± 1.10 | -1.51 ± 2.72 |
| Southern Temperate Land and Ocean | -1.21 ± 0.80 | -1.18 ± 0.82 | -1.32 ± 1.82 |
| Tropical and Southern Land and Ocean | -0.99 ± 1.34 | -0.85 ± 1.38 | -1.11 ± 2.86 |
| Tropics and south minus north | 2.34 ± 1.98 | 2.34 ± 2.00 | 1.82 ± 5.72 |
| Tropical and southern land minus northern land | 2.45 ± 1.53 | 2.42 ± 1.55 | 1.66 ± 5.60 |
Table 30: Long-term mean fossil fuel emissions used in CT2019B compared to CT2013B, including average fluxes computed over common time periods..
Table 31: Long-term mean natural flux (biosphere + ocean + fire) from CT2019B compared to CT2013, including average fluxes computed over common time periods. The uncertainty listed is the one standard deviation level from the ensemble Kalman filter estimate. Units are PgC yr-1.
| 2001-2018 | 2001-2012 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Transcom region | CT2019B | CT2019B | CT2013 |
| North American Boreal | -0.24 ± 0.28 | -0.23 ± 0.31 | -0.17 ± 0.79 |
| North American Temperate | -0.34 ± 0.28 | -0.31 ± 0.28 | -0.44 ± 0.78 |
| South American Tropical | 0.25 ± 0.53 | 0.24 ± 0.53 | 0.01 ± 1.63 |
| South American Temperate | -0.05 ± 0.37 | -0.04 ± 0.39 | 0.04 ± 1.13 |
| Northern Africa | -0.16 ± 0.35 | -0.17 ± 0.36 | -0.09 ± 1.01 |
| Southern Africa | 0.28 ± 0.29 | 0.29 ± 0.31 | 0.08 ± 1.11 |
| Eurasia Boreal | -0.71 ± 0.80 | -0.69 ± 0.80 | -0.99 ± 3.49 |
| Eurasia Temperate | -0.54 ± 0.50 | -0.58 ± 0.51 | -0.38 ± 1.33 |
| Tropical Asia | 0.21 ± 0.14 | 0.21 ± 0.15 | 0.12 ± 0.56 |
| Australia | 0.03 ± 0.10 | 0.03 ± 0.11 | 0.02 ± 0.32 |
| Europe | -0.06 ± 0.60 | -0.04 ± 0.60 | -0.38 ± 1.81 |
| North Pacific Temperate | -0.68 ± 0.61 | -0.65 ± 0.59 | -0.44 ± 0.37 |
| West Pacific Tropical | -0.01 ± 0.09 | -0.00 ± 0.09 | 0.03 ± 0.09 |
| East Pacific Tropical | 0.37 ± 0.42 | 0.38 ± 0.43 | 0.41 ± 0.40 |
| South Pacific Temperate | -0.54 ± 0.37 | -0.51 ± 0.38 | -0.54 ± 0.52 |
| Northern Ocean | -0.42 ± 0.34 | -0.41 ± 0.33 | -0.30 ± 0.26 |
| North Atlantic Temperate | -0.33 ± 0.40 | -0.28 ± 0.39 | -0.30 ± 0.32 |
| Atlantic Tropical | 0.06 ± 0.17 | 0.07 ± 0.18 | 0.13 ± 0.14 |
| South Atlantic Temperate | -0.47 ± 0.26 | -0.51 ± 0.28 | -0.18 ± 0.21 |
| Southern Ocean | -0.55 ± 0.39 | -0.46 ± 0.34 | -0.31 ± 0.28 |
| Indian Tropical | 0.05 ± 0.18 | 0.05 ± 0.20 | 0.15 ± 0.19 |
| South Indian Temperate | -0.46 ± 0.31 | -0.44 ± 0.27 | -0.53 ± 0.43 |
| Not optimized | -0.00 ± 0.00 | -0.00 ± 0.00 | -0.00 ± 0.00 |
| 2001-2018 | 2001-2012 | ||
| Aggregated Transcom region | CT2019B | CT2019B | CT2013 |
| Northern Land | -1.89 ± 1.18 | -1.85 ± 1.20 | -2.35 ± 4.36 |
| Northern Oceans | -1.43 ± 0.82 | -1.34 ± 0.80 | -1.04 ± 0.55 |
| Northern | -3.32 ± 1.44 | -3.19 ± 1.44 | -3.39 ± 4.39 |
| Tropical Land | 0.30 ± 0.69 | 0.29 ± 0.71 | 0.04 ± 2.00 |
| Tropical Ocean | 0.47 ± 0.49 | 0.50 ± 0.51 | 0.72 ± 0.49 |
| Tropical | 0.77 ± 0.85 | 0.79 ± 0.88 | 0.75 ± 2.06 |
| Southern Land | 0.26 ± 0.53 | 0.28 ± 0.57 | 0.14 ± 1.62 |
| Ocean in South | -2.01 ± 0.67 | -1.92 ± 0.65 | -1.56 ± 0.85 |
| Southern | -1.75 ± 0.87 | -1.64 ± 0.87 | -1.41 ± 1.83 |
| Americas | -0.37 ± 0.83 | -0.35 ± 0.86 | -0.56 ± 2.29 |
| Atlantic and Arctic | -1.15 ± 0.60 | -1.13 ± 0.60 | -0.64 ± 0.49 |
| Eurasia and Africa | 0.05 ± 0.78 | 0.08 ± 0.81 | -0.38 ± 2.36 |
| Indian Ocean | -0.41 ± 0.36 | -0.39 ± 0.34 | -0.39 ± 0.47 |
| Asia | -1.02 ± 0.96 | -1.01 ± 0.96 | -1.23 ± 3.80 |
| Pacific Ocean | -0.86 ± 0.79 | -0.78 ± 0.79 | -0.54 ± 0.76 |
| All Land | -1.34 ± 1.62 | -1.28 ± 1.68 | -2.17 ± 5.07 |
| All Ocean | -2.97 ± 1.14 | -2.76 ± 1.11 | -1.88 ± 1.17 |
| Global | -4.31 ± 1.96 | -4.04 ± 1.99 | -4.05 ± 5.20 |
| North America | -0.57 ± 0.40 | -0.55 ± 0.42 | -0.61 ± 1.12 |
| Extratropical Eurasia | -1.32 ± 1.12 | -1.31 ± 1.12 | -1.74 ± 4.18 |
| Temperate Northern Ocean | -1.01 ± 0.72 | -0.94 ± 0.70 | -0.74 ± 0.49 |
| Temperate Southern Ocean | -1.46 ± 0.58 | -1.46 ± 0.58 | -1.25 ± 0.81 |
| Tropical and Southern Land | 0.56 ± 1.03 | 0.57 ± 1.09 | 0.18 ± 2.58 |
| Tropical Pacific | 0.36 ± 0.43 | 0.38 ± 0.44 | 0.44 ± 0.42 |
| Temperate Oceans | -2.48 ± 0.89 | -2.40 ± 0.87 | -1.99 ± 0.94 |
| High Latitude Oceans | -0.97 ± 0.53 | -0.86 ± 0.49 | -0.61 ± 0.38 |
| Extratropical Oceans | -3.44 ± 1.05 | -3.26 ± 1.01 | -2.60 ± 1.03 |
| Tropical and Southern Oceans | -1.54 ± 0.85 | -1.42 ± 0.84 | -0.84 ± 1.03 |
| Northern Boreal Land | -0.95 ± 0.85 | -0.92 ± 0.86 | -1.16 ± 3.59 |
| Northern Temperate Land | -0.95 ± 0.84 | -0.93 ± 0.86 | -1.19 ± 2.41 |
| Tropical land minus northern land | 2.19 ± 1.35 | 2.14 ± 1.36 | 2.38 ± 4.80 |
| High North Ocean and Boreal Land | -1.36 ± 0.93 | -1.32 ± 0.93 | -1.45 ± 3.60 |
| Northern Temperate Land and Ocean | -1.96 ± 1.11 | -1.87 ± 1.10 | -1.93 ± 2.46 |
| Southern Temperate Land and Ocean | -1.21 ± 0.80 | -1.18 ± 0.82 | -1.10 ± 1.82 |
| Tropical and Southern Land and Ocean | -0.99 ± 1.34 | -0.85 ± 1.38 | -0.66 ± 2.78 |
| Tropics and south minus north | 2.34 ± 1.98 | 2.34 ± 2.00 | 2.73 ± 5.20 |
| Tropical and southern land minus northern land | 2.45 ± 1.53 | 2.42 ± 1.55 | 2.53 ± 5.07 |
Table 32: Long-term mean fossil fuel emissions used in CT2019B compared to CT2013, including average fluxes computed over common time periods..
Table 33: Long-term mean natural flux (biosphere + ocean + fire) from CT2019B compared to CT2011_oi, including average fluxes computed over common time periods. The uncertainty listed is the one standard deviation level from the ensemble Kalman filter estimate. Units are PgC yr-1.
| 2001-2018 | 2001-2010 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Transcom region | CT2019B | CT2019B | CT2011_oi |
| North American Boreal | -0.24 ± 0.28 | -0.19 ± 0.31 | -0.13 ± 0.91 |
| North American Temperate | -0.34 ± 0.28 | -0.34 ± 0.30 | -0.45 ± 0.87 |
| South American Tropical | 0.25 ± 0.53 | 0.26 ± 0.58 | 0.18 ± 1.53 |
| South American Temperate | -0.05 ± 0.37 | -0.01 ± 0.38 | 0.09 ± 1.18 |
| Northern Africa | -0.16 ± 0.35 | -0.13 ± 0.35 | -0.05 ± 0.99 |
| Southern Africa | 0.28 ± 0.29 | 0.29 ± 0.31 | 0.13 ± 1.02 |
| Eurasia Boreal | -0.71 ± 0.80 | -0.71 ± 0.84 | -0.96 ± 3.40 |
| Eurasia Temperate | -0.54 ± 0.50 | -0.58 ± 0.52 | -0.37 ± 1.35 |
| Tropical Asia | 0.21 ± 0.14 | 0.22 ± 0.16 | 0.16 ± 0.55 |
| Australia | 0.03 ± 0.10 | 0.05 ± 0.10 | -0.02 ± 0.46 |
| Europe | -0.06 ± 0.60 | -0.04 ± 0.60 | -0.35 ± 1.82 |
| North Pacific Temperate | -0.68 ± 0.61 | -0.65 ± 0.58 | -0.40 ± 0.40 |
| West Pacific Tropical | -0.01 ± 0.09 | -0.01 ± 0.09 | 0.02 ± 0.09 |
| East Pacific Tropical | 0.37 ± 0.42 | 0.40 ± 0.44 | 0.35 ± 0.35 |
| South Pacific Temperate | -0.54 ± 0.37 | -0.49 ± 0.37 | -0.58 ± 0.57 |
| Northern Ocean | -0.42 ± 0.34 | -0.38 ± 0.32 | -0.24 ± 0.23 |
| North Atlantic Temperate | -0.33 ± 0.40 | -0.26 ± 0.37 | -0.39 ± 0.39 |
| Atlantic Tropical | 0.06 ± 0.17 | 0.07 ± 0.18 | 0.18 ± 0.16 |
| South Atlantic Temperate | -0.47 ± 0.26 | -0.53 ± 0.29 | -0.17 ± 0.21 |
| Southern Ocean | -0.55 ± 0.39 | -0.40 ± 0.32 | -0.27 ± 0.26 |
| Indian Tropical | 0.05 ± 0.18 | 0.07 ± 0.20 | 0.18 ± 0.22 |
| South Indian Temperate | -0.46 ± 0.31 | -0.45 ± 0.28 | -0.67 ± 0.45 |
| Not optimized | -0.00 ± 0.00 | -0.00 ± 0.00 | -0.00 ± 0.00 |
| 2001-2018 | 2001-2010 | ||
| Aggregated Transcom region | CT2019B | CT2019B | CT2011_oi |
| Northern Land | -1.89 ± 1.18 | -1.87 ± 1.23 | -2.27 ± 4.33 |
| Northern Oceans | -1.43 ± 0.82 | -1.30 ± 0.79 | -1.02 ± 0.61 |
| Northern | -3.32 ± 1.44 | -3.17 ± 1.46 | -3.30 ± 4.37 |
| Tropical Land | 0.30 ± 0.69 | 0.35 ± 0.74 | 0.29 ± 1.90 |
| Tropical Ocean | 0.47 ± 0.49 | 0.53 ± 0.51 | 0.72 ± 0.51 |
| Tropical | 0.77 ± 0.85 | 0.88 ± 0.90 | 1.01 ± 1.97 |
| Southern Land | 0.26 ± 0.53 | 0.33 ± 0.57 | 0.20 ± 1.63 |
| Ocean in South | -2.01 ± 0.67 | -1.87 ± 0.64 | -1.69 ± 0.90 |
| Southern | -1.75 ± 0.87 | -1.55 ± 0.86 | -1.49 ± 1.87 |
| Americas | -0.37 ± 0.83 | -0.28 ± 0.90 | -0.32 ± 2.32 |
| Atlantic and Arctic | -1.15 ± 0.60 | -1.11 ± 0.60 | -0.61 ± 0.55 |
| Eurasia and Africa | 0.05 ± 0.78 | 0.11 ± 0.78 | -0.28 ± 2.31 |
| Indian Ocean | -0.41 ± 0.36 | -0.39 ± 0.34 | -0.50 ± 0.49 |
| Asia | -1.02 ± 0.96 | -1.02 ± 1.00 | -1.19 ± 3.73 |
| Pacific Ocean | -0.86 ± 0.79 | -0.75 ± 0.78 | -0.62 ± 0.76 |
| All Land | -1.34 ± 1.62 | -1.20 ± 1.72 | -1.79 ± 5.00 |
| All Ocean | -2.97 ± 1.14 | -2.64 ± 1.10 | -2.00 ± 1.23 |
| Global | -4.31 ± 1.96 | -3.83 ± 2.01 | -3.78 ± 5.15 |
| North America | -0.57 ± 0.40 | -0.54 ± 0.44 | -0.59 ± 1.27 |
| Extratropical Eurasia | -1.32 ± 1.12 | -1.33 ± 1.15 | -1.69 ± 4.12 |
| Temperate Northern Ocean | -1.01 ± 0.72 | -0.91 ± 0.69 | -0.79 ± 0.57 |
| Temperate Southern Ocean | -1.46 ± 0.58 | -1.48 ± 0.58 | -1.42 ± 0.86 |
| Tropical and Southern Land | 0.56 ± 1.03 | 0.67 ± 1.12 | 0.48 ± 2.50 |
| Tropical Pacific | 0.36 ± 0.43 | 0.40 ± 0.45 | 0.37 ± 0.37 |
| Temperate Oceans | -2.48 ± 0.89 | -2.39 ± 0.86 | -2.21 ± 1.02 |
| High Latitude Oceans | -0.97 ± 0.53 | -0.78 ± 0.47 | -0.51 ± 0.33 |
| Extratropical Oceans | -3.44 ± 1.05 | -3.17 ± 1.00 | -2.72 ± 1.14 |
| Tropical and Southern Oceans | -1.54 ± 0.85 | -1.34 ± 0.83 | -0.97 ± 1.03 |
| Northern Boreal Land | -0.95 ± 0.85 | -0.90 ± 0.90 | -1.09 ± 3.52 |
| Northern Temperate Land | -0.95 ± 0.84 | -0.97 ± 0.86 | -1.18 ± 2.46 |
| Tropical land minus northern land | 2.19 ± 1.35 | 2.22 ± 1.41 | 2.56 ± 4.74 |
| High North Ocean and Boreal Land | -1.36 ± 0.93 | -1.29 ± 0.97 | -1.33 ± 3.53 |
| Northern Temperate Land and Ocean | -1.96 ± 1.11 | -1.88 ± 1.10 | -1.96 ± 2.53 |
| Southern Temperate Land and Ocean | -1.21 ± 0.80 | -1.15 ± 0.82 | -1.22 ± 1.85 |
| Tropical and Southern Land and Ocean | -0.99 ± 1.34 | -0.66 ± 1.40 | -0.49 ± 2.71 |
| Tropics and south minus north | 2.34 ± 1.98 | 2.51 ± 2.04 | 2.81 ± 5.14 |
| Tropical and southern land minus northern land | 2.45 ± 1.53 | 2.54 ± 1.61 | 2.76 ± 5.01 |
Table 34: Long-term mean fossil fuel emissions used in CT2019B compared to CT2011_oi, including average fluxes computed over common time periods..
Table 35: Long-term mean natural flux (biosphere + ocean + fire) from CT2019B compared to CT2010, including average fluxes computed over common time periods. The uncertainty listed is the one standard deviation level from the ensemble Kalman filter estimate. Units are PgC yr-1.
| 2001-2018 | 2001-2009 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Transcom region | CT2019B | CT2019B | CT2010 |
| North American Boreal | -0.24 ± 0.28 | -0.18 ± 0.32 | -0.11 ± 0.35 |
| North American Temperate | -0.34 ± 0.28 | -0.34 ± 0.31 | -0.49 ± 0.39 |
| South American Tropical | 0.25 ± 0.53 | 0.23 ± 0.61 | 0.13 ± 0.67 |
| South American Temperate | -0.05 ± 0.37 | -0.01 ± 0.39 | -0.03 ± 0.78 |
| Northern Africa | -0.16 ± 0.35 | -0.11 ± 0.35 | 0.02 ± 0.50 |
| Southern Africa | 0.28 ± 0.29 | 0.29 ± 0.30 | 0.10 ± 0.62 |
| Eurasia Boreal | -0.71 ± 0.80 | -0.72 ± 0.87 | -0.83 ± 1.16 |
| Eurasia Temperate | -0.54 ± 0.50 | -0.60 ± 0.53 | -0.35 ± 0.54 |
| Tropical Asia | 0.21 ± 0.14 | 0.21 ± 0.17 | 0.15 ± 0.20 |
| Australia | 0.03 ± 0.10 | 0.05 ± 0.10 | -0.09 ± 0.31 |
| Europe | -0.06 ± 0.60 | -0.06 ± 0.61 | -0.28 ± 0.75 |
| North Pacific Temperate | -0.68 ± 0.61 | -0.63 ± 0.58 | -0.40 ± 0.38 |
| West Pacific Tropical | -0.01 ± 0.09 | -0.01 ± 0.09 | 0.02 ± 0.01 |
| East Pacific Tropical | 0.37 ± 0.42 | 0.41 ± 0.44 | 0.39 ± 0.23 |
| South Pacific Temperate | -0.54 ± 0.37 | -0.47 ± 0.37 | -0.57 ± 0.46 |
| Northern Ocean | -0.42 ± 0.34 | -0.40 ± 0.32 | -0.29 ± 0.19 |
| North Atlantic Temperate | -0.33 ± 0.40 | -0.27 ± 0.37 | -0.37 ± 0.41 |
| Atlantic Tropical | 0.06 ± 0.17 | 0.07 ± 0.18 | 0.19 ± 0.15 |
| South Atlantic Temperate | -0.47 ± 0.26 | -0.54 ± 0.29 | -0.14 ± 0.25 |
| Southern Ocean | -0.55 ± 0.39 | -0.37 ± 0.31 | -0.19 ± 0.32 |
| Indian Tropical | 0.05 ± 0.18 | 0.07 ± 0.21 | 0.16 ± 0.12 |
| South Indian Temperate | -0.46 ± 0.31 | -0.45 ± 0.27 | -0.69 ± 0.24 |
| Not optimized | -0.00 ± 0.00 | -0.00 ± 0.00 | -0.00 ± 0.00 |
| 2001-2018 | 2001-2009 | ||
| Aggregated Transcom region | CT2019B | CT2019B | CT2010 |
| Northern Land | -1.89 ± 1.18 | -1.89 ± 1.26 | -2.06 ± 1.62 |
| Northern Oceans | -1.43 ± 0.82 | -1.30 ± 0.78 | -1.07 ± 0.61 |
| Northern | -3.32 ± 1.44 | -3.19 ± 1.48 | -3.13 ± 1.73 |
| Tropical Land | 0.30 ± 0.69 | 0.33 ± 0.77 | 0.30 ± 0.85 |
| Tropical Ocean | 0.47 ± 0.49 | 0.55 ± 0.52 | 0.75 ± 0.34 |
| Tropical | 0.77 ± 0.85 | 0.88 ± 0.93 | 1.06 ± 0.92 |
| Southern Land | 0.26 ± 0.53 | 0.33 ± 0.57 | -0.02 ± 1.04 |
| Ocean in South | -2.01 ± 0.67 | -1.84 ± 0.63 | -1.58 ± 0.66 |
| Southern | -1.75 ± 0.87 | -1.51 ± 0.86 | -1.60 ± 1.23 |
| Americas | -0.37 ± 0.83 | -0.29 ± 0.94 | -0.50 ± 1.15 |
| Atlantic and Arctic | -1.15 ± 0.60 | -1.13 ± 0.59 | -0.62 ± 0.58 |
| Eurasia and Africa | 0.05 ± 0.78 | 0.12 ± 0.77 | -0.16 ± 1.09 |
| Indian Ocean | -0.41 ± 0.36 | -0.38 ± 0.34 | -0.53 ± 0.26 |
| Asia | -1.02 ± 0.96 | -1.06 ± 1.03 | -1.11 ± 1.34 |
| Pacific Ocean | -0.86 ± 0.79 | -0.71 ± 0.78 | -0.56 ± 0.61 |
| All Land | -1.34 ± 1.62 | -1.23 ± 1.76 | -1.78 ± 2.10 |
| All Ocean | -2.97 ± 1.14 | -2.59 ± 1.10 | -1.89 ± 1.09 |
| Global | -4.31 ± 1.96 | -3.82 ± 2.04 | -3.67 ± 2.37 |
| North America | -0.57 ± 0.40 | -0.51 ± 0.45 | -0.60 ± 0.52 |
| Extratropical Eurasia | -1.32 ± 1.12 | -1.38 ± 1.18 | -1.46 ± 1.52 |
| Temperate Northern Ocean | -1.01 ± 0.72 | -0.90 ± 0.68 | -0.77 ± 0.59 |
| Temperate Southern Ocean | -1.46 ± 0.58 | -1.47 ± 0.58 | -1.39 ± 0.63 |
| Tropical and Southern Land | 0.56 ± 1.03 | 0.66 ± 1.14 | 0.28 ± 1.34 |
| Tropical Pacific | 0.36 ± 0.43 | 0.40 ± 0.45 | 0.41 ± 0.23 |
| Temperate Oceans | -2.48 ± 0.89 | -2.37 ± 0.86 | -2.17 ± 0.81 |
| High Latitude Oceans | -0.97 ± 0.53 | -0.77 ± 0.46 | -0.48 ± 0.35 |
| Extratropical Oceans | -3.44 ± 1.05 | -3.14 ± 0.98 | -2.65 ± 0.96 |
| Tropical and Southern Oceans | -1.54 ± 0.85 | -1.29 ± 0.84 | -0.83 ± 0.85 |
| Northern Boreal Land | -0.95 ± 0.85 | -0.89 ± 0.93 | -0.94 ± 1.21 |
| Northern Temperate Land | -0.95 ± 0.84 | -1.00 ± 0.88 | -1.12 ± 1.02 |
| Tropical land minus northern land | 2.19 ± 1.35 | 2.22 ± 1.45 | 2.36 ± 1.83 |
| High North Ocean and Boreal Land | -1.36 ± 0.93 | -1.29 ± 0.99 | -1.23 ± 1.23 |
| Northern Temperate Land and Ocean | -1.96 ± 1.11 | -1.90 ± 1.11 | -1.89 ± 1.18 |
| Southern Temperate Land and Ocean | -1.21 ± 0.80 | -1.14 ± 0.82 | -1.41 ± 1.21 |
| Tropical and Southern Land and Ocean | -0.99 ± 1.34 | -0.63 ± 1.42 | -0.54 ± 1.58 |
| Tropics and south minus north | 2.34 ± 1.98 | 2.56 ± 2.07 | 2.59 ± 2.33 |
| Tropical and southern land minus northern land | 2.45 ± 1.53 | 2.55 ± 1.65 | 2.35 ± 2.10 |
Table 36: Long-term mean fossil fuel emissions used in CT2019B compared to CT2010, including average fluxes computed over common time periods..
Table 37: Long-term mean natural flux (biosphere + ocean + fire) from CT2019B compared to CT2009, including average fluxes computed over common time periods. The uncertainty listed is the one standard deviation level from the ensemble Kalman filter estimate. Units are PgC yr-1.
| 2001-2018 | 2001-2008 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Transcom region | CT2019B | CT2019B | CT2009 |
| North American Boreal | -0.24 ± 0.28 | -0.18 ± 0.32 | -0.11 ± 0.36 |
| North American Temperate | -0.34 ± 0.28 | -0.34 ± 0.32 | -0.49 ± 0.41 |
| South American Tropical | 0.25 ± 0.53 | 0.25 ± 0.63 | 0.15 ± 0.68 |
| South American Temperate | -0.05 ± 0.37 | 0.00 ± 0.39 | -0.03 ± 0.78 |
| Northern Africa | -0.16 ± 0.35 | -0.12 ± 0.35 | 0.03 ± 0.50 |
| Southern Africa | 0.28 ± 0.29 | 0.28 ± 0.29 | 0.12 ± 0.63 |
| Eurasia Boreal | -0.71 ± 0.80 | -0.70 ± 0.89 | -0.80 ± 1.16 |
| Eurasia Temperate | -0.54 ± 0.50 | -0.58 ± 0.53 | -0.35 ± 0.54 |
| Tropical Asia | 0.21 ± 0.14 | 0.20 ± 0.18 | 0.16 ± 0.20 |
| Australia | 0.03 ± 0.10 | 0.05 ± 0.11 | -0.09 ± 0.32 |
| Europe | -0.06 ± 0.60 | -0.06 ± 0.61 | -0.25 ± 0.76 |
| North Pacific Temperate | -0.68 ± 0.61 | -0.61 ± 0.58 | -0.41 ± 0.38 |
| West Pacific Tropical | -0.01 ± 0.09 | -0.01 ± 0.09 | 0.02 ± 0.01 |
| East Pacific Tropical | 0.37 ± 0.42 | 0.43 ± 0.45 | 0.40 ± 0.23 |
| South Pacific Temperate | -0.54 ± 0.37 | -0.46 ± 0.37 | -0.56 ± 0.46 |
| Northern Ocean | -0.42 ± 0.34 | -0.38 ± 0.32 | -0.29 ± 0.19 |
| North Atlantic Temperate | -0.33 ± 0.40 | -0.27 ± 0.38 | -0.37 ± 0.41 |
| Atlantic Tropical | 0.06 ± 0.17 | 0.08 ± 0.18 | 0.19 ± 0.15 |
| South Atlantic Temperate | -0.47 ± 0.26 | -0.54 ± 0.29 | -0.14 ± 0.25 |
| Southern Ocean | -0.55 ± 0.39 | -0.35 ± 0.31 | -0.19 ± 0.31 |
| Indian Tropical | 0.05 ± 0.18 | 0.07 ± 0.22 | 0.16 ± 0.12 |
| South Indian Temperate | -0.46 ± 0.31 | -0.46 ± 0.27 | -0.68 ± 0.24 |
| Not optimized | -0.00 ± 0.00 | -0.00 ± 0.00 | -0.00 ± 0.00 |
| 2001-2018 | 2001-2008 | ||
| Aggregated Transcom region | CT2019B | CT2019B | CT2009 |
| Northern Land | -1.89 ± 1.18 | -1.86 ± 1.29 | -2.00 ± 1.63 |
| Northern Oceans | -1.43 ± 0.82 | -1.26 ± 0.77 | -1.07 ± 0.61 |
| Northern | -3.32 ± 1.44 | -3.11 ± 1.50 | -3.08 ± 1.74 |
| Tropical Land | 0.30 ± 0.69 | 0.33 ± 0.80 | 0.35 ± 0.86 |
| Tropical Ocean | 0.47 ± 0.49 | 0.57 ± 0.53 | 0.76 ± 0.34 |
| Tropical | 0.77 ± 0.85 | 0.89 ± 0.96 | 1.11 ± 0.93 |
| Southern Land | 0.26 ± 0.53 | 0.33 ± 0.56 | -0.00 ± 1.05 |
| Ocean in South | -2.01 ± 0.67 | -1.80 ± 0.63 | -1.57 ± 0.66 |
| Southern | -1.75 ± 0.87 | -1.47 ± 0.85 | -1.57 ± 1.24 |
| Americas | -0.37 ± 0.83 | -0.27 ± 0.97 | -0.47 ± 1.16 |
| Atlantic and Arctic | -1.15 ± 0.60 | -1.11 ± 0.59 | -0.61 ± 0.58 |
| Eurasia and Africa | 0.05 ± 0.78 | 0.11 ± 0.78 | -0.10 ± 1.11 |
| Indian Ocean | -0.41 ± 0.36 | -0.39 ± 0.34 | -0.53 ± 0.26 |
| Asia | -1.02 ± 0.96 | -1.03 ± 1.05 | -1.08 ± 1.35 |
| Pacific Ocean | -0.86 ± 0.79 | -0.65 ± 0.80 | -0.56 ± 0.61 |
| All Land | -1.34 ± 1.62 | -1.19 ± 1.81 | -1.65 ± 2.12 |
| All Ocean | -2.97 ± 1.14 | -2.50 ± 1.10 | -1.89 ± 1.09 |
| Global | -4.31 ± 1.96 | -3.69 ± 2.09 | -3.54 ± 2.38 |
| North America | -0.57 ± 0.40 | -0.52 ± 0.46 | -0.59 ± 0.54 |
| Extratropical Eurasia | -1.32 ± 1.12 | -1.34 ± 1.21 | -1.41 ± 1.53 |
| Temperate Northern Ocean | -1.01 ± 0.72 | -0.88 ± 0.69 | -0.79 ± 0.59 |
| Temperate Southern Ocean | -1.46 ± 0.58 | -1.46 ± 0.57 | -1.38 ± 0.63 |
| Tropical and Southern Land | 0.56 ± 1.03 | 0.66 ± 1.17 | 0.35 ± 1.35 |
| Tropical Pacific | 0.36 ± 0.43 | 0.42 ± 0.46 | 0.42 ± 0.23 |
| Temperate Oceans | -2.48 ± 0.89 | -2.34 ± 0.86 | -2.17 ± 0.81 |
| High Latitude Oceans | -0.97 ± 0.53 | -0.72 ± 0.45 | -0.47 ± 0.35 |
| Extratropical Oceans | -3.44 ± 1.05 | -3.06 ± 0.98 | -2.64 ± 0.95 |
| Tropical and Southern Oceans | -1.54 ± 0.85 | -1.24 ± 0.85 | -0.81 ± 0.85 |
| Northern Boreal Land | -0.95 ± 0.85 | -0.87 ± 0.95 | -0.91 ± 1.22 |
| Northern Temperate Land | -0.95 ± 0.84 | -0.98 ± 0.90 | -1.09 ± 1.04 |
| Tropical land minus northern land | 2.19 ± 1.35 | 2.18 ± 1.48 | 2.35 ± 1.85 |
| High North Ocean and Boreal Land | -1.36 ± 0.93 | -1.25 ± 1.01 | -1.20 ± 1.23 |
| Northern Temperate Land and Ocean | -1.96 ± 1.11 | -1.86 ± 1.12 | -1.88 ± 1.20 |
| Southern Temperate Land and Ocean | -1.21 ± 0.80 | -1.12 ± 0.81 | -1.38 ± 1.22 |
| Tropical and Southern Land and Ocean | -0.99 ± 1.34 | -0.58 ± 1.45 | -0.46 ± 1.60 |
| Tropics and south minus north | 2.34 ± 1.98 | 2.54 ± 2.09 | 2.61 ± 2.34 |
| Tropical and southern land minus northern land | 2.45 ± 1.53 | 2.52 ± 1.67 | 2.35 ± 2.12 |
Table 38: Long-term mean fossil fuel emissions used in CT2019B compared to CT2009, including average fluxes computed over common time periods..
Table 39: Long-term mean natural flux (biosphere + ocean + fire) from CT2019B compared to CT2008, including average fluxes computed over common time periods. The uncertainty listed is the one standard deviation level from the ensemble Kalman filter estimate. Units are PgC yr-1.
| 2001-2018 | 2001-2007 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Transcom region | CT2019B | CT2019B | CT2008 |
| North American Boreal | -0.24 ± 0.28 | -0.16 ± 0.33 | -0.12 ± 0.37 |
| North American Temperate | -0.34 ± 0.28 | -0.37 ± 0.32 | -0.60 ± 0.44 |
| South American Tropical | 0.25 ± 0.53 | 0.29 ± 0.64 | 0.17 ± 0.67 |
| South American Temperate | -0.05 ± 0.37 | 0.03 ± 0.39 | -0.04 ± 0.78 |
| Northern Africa | -0.16 ± 0.35 | -0.09 ± 0.36 | 0.02 ± 0.50 |
| Southern Africa | 0.28 ± 0.29 | 0.29 ± 0.31 | 0.17 ± 0.62 |
| Eurasia Boreal | -0.71 ± 0.80 | -0.73 ± 0.93 | -0.82 ± 1.17 |
| Eurasia Temperate | -0.54 ± 0.50 | -0.53 ± 0.54 | -0.35 ± 0.54 |
| Tropical Asia | 0.21 ± 0.14 | 0.21 ± 0.19 | 0.19 ± 0.21 |
| Australia | 0.03 ± 0.10 | 0.05 ± 0.11 | -0.06 ± 0.31 |
| Europe | -0.06 ± 0.60 | -0.02 ± 0.62 | -0.25 ± 0.73 |
| North Pacific Temperate | -0.68 ± 0.61 | -0.62 ± 0.56 | -0.42 ± 0.38 |
| West Pacific Tropical | -0.01 ± 0.09 | -0.01 ± 0.09 | 0.02 ± 0.01 |
| East Pacific Tropical | 0.37 ± 0.42 | 0.45 ± 0.46 | 0.41 ± 0.23 |
| South Pacific Temperate | -0.54 ± 0.37 | -0.44 ± 0.37 | -0.54 ± 0.46 |
| Northern Ocean | -0.42 ± 0.34 | -0.34 ± 0.30 | -0.28 ± 0.19 |
| North Atlantic Temperate | -0.33 ± 0.40 | -0.28 ± 0.38 | -0.38 ± 0.41 |
| Atlantic Tropical | 0.06 ± 0.17 | 0.08 ± 0.18 | 0.19 ± 0.15 |
| South Atlantic Temperate | -0.47 ± 0.26 | -0.55 ± 0.30 | -0.13 ± 0.25 |
| Southern Ocean | -0.55 ± 0.39 | -0.35 ± 0.30 | -0.18 ± 0.30 |
| Indian Tropical | 0.05 ± 0.18 | 0.08 ± 0.22 | 0.16 ± 0.12 |
| South Indian Temperate | -0.46 ± 0.31 | -0.44 ± 0.26 | -0.67 ± 0.23 |
| Not optimized | -0.00 ± 0.00 | -0.00 ± 0.00 | -0.00 ± 0.00 |
| 2001-2018 | 2001-2007 | ||
| Aggregated Transcom region | CT2019B | CT2019B | CT2008 |
| Northern Land | -1.89 ± 1.18 | -1.81 ± 1.32 | -2.14 ± 1.63 |
| Northern Oceans | -1.43 ± 0.82 | -1.24 ± 0.76 | -1.08 ± 0.60 |
| Northern | -3.32 ± 1.44 | -3.05 ± 1.52 | -3.23 ± 1.74 |
| Tropical Land | 0.30 ± 0.69 | 0.40 ± 0.82 | 0.39 ± 0.86 |
| Tropical Ocean | 0.47 ± 0.49 | 0.60 ± 0.53 | 0.78 ± 0.34 |
| Tropical | 0.77 ± 0.85 | 1.01 ± 0.97 | 1.16 ± 0.93 |
| Southern Land | 0.26 ± 0.53 | 0.37 ± 0.58 | 0.06 ± 1.04 |
| Ocean in South | -2.01 ± 0.67 | -1.78 ± 0.63 | -1.51 ± 0.65 |
| Southern | -1.75 ± 0.87 | -1.42 ± 0.86 | -1.45 ± 1.23 |
| Americas | -0.37 ± 0.83 | -0.21 ± 0.98 | -0.58 ± 1.17 |
| Atlantic and Arctic | -1.15 ± 0.60 | -1.09 ± 0.59 | -0.60 ± 0.57 |
| Eurasia and Africa | 0.05 ± 0.78 | 0.17 ± 0.80 | -0.06 ± 1.08 |
| Indian Ocean | -0.41 ± 0.36 | -0.36 ± 0.33 | -0.51 ± 0.26 |
| Asia | -1.02 ± 0.96 | -1.00 ± 1.08 | -1.05 ± 1.36 |
| Pacific Ocean | -0.86 ± 0.79 | -0.62 ± 0.79 | -0.53 ± 0.61 |
| All Land | -1.34 ± 1.62 | -1.04 ± 1.87 | -1.70 ± 2.11 |
| All Ocean | -2.97 ± 1.14 | -2.42 ± 1.09 | -1.82 ± 1.08 |
| Global | -4.31 ± 1.96 | -3.46 ± 2.12 | -3.52 ± 2.38 |
| North America | -0.57 ± 0.40 | -0.53 ± 0.47 | -0.72 ± 0.57 |
| Extratropical Eurasia | -1.32 ± 1.12 | -1.28 ± 1.24 | -1.43 ± 1.52 |
| Temperate Northern Ocean | -1.01 ± 0.72 | -0.90 ± 0.67 | -0.80 ± 0.58 |
| Temperate Southern Ocean | -1.46 ± 0.58 | -1.43 ± 0.58 | -1.34 ± 0.63 |
| Tropical and Southern Land | 0.56 ± 1.03 | 0.77 ± 1.22 | 0.45 ± 1.35 |
| Tropical Pacific | 0.36 ± 0.43 | 0.44 ± 0.47 | 0.43 ± 0.23 |
| Temperate Oceans | -2.48 ± 0.89 | -2.33 ± 0.85 | -2.14 ± 0.81 |
| High Latitude Oceans | -0.97 ± 0.53 | -0.69 ± 0.44 | -0.46 ± 0.34 |
| Extratropical Oceans | -3.44 ± 1.05 | -3.02 ± 0.97 | -2.60 ± 0.94 |
| Tropical and Southern Oceans | -1.54 ± 0.85 | -1.18 ± 0.85 | -0.74 ± 0.84 |
| Northern Boreal Land | -0.95 ± 0.85 | -0.89 ± 0.99 | -0.94 ± 1.23 |
| Northern Temperate Land | -0.95 ± 0.84 | -0.92 ± 0.91 | -1.20 ± 1.03 |
| Tropical land minus northern land | 2.19 ± 1.35 | 2.21 ± 1.52 | 2.53 ± 1.85 |
| High North Ocean and Boreal Land | -1.36 ± 0.93 | -1.23 ± 1.04 | -1.23 ± 1.24 |
| Northern Temperate Land and Ocean | -1.96 ± 1.11 | -1.82 ± 1.13 | -2.00 ± 1.18 |
| Southern Temperate Land and Ocean | -1.21 ± 0.80 | -1.06 ± 0.82 | -1.27 ± 1.21 |
| Tropical and Southern Land and Ocean | -0.99 ± 1.34 | -0.41 ± 1.48 | -0.29 ± 1.59 |
| Tropics and south minus north | 2.34 ± 1.98 | 2.64 ± 2.13 | 2.94 ± 2.34 |
| Tropical and southern land minus northern land | 2.45 ± 1.53 | 2.58 ± 1.73 | 2.59 ± 2.12 |
Table 40: Long-term mean fossil fuel emissions used in CT2019B compared to CT2008, including average fluxes computed over common time periods..
Table 41: Long-term mean natural flux (biosphere + ocean + fire) from CT2019B compared to CT2007B, including average fluxes computed over common time periods. The uncertainty listed is the one standard deviation level from the ensemble Kalman filter estimate. Units are PgC yr-1.
| 2001-2018 | 2001-2006 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Transcom region | CT2019B | CT2019B | CT2007B |
| North American Boreal | -0.24 ± 0.28 | -0.11 ± 0.33 | -0.14 ± 0.37 |
| North American Temperate | -0.34 ± 0.28 | -0.35 ± 0.34 | -0.54 ± 0.52 |
| South American Tropical | 0.25 ± 0.53 | 0.27 ± 0.67 | 0.08 ± 0.68 |
| South American Temperate | -0.05 ± 0.37 | -0.02 ± 0.40 | -0.03 ± 0.76 |
| Northern Africa | -0.16 ± 0.35 | -0.05 ± 0.35 | 0.03 ± 0.50 |
| Southern Africa | 0.28 ± 0.29 | 0.28 ± 0.30 | 0.21 ± 0.59 |
| Eurasia Boreal | -0.71 ± 0.80 | -0.76 ± 1.00 | -0.64 ± 1.10 |
| Eurasia Temperate | -0.54 ± 0.50 | -0.50 ± 0.56 | -0.32 ± 0.54 |
| Tropical Asia | 0.21 ± 0.14 | 0.18 ± 0.20 | 0.20 ± 0.20 |
| Australia | 0.03 ± 0.10 | 0.05 ± 0.11 | -0.10 ± 0.31 |
| Europe | -0.06 ± 0.60 | -0.02 ± 0.63 | -0.30 ± 0.79 |
| North Pacific Temperate | -0.68 ± 0.61 | -0.59 ± 0.53 | -0.39 ± 0.37 |
| West Pacific Tropical | -0.01 ± 0.09 | -0.01 ± 0.09 | 0.02 ± 0.02 |
| East Pacific Tropical | 0.37 ± 0.42 | 0.47 ± 0.48 | 0.38 ± 0.23 |
| South Pacific Temperate | -0.54 ± 0.37 | -0.44 ± 0.38 | -0.49 ± 0.45 |
| Northern Ocean | -0.42 ± 0.34 | -0.35 ± 0.30 | -0.27 ± 0.19 |
| North Atlantic Temperate | -0.33 ± 0.40 | -0.29 ± 0.39 | -0.40 ± 0.39 |
| Atlantic Tropical | 0.06 ± 0.17 | 0.07 ± 0.18 | 0.19 ± 0.15 |
| South Atlantic Temperate | -0.47 ± 0.26 | -0.52 ± 0.29 | -0.14 ± 0.23 |
| Southern Ocean | -0.55 ± 0.39 | -0.36 ± 0.30 | -0.22 ± 0.32 |
| Indian Tropical | 0.05 ± 0.18 | 0.08 ± 0.22 | 0.16 ± 0.13 |
| South Indian Temperate | -0.46 ± 0.31 | -0.42 ± 0.26 | -0.64 ± 0.24 |
| Not optimized | -0.00 ± 0.00 | -0.00 ± 0.00 | -0.00 ± 0.00 |
| 2001-2018 | 2001-2006 | ||
| Aggregated Transcom region | CT2019B | CT2019B | CT2007B |
| Northern Land | -1.89 ± 1.18 | -1.74 ± 1.37 | -1.94 ± 1.64 |
| Northern Oceans | -1.43 ± 0.82 | -1.23 ± 0.75 | -1.05 ± 0.58 |
| Northern | -3.32 ± 1.44 | -2.96 ± 1.55 | -3.00 ± 1.74 |
| Tropical Land | 0.30 ± 0.69 | 0.40 ± 0.84 | 0.30 ± 0.86 |
| Tropical Ocean | 0.47 ± 0.49 | 0.61 ± 0.55 | 0.74 ± 0.35 |
| Tropical | 0.77 ± 0.85 | 1.02 ± 0.99 | 1.05 ± 0.93 |
| Southern Land | 0.26 ± 0.53 | 0.31 ± 0.60 | 0.08 ± 1.01 |
| Ocean in South | -2.01 ± 0.67 | -1.75 ± 0.63 | -1.49 ± 0.66 |
| Southern | -1.75 ± 0.87 | -1.44 ± 0.88 | -1.41 ± 1.21 |
| Americas | -0.37 ± 0.83 | -0.21 ± 1.04 | -0.63 ± 1.21 |
| Atlantic and Arctic | -1.15 ± 0.60 | -1.09 ± 0.59 | -0.62 ± 0.55 |
| Eurasia and Africa | 0.05 ± 0.78 | 0.22 ± 0.79 | -0.06 ± 1.10 |
| Indian Ocean | -0.41 ± 0.36 | -0.34 ± 0.34 | -0.48 ± 0.26 |
| Asia | -1.02 ± 0.96 | -1.03 ± 1.15 | -0.87 ± 1.30 |
| Pacific Ocean | -0.86 ± 0.79 | -0.57 ± 0.78 | -0.48 ± 0.62 |
| All Land | -1.34 ± 1.62 | -1.02 ± 1.97 | -1.56 ± 2.11 |
| All Ocean | -2.97 ± 1.14 | -2.36 ± 1.08 | -1.80 ± 1.09 |
| Global | -4.31 ± 1.96 | -3.39 ± 2.19 | -3.36 ± 2.37 |
| North America | -0.57 ± 0.40 | -0.46 ± 0.48 | -0.68 ± 0.64 |
| Extratropical Eurasia | -1.32 ± 1.12 | -1.28 ± 1.30 | -1.26 ± 1.50 |
| Temperate Northern Ocean | -1.01 ± 0.72 | -0.88 ± 0.66 | -0.78 ± 0.56 |
| Temperate Southern Ocean | -1.46 ± 0.58 | -1.39 ± 0.58 | -1.27 ± 0.63 |
| Tropical and Southern Land | 0.56 ± 1.03 | 0.71 ± 1.26 | 0.38 ± 1.33 |
| Tropical Pacific | 0.36 ± 0.43 | 0.46 ± 0.49 | 0.40 ± 0.24 |
| Temperate Oceans | -2.48 ± 0.89 | -2.27 ± 0.85 | -2.05 ± 0.79 |
| High Latitude Oceans | -0.97 ± 0.53 | -0.71 ± 0.44 | -0.50 ± 0.36 |
| Extratropical Oceans | -3.44 ± 1.05 | -2.98 ± 0.95 | -2.55 ± 0.93 |
| Tropical and Southern Oceans | -1.54 ± 0.85 | -1.14 ± 0.87 | -0.75 ± 0.87 |
| Northern Boreal Land | -0.95 ± 0.85 | -0.87 ± 1.05 | -0.78 ± 1.17 |
| Northern Temperate Land | -0.95 ± 0.84 | -0.86 ± 0.94 | -1.16 ± 1.10 |
| Tropical land minus northern land | 2.19 ± 1.35 | 2.14 ± 1.55 | 2.25 ± 1.86 |
| High North Ocean and Boreal Land | -1.36 ± 0.93 | -1.22 ± 1.10 | -1.05 ± 1.18 |
| Northern Temperate Land and Ocean | -1.96 ± 1.11 | -1.74 ± 1.13 | -1.94 ± 1.24 |
| Southern Temperate Land and Ocean | -1.21 ± 0.80 | -1.08 ± 0.84 | -1.19 ± 1.20 |
| Tropical and Southern Land and Ocean | -0.99 ± 1.34 | -0.42 ± 1.52 | -0.37 ± 1.59 |
| Tropics and south minus north | 2.34 ± 1.98 | 2.54 ± 2.17 | 2.63 ± 2.34 |
| Tropical and southern land minus northern land | 2.45 ± 1.53 | 2.45 ± 1.76 | 2.33 ± 2.12 |
Table 42: Long-term mean fossil fuel emissions used in CT2019B compared to CT2007B, including average fluxes computed over common time periods..
Table 43: Long-term mean natural flux (biosphere + ocean + fire) from CT2017 compared to CT2016, including average fluxes computed over common time periods. The uncertainty listed is the one standard deviation level from the ensemble Kalman filter estimate. Units are PgC yr-1.
| 2001-2016 | 2001-2015 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Transcom region | CT2017 | CT2017 | CT2016 |
| North American Boreal | -0.21 ± 0.83 | -0.21 ± 0.85 | -0.14 ± 0.87 |
| North American Temperate | -0.30 ± 0.56 | -0.29 ± 0.57 | -0.35 ± 0.90 |
| South American Tropical | 0.28 ± 1.44 | 0.26 ± 1.43 | 0.17 ± 1.61 |
| South American Temperate | -0.07 ± 1.06 | -0.09 ± 1.08 | -0.11 ± 0.86 |
| Northern Africa | -0.20 ± 1.13 | -0.21 ± 1.12 | -0.19 ± 1.32 |
| Southern Africa | 0.06 ± 0.68 | 0.03 ± 0.69 | 0.11 ± 0.64 |
| Eurasia Boreal | -0.80 ± 2.27 | -0.83 ± 2.28 | -1.00 ± 4.23 |
| Eurasia Temperate | -0.68 ± 1.78 | -0.66 ± 1.77 | -0.43 ± 1.61 |
| Tropical Asia | 0.12 ± 0.45 | 0.12 ± 0.44 | 0.09 ± 0.68 |
| Australia | 0.06 ± 0.33 | 0.07 ± 0.32 | 0.12 ± 0.25 |
| Europe | 0.06 ± 2.02 | 0.05 ± 2.03 | 0.10 ± 2.30 |
| North Pacific Temperate | -0.52 ± 0.41 | -0.50 ± 0.40 | -0.55 ± 0.51 |
| West Pacific Tropical | -0.00 ± 0.08 | -0.00 ± 0.08 | -0.01 ± 0.10 |
| East Pacific Tropical | 0.36 ± 0.43 | 0.37 ± 0.42 | 0.43 ± 0.42 |
| South Pacific Temperate | -0.47 ± 0.34 | -0.46 ± 0.33 | -0.47 ± 0.43 |
| Northern Ocean | -0.40 ± 0.27 | -0.39 ± 0.27 | -0.27 ± 0.27 |
| North Atlantic Temperate | -0.29 ± 0.32 | -0.29 ± 0.32 | -0.27 ± 0.34 |
| Atlantic Tropical | 0.10 ± 0.15 | 0.10 ± 0.15 | 0.10 ± 0.13 |
| South Atlantic Temperate | -0.42 ± 0.22 | -0.44 ± 0.22 | -0.38 ± 0.27 |
| Southern Ocean | -0.50 ± 0.29 | -0.50 ± 0.29 | -0.43 ± 0.33 |
| Indian Tropical | 0.10 ± 0.18 | 0.10 ± 0.18 | 0.12 ± 0.19 |
| South Indian Temperate | -0.40 ± 0.25 | -0.40 ± 0.25 | -0.62 ± 0.45 |
| Not optimized | -0.00 ± 0.00 | -0.00 ± 0.00 | -0.00 ± 0.00 |
| 2001-2016 | 2001-2015 | ||
| Aggregated Transcom region | CT2017 | CT2017 | CT2016 |
| Northern Land | -1.93 ± 3.72 | -1.94 ± 3.73 | -1.83 ± 5.27 |
| Northern Oceans | -1.21 ± 0.59 | -1.18 ± 0.58 | -1.10 ± 0.68 |
| Northern | -3.14 ± 3.76 | -3.13 ± 3.78 | -2.93 ± 5.32 |
| Tropical Land | 0.20 ± 1.90 | 0.17 ± 1.88 | 0.07 ± 2.19 |
| Tropical Ocean | 0.55 ± 0.47 | 0.56 ± 0.47 | 0.64 ± 0.49 |
| Tropical | 0.75 ± 1.94 | 0.73 ± 1.92 | 0.71 ± 2.25 |
| Southern Land | 0.05 ± 1.35 | 0.01 ± 1.36 | 0.12 ± 1.11 |
| Ocean in South | -1.80 ± 0.66 | -1.79 ± 0.65 | -1.90 ± 0.82 |
| Southern | -1.75 ± 1.50 | -1.78 ± 1.51 | -1.78 ± 1.38 |
| Americas | -0.30 ± 2.13 | -0.33 ± 2.14 | -0.43 ± 2.24 |
| Atlantic and Arctic | -1.02 ± 0.49 | -1.02 ± 0.49 | -0.82 ± 0.54 |
| Eurasia and Africa | -0.08 ± 2.42 | -0.13 ± 2.43 | 0.02 ± 2.73 |
| Indian Ocean | -0.30 ± 0.30 | -0.29 ± 0.30 | -0.51 ± 0.48 |
| Asia | -1.29 ± 2.97 | -1.30 ± 2.98 | -1.22 ± 4.59 |
| Pacific Ocean | -0.63 ± 0.67 | -0.60 ± 0.67 | -0.60 ± 0.79 |
| All Land | -1.68 ± 4.47 | -1.77 ± 4.48 | -1.64 ± 5.82 |
| All Ocean | -2.46 ± 1.03 | -2.41 ± 1.02 | -2.36 ± 1.20 |
| Global | -4.14 ± 4.57 | -4.18 ± 4.58 | -4.00 ± 5.94 |
| North America | -0.51 ± 1.01 | -0.51 ± 1.03 | -0.49 ± 1.25 |
| Extratropical Eurasia | -1.42 ± 3.57 | -1.44 ± 3.58 | -1.34 ± 5.10 |
| Temperate Northern Ocean | -0.81 ± 0.51 | -0.79 ± 0.51 | -0.82 ± 0.62 |
| Temperate Southern Ocean | -1.30 ± 0.56 | -1.29 ± 0.55 | -1.48 ± 0.75 |
| Tropical and Southern Land | 0.25 ± 2.46 | 0.18 ± 2.45 | 0.19 ± 2.46 |
| Tropical Pacific | 0.36 ± 0.44 | 0.36 ± 0.44 | 0.42 ± 0.44 |
| Temperate Oceans | -2.11 ± 0.74 | -2.09 ± 0.73 | -2.30 ± 0.97 |
| High Latitude Oceans | -0.90 ± 0.39 | -0.89 ± 0.39 | -0.70 ± 0.42 |
| Extratropical Oceans | -3.01 ± 0.86 | -2.97 ± 0.85 | -3.00 ± 1.09 |
| Tropical and Southern Oceans | -1.25 ± 0.90 | -1.23 ± 0.89 | -1.26 ± 0.97 |
| Northern Boreal Land | -1.01 ± 2.44 | -1.04 ± 2.46 | -1.14 ± 4.34 |
| Northern Temperate Land | -0.92 ± 2.76 | -0.90 ± 2.77 | -0.69 ± 2.98 |
| Tropical land minus northern land | 2.14 ± 4.18 | 2.11 ± 4.19 | 1.89 ± 5.72 |
| High North Ocean and Boreal Land | -1.41 ± 2.46 | -1.44 ± 2.48 | -1.41 ± 4.34 |
| Northern Temperate Land and Ocean | -1.73 ± 2.81 | -1.69 ± 2.81 | -1.51 ± 3.05 |
| Southern Temperate Land and Ocean | -1.25 ± 1.46 | -1.28 ± 1.47 | -1.35 ± 1.34 |
| Tropical and Southern Land and Ocean | -1.00 ± 2.60 | -1.05 ± 2.60 | -1.07 ± 2.64 |
| Tropics and south minus north | 2.14 ± 4.62 | 2.08 ± 4.63 | 1.85 ± 5.94 |
| Tropical and southern land minus northern land | 2.19 ± 4.47 | 2.12 ± 4.49 | 2.02 ± 5.82 |
Table 44: Long-term mean fossil fuel emissions used in CT2017 compared to CT2016, including average fluxes computed over common time periods..
Table 45: Long-term mean natural flux (biosphere + ocean + fire) from CT2017 compared to CT2015, including average fluxes computed over common time periods. The uncertainty listed is the one standard deviation level from the ensemble Kalman filter estimate. Units are PgC yr-1.
| 2001-2016 | 2001-2014 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Transcom region | CT2017 | CT2017 | CT2015 |
| North American Boreal | -0.21 ± 0.83 | -0.22 ± 0.87 | -0.13 ± 0.86 |
| North American Temperate | -0.30 ± 0.56 | -0.30 ± 0.58 | -0.36 ± 0.91 |
| South American Tropical | 0.28 ± 1.44 | 0.26 ± 1.41 | 0.36 ± 1.58 |
| South American Temperate | -0.07 ± 1.06 | -0.07 ± 1.06 | -0.14 ± 0.86 |
| Northern Africa | -0.20 ± 1.13 | -0.21 ± 1.12 | -0.16 ± 1.40 |
| Southern Africa | 0.06 ± 0.68 | 0.03 ± 0.70 | -0.09 ± 0.69 |
| Eurasia Boreal | -0.80 ± 2.27 | -0.82 ± 2.32 | -0.98 ± 4.23 |
| Eurasia Temperate | -0.68 ± 1.78 | -0.67 ± 1.75 | -0.53 ± 1.60 |
| Tropical Asia | 0.12 ± 0.45 | 0.10 ± 0.44 | 0.24 ± 0.70 |
| Australia | 0.06 ± 0.33 | 0.07 ± 0.32 | 0.09 ± 0.27 |
| Europe | 0.06 ± 2.02 | 0.06 ± 2.04 | 0.06 ± 2.32 |
| North Pacific Temperate | -0.52 ± 0.41 | -0.49 ± 0.40 | -0.54 ± 0.50 |
| West Pacific Tropical | -0.00 ± 0.08 | 0.00 ± 0.08 | 0.00 ± 0.10 |
| East Pacific Tropical | 0.36 ± 0.43 | 0.37 ± 0.43 | 0.42 ± 0.42 |
| South Pacific Temperate | -0.47 ± 0.34 | -0.46 ± 0.32 | -0.47 ± 0.43 |
| Northern Ocean | -0.40 ± 0.27 | -0.39 ± 0.27 | -0.25 ± 0.25 |
| North Atlantic Temperate | -0.29 ± 0.32 | -0.28 ± 0.32 | -0.27 ± 0.34 |
| Atlantic Tropical | 0.10 ± 0.15 | 0.10 ± 0.14 | 0.11 ± 0.13 |
| South Atlantic Temperate | -0.42 ± 0.22 | -0.45 ± 0.23 | -0.41 ± 0.28 |
| Southern Ocean | -0.50 ± 0.29 | -0.51 ± 0.29 | -0.43 ± 0.32 |
| Indian Tropical | 0.10 ± 0.18 | 0.10 ± 0.18 | 0.13 ± 0.19 |
| South Indian Temperate | -0.40 ± 0.25 | -0.40 ± 0.24 | -0.63 ± 0.45 |
| Not optimized | -0.00 ± 0.00 | -0.00 ± 0.00 | -0.00 ± 0.00 |
| 2001-2016 | 2001-2014 | ||
| Aggregated Transcom region | CT2017 | CT2017 | CT2015 |
| Northern Land | -1.93 ± 3.72 | -1.95 ± 3.76 | -1.93 ± 5.28 |
| Northern Oceans | -1.21 ± 0.59 | -1.16 ± 0.58 | -1.06 ± 0.66 |
| Northern | -3.14 ± 3.76 | -3.11 ± 3.80 | -2.99 ± 5.32 |
| Tropical Land | 0.20 ± 1.90 | 0.14 ± 1.87 | 0.45 ± 2.22 |
| Tropical Ocean | 0.55 ± 0.47 | 0.58 ± 0.47 | 0.67 ± 0.49 |
| Tropical | 0.75 ± 1.94 | 0.72 ± 1.92 | 1.12 ± 2.27 |
| Southern Land | 0.05 ± 1.35 | 0.03 ± 1.34 | -0.15 ± 1.14 |
| Ocean in South | -1.80 ± 0.66 | -1.82 ± 0.63 | -1.94 ± 0.82 |
| Southern | -1.75 ± 1.50 | -1.79 ± 1.48 | -2.09 ± 1.41 |
| Americas | -0.30 ± 2.13 | -0.33 ± 2.12 | -0.27 ± 2.21 |
| Atlantic and Arctic | -1.02 ± 0.49 | -1.02 ± 0.50 | -0.82 ± 0.53 |
| Eurasia and Africa | -0.08 ± 2.42 | -0.12 ± 2.44 | -0.19 ± 2.81 |
| Indian Ocean | -0.30 ± 0.30 | -0.30 ± 0.30 | -0.50 ± 0.49 |
| Asia | -1.29 ± 2.97 | -1.33 ± 2.99 | -1.17 ± 4.59 |
| Pacific Ocean | -0.63 ± 0.67 | -0.57 ± 0.65 | -0.59 ± 0.78 |
| All Land | -1.68 ± 4.47 | -1.78 ± 4.50 | -1.63 ± 5.84 |
| All Ocean | -2.46 ± 1.03 | -2.40 ± 1.01 | -2.33 ± 1.19 |
| Global | -4.14 ± 4.57 | -4.18 ± 4.59 | -3.96 ± 5.96 |
| North America | -0.51 ± 1.01 | -0.51 ± 1.06 | -0.49 ± 1.25 |
| Extratropical Eurasia | -1.42 ± 3.57 | -1.44 ± 3.60 | -1.45 ± 5.10 |
| Temperate Northern Ocean | -0.81 ± 0.51 | -0.77 ± 0.50 | -0.81 ± 0.61 |
| Temperate Southern Ocean | -1.30 ± 0.56 | -1.32 ± 0.53 | -1.52 ± 0.75 |
| Tropical and Southern Land | 0.25 ± 2.46 | 0.17 ± 2.42 | 0.30 ± 2.50 |
| Tropical Pacific | 0.36 ± 0.44 | 0.38 ± 0.44 | 0.42 ± 0.44 |
| Temperate Oceans | -2.11 ± 0.74 | -2.09 ± 0.72 | -2.32 ± 0.97 |
| High Latitude Oceans | -0.90 ± 0.39 | -0.89 ± 0.39 | -0.68 ± 0.41 |
| Extratropical Oceans | -3.01 ± 0.86 | -2.98 ± 0.84 | -3.00 ± 1.08 |
| Tropical and Southern Oceans | -1.25 ± 0.90 | -1.24 ± 0.88 | -1.28 ± 0.97 |
| Northern Boreal Land | -1.01 ± 2.44 | -1.04 ± 2.50 | -1.11 ± 4.33 |
| Northern Temperate Land | -0.92 ± 2.76 | -0.91 ± 2.76 | -0.83 ± 3.00 |
| Tropical land minus northern land | 2.14 ± 4.18 | 2.09 ± 4.21 | 2.39 ± 5.73 |
| High North Ocean and Boreal Land | -1.41 ± 2.46 | -1.43 ± 2.53 | -1.36 ± 4.34 |
| Northern Temperate Land and Ocean | -1.73 ± 2.81 | -1.68 ± 2.81 | -1.64 ± 3.06 |
| Southern Temperate Land and Ocean | -1.25 ± 1.46 | -1.29 ± 1.44 | -1.66 ± 1.37 |
| Tropical and Southern Land and Ocean | -1.00 ± 2.60 | -1.07 ± 2.56 | -0.97 ± 2.68 |
| Tropics and south minus north | 2.14 ± 4.62 | 2.04 ± 4.63 | 2.02 ± 5.96 |
| Tropical and southern land minus northern land | 2.19 ± 4.47 | 2.12 ± 4.48 | 2.24 ± 5.85 |
Table 46: Long-term mean fossil fuel emissions used in CT2017 compared to CT2015, including average fluxes computed over common time periods..
Table 47: Long-term mean natural flux (biosphere + ocean + fire) from CT2017 compared to CT2013B, including average fluxes computed over common time periods. The uncertainty listed is the one standard deviation level from the ensemble Kalman filter estimate. Units are PgC yr-1.
| 2001-2016 | 2001-2012 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Transcom region | CT2017 | CT2017 | CT2013B |
| North American Boreal | -0.21 ± 0.83 | -0.21 ± 0.92 | -0.13 ± 0.94 |
| North American Temperate | -0.30 ± 0.56 | -0.31 ± 0.61 | -0.14 ± 0.89 |
| South American Tropical | 0.28 ± 1.44 | 0.29 ± 1.36 | -0.04 ± 1.70 |
| South American Temperate | -0.07 ± 1.06 | -0.07 ± 1.10 | -0.09 ± 1.10 |
| Northern Africa | -0.20 ± 1.13 | -0.18 ± 1.10 | -0.10 ± 1.06 |
| Southern Africa | 0.06 ± 0.68 | 0.05 ± 0.71 | 0.06 ± 1.17 |
| Eurasia Boreal | -0.80 ± 2.27 | -0.79 ± 2.43 | -0.97 ± 3.98 |
| Eurasia Temperate | -0.68 ± 1.78 | -0.67 ± 1.75 | -0.38 ± 1.40 |
| Tropical Asia | 0.12 ± 0.45 | 0.10 ± 0.46 | 0.09 ± 0.61 |
| Australia | 0.06 ± 0.33 | 0.08 ± 0.31 | -0.00 ± 0.34 |
| Europe | 0.06 ± 2.02 | 0.07 ± 2.06 | -0.12 ± 2.04 |
| North Pacific Temperate | -0.52 ± 0.41 | -0.50 ± 0.39 | -0.52 ± 0.44 |
| West Pacific Tropical | -0.00 ± 0.08 | 0.00 ± 0.08 | 0.03 ± 0.09 |
| East Pacific Tropical | 0.36 ± 0.43 | 0.38 ± 0.42 | 0.41 ± 0.40 |
| South Pacific Temperate | -0.47 ± 0.34 | -0.45 ± 0.33 | -0.52 ± 0.50 |
| Northern Ocean | -0.40 ± 0.27 | -0.39 ± 0.28 | -0.30 ± 0.28 |
| North Atlantic Temperate | -0.29 ± 0.32 | -0.27 ± 0.32 | -0.34 ± 0.35 |
| Atlantic Tropical | 0.10 ± 0.15 | 0.11 ± 0.15 | 0.13 ± 0.14 |
| South Atlantic Temperate | -0.42 ± 0.22 | -0.49 ± 0.24 | -0.21 ± 0.25 |
| Southern Ocean | -0.50 ± 0.29 | -0.46 ± 0.28 | -0.43 ± 0.33 |
| Indian Tropical | 0.10 ± 0.18 | 0.11 ± 0.18 | 0.14 ± 0.19 |
| South Indian Temperate | -0.40 ± 0.25 | -0.43 ± 0.25 | -0.56 ± 0.43 |
| Not optimized | -0.00 ± 0.00 | -0.00 ± 0.00 | -0.00 ± 0.00 |
| 2001-2016 | 2001-2012 | ||
| Aggregated Transcom region | CT2017 | CT2017 | CT2013B |
| Northern Land | -1.93 ± 3.72 | -1.91 ± 3.85 | -1.75 ± 4.92 |
| Northern Oceans | -1.21 ± 0.59 | -1.16 ± 0.58 | -1.17 ± 0.62 |
| Northern | -3.14 ± 3.76 | -3.07 ± 3.90 | -2.93 ± 4.96 |
| Tropical Land | 0.20 ± 1.90 | 0.20 ± 1.84 | -0.05 ± 2.10 |
| Tropical Ocean | 0.55 ± 0.47 | 0.60 ± 0.47 | 0.70 ± 0.49 |
| Tropical | 0.75 ± 1.94 | 0.80 ± 1.89 | 0.65 ± 2.15 |
| Southern Land | 0.05 ± 1.35 | 0.06 ± 1.37 | -0.04 ± 1.64 |
| Ocean in South | -1.80 ± 0.66 | -1.82 ± 0.65 | -1.72 ± 0.84 |
| Southern | -1.75 ± 1.50 | -1.76 ± 1.51 | -1.76 ± 1.85 |
| Americas | -0.30 ± 2.13 | -0.31 ± 2.14 | -0.41 ± 2.41 |
| Atlantic and Arctic | -1.02 ± 0.49 | -1.04 ± 0.50 | -0.73 ± 0.54 |
| Eurasia and Africa | -0.08 ± 2.42 | -0.05 ± 2.45 | -0.16 ± 2.58 |
| Indian Ocean | -0.30 ± 0.30 | -0.32 ± 0.31 | -0.41 ± 0.47 |
| Asia | -1.29 ± 2.97 | -1.29 ± 3.06 | -1.27 ± 4.27 |
| Pacific Ocean | -0.63 ± 0.67 | -0.57 ± 0.67 | -0.61 ± 0.77 |
| All Land | -1.68 ± 4.47 | -1.65 ± 4.58 | -1.85 ± 5.60 |
| All Ocean | -2.46 ± 1.03 | -2.38 ± 1.03 | -2.19 ± 1.23 |
| Global | -4.14 ± 4.57 | -4.04 ± 4.67 | -4.03 ± 5.74 |
| North America | -0.51 ± 1.01 | -0.52 ± 1.11 | -0.28 ± 1.29 |
| Extratropical Eurasia | -1.42 ± 3.57 | -1.39 ± 3.68 | -1.48 ± 4.72 |
| Temperate Northern Ocean | -0.81 ± 0.51 | -0.77 ± 0.50 | -0.87 ± 0.57 |
| Temperate Southern Ocean | -1.30 ± 0.56 | -1.36 ± 0.56 | -1.28 ± 0.78 |
| Tropical and Southern Land | 0.25 ± 2.46 | 0.26 ± 2.42 | -0.09 ± 2.67 |
| Tropical Pacific | 0.36 ± 0.44 | 0.38 ± 0.43 | 0.43 ± 0.42 |
| Temperate Oceans | -2.11 ± 0.74 | -2.13 ± 0.74 | -2.15 ± 0.97 |
| High Latitude Oceans | -0.90 ± 0.39 | -0.85 ± 0.38 | -0.74 ± 0.43 |
| Extratropical Oceans | -3.01 ± 0.86 | -2.98 ± 0.85 | -2.89 ± 1.09 |
| Tropical and Southern Oceans | -1.25 ± 0.90 | -1.22 ± 0.89 | -1.01 ± 1.02 |
| Northern Boreal Land | -1.01 ± 2.44 | -1.00 ± 2.62 | -1.11 ± 4.10 |
| Northern Temperate Land | -0.92 ± 2.76 | -0.92 ± 2.79 | -0.65 ± 2.66 |
| Tropical land minus northern land | 2.14 ± 4.18 | 2.12 ± 4.27 | 1.70 ± 5.35 |
| High North Ocean and Boreal Land | -1.41 ± 2.46 | -1.39 ± 2.64 | -1.41 ± 4.12 |
| Northern Temperate Land and Ocean | -1.73 ± 2.81 | -1.69 ± 2.84 | -1.51 ± 2.72 |
| Southern Temperate Land and Ocean | -1.25 ± 1.46 | -1.31 ± 1.48 | -1.32 ± 1.82 |
| Tropical and Southern Land and Ocean | -1.00 ± 2.60 | -0.97 ± 2.56 | -1.11 ± 2.86 |
| Tropics and south minus north | 2.14 ± 4.62 | 2.11 ± 4.70 | 1.82 ± 5.72 |
| Tropical and southern land minus northern land | 2.19 ± 4.47 | 2.17 ± 4.56 | 1.66 ± 5.60 |
Table 48: Long-term mean fossil fuel emissions used in CT2017 compared to CT2013B, including average fluxes computed over common time periods..
Table 49: Long-term mean natural flux (biosphere + ocean + fire) from CT2017 compared to CT2013, including average fluxes computed over common time periods. The uncertainty listed is the one standard deviation level from the ensemble Kalman filter estimate. Units are PgC yr-1.
| 2001-2016 | 2001-2012 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Transcom region | CT2017 | CT2017 | CT2013 |
| North American Boreal | -0.21 ± 0.83 | -0.21 ± 0.92 | -0.17 ± 0.79 |
| North American Temperate | -0.30 ± 0.56 | -0.31 ± 0.61 | -0.44 ± 0.78 |
| South American Tropical | 0.28 ± 1.44 | 0.29 ± 1.36 | 0.01 ± 1.63 |
| South American Temperate | -0.07 ± 1.06 | -0.07 ± 1.10 | 0.04 ± 1.13 |
| Northern Africa | -0.20 ± 1.13 | -0.18 ± 1.10 | -0.09 ± 1.01 |
| Southern Africa | 0.06 ± 0.68 | 0.05 ± 0.71 | 0.08 ± 1.11 |
| Eurasia Boreal | -0.80 ± 2.27 | -0.79 ± 2.43 | -0.99 ± 3.49 |
| Eurasia Temperate | -0.68 ± 1.78 | -0.67 ± 1.75 | -0.38 ± 1.33 |
| Tropical Asia | 0.12 ± 0.45 | 0.10 ± 0.46 | 0.12 ± 0.56 |
| Australia | 0.06 ± 0.33 | 0.08 ± 0.31 | 0.02 ± 0.32 |
| Europe | 0.06 ± 2.02 | 0.07 ± 2.06 | -0.38 ± 1.81 |
| North Pacific Temperate | -0.52 ± 0.41 | -0.50 ± 0.39 | -0.44 ± 0.37 |
| West Pacific Tropical | -0.00 ± 0.08 | 0.00 ± 0.08 | 0.03 ± 0.09 |
| East Pacific Tropical | 0.36 ± 0.43 | 0.38 ± 0.42 | 0.41 ± 0.40 |
| South Pacific Temperate | -0.47 ± 0.34 | -0.45 ± 0.33 | -0.54 ± 0.52 |
| Northern Ocean | -0.40 ± 0.27 | -0.39 ± 0.28 | -0.30 ± 0.26 |
| North Atlantic Temperate | -0.29 ± 0.32 | -0.27 ± 0.32 | -0.30 ± 0.32 |
| Atlantic Tropical | 0.10 ± 0.15 | 0.11 ± 0.15 | 0.13 ± 0.14 |
| South Atlantic Temperate | -0.42 ± 0.22 | -0.49 ± 0.24 | -0.18 ± 0.21 |
| Southern Ocean | -0.50 ± 0.29 | -0.46 ± 0.28 | -0.31 ± 0.28 |
| Indian Tropical | 0.10 ± 0.18 | 0.11 ± 0.18 | 0.15 ± 0.19 |
| South Indian Temperate | -0.40 ± 0.25 | -0.43 ± 0.25 | -0.53 ± 0.43 |
| Not optimized | -0.00 ± 0.00 | -0.00 ± 0.00 | -0.00 ± 0.00 |
| 2001-2016 | 2001-2012 | ||
| Aggregated Transcom region | CT2017 | CT2017 | CT2013 |
| Northern Land | -1.93 ± 3.72 | -1.91 ± 3.85 | -2.35 ± 4.36 |
| Northern Oceans | -1.21 ± 0.59 | -1.16 ± 0.58 | -1.04 ± 0.55 |
| Northern | -3.14 ± 3.76 | -3.07 ± 3.90 | -3.39 ± 4.39 |
| Tropical Land | 0.20 ± 1.90 | 0.20 ± 1.84 | 0.04 ± 2.00 |
| Tropical Ocean | 0.55 ± 0.47 | 0.60 ± 0.47 | 0.72 ± 0.49 |
| Tropical | 0.75 ± 1.94 | 0.80 ± 1.89 | 0.75 ± 2.06 |
| Southern Land | 0.05 ± 1.35 | 0.06 ± 1.37 | 0.14 ± 1.62 |
| Ocean in South | -1.80 ± 0.66 | -1.82 ± 0.65 | -1.56 ± 0.85 |
| Southern | -1.75 ± 1.50 | -1.76 ± 1.51 | -1.41 ± 1.83 |
| Americas | -0.30 ± 2.13 | -0.31 ± 2.14 | -0.56 ± 2.29 |
| Atlantic and Arctic | -1.02 ± 0.49 | -1.04 ± 0.50 | -0.64 ± 0.49 |
| Eurasia and Africa | -0.08 ± 2.42 | -0.05 ± 2.45 | -0.38 ± 2.36 |
| Indian Ocean | -0.30 ± 0.30 | -0.32 ± 0.31 | -0.39 ± 0.47 |
| Asia | -1.29 ± 2.97 | -1.29 ± 3.06 | -1.23 ± 3.80 |
| Pacific Ocean | -0.63 ± 0.67 | -0.57 ± 0.67 | -0.54 ± 0.76 |
| All Land | -1.68 ± 4.47 | -1.65 ± 4.58 | -2.17 ± 5.07 |
| All Ocean | -2.46 ± 1.03 | -2.38 ± 1.03 | -1.88 ± 1.17 |
| Global | -4.14 ± 4.57 | -4.04 ± 4.67 | -4.05 ± 5.20 |
| North America | -0.51 ± 1.01 | -0.52 ± 1.11 | -0.61 ± 1.12 |
| Extratropical Eurasia | -1.42 ± 3.57 | -1.39 ± 3.68 | -1.74 ± 4.18 |
| Temperate Northern Ocean | -0.81 ± 0.51 | -0.77 ± 0.50 | -0.74 ± 0.49 |
| Temperate Southern Ocean | -1.30 ± 0.56 | -1.36 ± 0.56 | -1.25 ± 0.81 |
| Tropical and Southern Land | 0.25 ± 2.46 | 0.26 ± 2.42 | 0.18 ± 2.58 |
| Tropical Pacific | 0.36 ± 0.44 | 0.38 ± 0.43 | 0.44 ± 0.42 |
| Temperate Oceans | -2.11 ± 0.74 | -2.13 ± 0.74 | -1.99 ± 0.94 |
| High Latitude Oceans | -0.90 ± 0.39 | -0.85 ± 0.38 | -0.61 ± 0.38 |
| Extratropical Oceans | -3.01 ± 0.86 | -2.98 ± 0.85 | -2.60 ± 1.03 |
| Tropical and Southern Oceans | -1.25 ± 0.90 | -1.22 ± 0.89 | -0.84 ± 1.03 |
| Northern Boreal Land | -1.01 ± 2.44 | -1.00 ± 2.62 | -1.16 ± 3.59 |
| Northern Temperate Land | -0.92 ± 2.76 | -0.92 ± 2.79 | -1.19 ± 2.41 |
| Tropical land minus northern land | 2.14 ± 4.18 | 2.12 ± 4.27 | 2.38 ± 4.80 |
| High North Ocean and Boreal Land | -1.41 ± 2.46 | -1.39 ± 2.64 | -1.45 ± 3.60 |
| Northern Temperate Land and Ocean | -1.73 ± 2.81 | -1.69 ± 2.84 | -1.93 ± 2.46 |
| Southern Temperate Land and Ocean | -1.25 ± 1.46 | -1.31 ± 1.48 | -1.10 ± 1.82 |
| Tropical and Southern Land and Ocean | -1.00 ± 2.60 | -0.97 ± 2.56 | -0.66 ± 2.78 |
| Tropics and south minus north | 2.14 ± 4.62 | 2.11 ± 4.70 | 2.73 ± 5.20 |
| Tropical and southern land minus northern land | 2.19 ± 4.47 | 2.17 ± 4.56 | 2.53 ± 5.07 |
Table 50: Long-term mean fossil fuel emissions used in CT2017 compared to CT2013, including average fluxes computed over common time periods..
Table 51: Long-term mean natural flux (biosphere + ocean + fire) from CT2017 compared to CT2011_oi, including average fluxes computed over common time periods. The uncertainty listed is the one standard deviation level from the ensemble Kalman filter estimate. Units are PgC yr-1.
| 2001-2016 | 2001-2010 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Transcom region | CT2017 | CT2017 | CT2011_oi |
| North American Boreal | -0.21 ± 0.83 | -0.16 ± 0.96 | -0.13 ± 0.91 |
| North American Temperate | -0.30 ± 0.56 | -0.34 ± 0.65 | -0.45 ± 0.87 |
| South American Tropical | 0.28 ± 1.44 | 0.34 ± 1.45 | 0.18 ± 1.53 |
| South American Temperate | -0.07 ± 1.06 | -0.02 ± 1.11 | 0.09 ± 1.18 |
| Northern Africa | -0.20 ± 1.13 | -0.10 ± 1.10 | -0.05 ± 0.99 |
| Southern Africa | 0.06 ± 0.68 | 0.03 ± 0.73 | 0.13 ± 1.02 |
| Eurasia Boreal | -0.80 ± 2.27 | -0.80 ± 2.54 | -0.96 ± 3.40 |
| Eurasia Temperate | -0.68 ± 1.78 | -0.69 ± 1.76 | -0.37 ± 1.35 |
| Tropical Asia | 0.12 ± 0.45 | 0.09 ± 0.49 | 0.16 ± 0.55 |
| Australia | 0.06 ± 0.33 | 0.09 ± 0.31 | -0.02 ± 0.46 |
| Europe | 0.06 ± 2.02 | 0.07 ± 2.09 | -0.35 ± 1.82 |
| North Pacific Temperate | -0.52 ± 0.41 | -0.51 ± 0.40 | -0.40 ± 0.40 |
| West Pacific Tropical | -0.00 ± 0.08 | 0.00 ± 0.08 | 0.02 ± 0.09 |
| East Pacific Tropical | 0.36 ± 0.43 | 0.39 ± 0.42 | 0.35 ± 0.35 |
| South Pacific Temperate | -0.47 ± 0.34 | -0.45 ± 0.32 | -0.58 ± 0.57 |
| Northern Ocean | -0.40 ± 0.27 | -0.37 ± 0.27 | -0.24 ± 0.23 |
| North Atlantic Temperate | -0.29 ± 0.32 | -0.25 ± 0.32 | -0.39 ± 0.39 |
| Atlantic Tropical | 0.10 ± 0.15 | 0.11 ± 0.15 | 0.18 ± 0.16 |
| South Atlantic Temperate | -0.42 ± 0.22 | -0.52 ± 0.25 | -0.17 ± 0.21 |
| Southern Ocean | -0.50 ± 0.29 | -0.41 ± 0.27 | -0.27 ± 0.26 |
| Indian Tropical | 0.10 ± 0.18 | 0.12 ± 0.19 | 0.18 ± 0.22 |
| South Indian Temperate | -0.40 ± 0.25 | -0.43 ± 0.25 | -0.67 ± 0.45 |
| Not optimized | -0.00 ± 0.00 | -0.00 ± 0.00 | -0.00 ± 0.00 |
| 2001-2016 | 2001-2010 | ||
| Aggregated Transcom region | CT2017 | CT2017 | CT2011_oi |
| Northern Land | -1.93 ± 3.72 | -1.92 ± 3.96 | -2.27 ± 4.33 |
| Northern Oceans | -1.21 ± 0.59 | -1.13 ± 0.58 | -1.02 ± 0.61 |
| Northern | -3.14 ± 3.76 | -3.05 ± 4.01 | -3.30 ± 4.37 |
| Tropical Land | 0.20 ± 1.90 | 0.33 ± 1.91 | 0.29 ± 1.90 |
| Tropical Ocean | 0.55 ± 0.47 | 0.62 ± 0.47 | 0.72 ± 0.51 |
| Tropical | 0.75 ± 1.94 | 0.95 ± 1.96 | 1.01 ± 1.97 |
| Southern Land | 0.05 ± 1.35 | 0.10 ± 1.38 | 0.20 ± 1.63 |
| Ocean in South | -1.80 ± 0.66 | -1.81 ± 0.64 | -1.69 ± 0.90 |
| Southern | -1.75 ± 1.50 | -1.72 ± 1.52 | -1.49 ± 1.87 |
| Americas | -0.30 ± 2.13 | -0.18 ± 2.23 | -0.32 ± 2.32 |
| Atlantic and Arctic | -1.02 ± 0.49 | -1.04 ± 0.51 | -0.61 ± 0.55 |
| Eurasia and Africa | -0.08 ± 2.42 | -0.00 ± 2.48 | -0.28 ± 2.31 |
| Indian Ocean | -0.30 ± 0.30 | -0.31 ± 0.31 | -0.50 ± 0.49 |
| Asia | -1.29 ± 2.97 | -1.31 ± 3.16 | -1.19 ± 3.73 |
| Pacific Ocean | -0.63 ± 0.67 | -0.57 ± 0.66 | -0.62 ± 0.76 |
| All Land | -1.68 ± 4.47 | -1.50 ± 4.70 | -1.79 ± 5.00 |
| All Ocean | -2.46 ± 1.03 | -2.32 ± 1.03 | -2.00 ± 1.23 |
| Global | -4.14 ± 4.57 | -3.82 ± 4.79 | -3.78 ± 5.15 |
| North America | -0.51 ± 1.01 | -0.50 ± 1.17 | -0.59 ± 1.27 |
| Extratropical Eurasia | -1.42 ± 3.57 | -1.41 ± 3.78 | -1.69 ± 4.12 |
| Temperate Northern Ocean | -0.81 ± 0.51 | -0.76 ± 0.50 | -0.79 ± 0.57 |
| Temperate Southern Ocean | -1.30 ± 0.56 | -1.40 ± 0.55 | -1.42 ± 0.86 |
| Tropical and Southern Land | 0.25 ± 2.46 | 0.42 ± 2.48 | 0.48 ± 2.50 |
| Tropical Pacific | 0.36 ± 0.44 | 0.39 ± 0.43 | 0.37 ± 0.37 |
| Temperate Oceans | -2.11 ± 0.74 | -2.16 ± 0.74 | -2.21 ± 1.02 |
| High Latitude Oceans | -0.90 ± 0.39 | -0.78 ± 0.38 | -0.51 ± 0.33 |
| Extratropical Oceans | -3.01 ± 0.86 | -2.94 ± 0.85 | -2.72 ± 1.14 |
| Tropical and Southern Oceans | -1.25 ± 0.90 | -1.19 ± 0.89 | -0.97 ± 1.03 |
| Northern Boreal Land | -1.01 ± 2.44 | -0.96 ± 2.74 | -1.09 ± 3.52 |
| Northern Temperate Land | -0.92 ± 2.76 | -0.96 ± 2.82 | -1.18 ± 2.46 |
| Tropical land minus northern land | 2.14 ± 4.18 | 2.24 ± 4.41 | 2.56 ± 4.74 |
| High North Ocean and Boreal Land | -1.41 ± 2.46 | -1.33 ± 2.76 | -1.33 ± 3.53 |
| Northern Temperate Land and Ocean | -1.73 ± 2.81 | -1.72 ± 2.86 | -1.96 ± 2.53 |
| Southern Temperate Land and Ocean | -1.25 ± 1.46 | -1.31 ± 1.49 | -1.22 ± 1.85 |
| Tropical and Southern Land and Ocean | -1.00 ± 2.60 | -0.77 ± 2.62 | -0.49 ± 2.71 |
| Tropics and south minus north | 2.14 ± 4.62 | 2.28 ± 4.83 | 2.81 ± 5.14 |
| Tropical and southern land minus northern land | 2.19 ± 4.47 | 2.34 ± 4.70 | 2.76 ± 5.01 |
Table 52: Long-term mean fossil fuel emissions used in CT2017 compared to CT2011_oi, including average fluxes computed over common time periods..
Table 53: Long-term mean natural flux (biosphere + ocean + fire) from CT2017 compared to CT2010, including average fluxes computed over common time periods. The uncertainty listed is the one standard deviation level from the ensemble Kalman filter estimate. Units are PgC yr-1.
| 2001-2016 | 2001-2009 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Transcom region | CT2017 | CT2017 | CT2010 |
| North American Boreal | -0.21 ± 0.83 | -0.14 ± 0.97 | -0.11 ± 0.35 |
| North American Temperate | -0.30 ± 0.56 | -0.35 ± 0.68 | -0.49 ± 0.39 |
| South American Tropical | 0.28 ± 1.44 | 0.35 ± 1.50 | 0.13 ± 0.67 |
| South American Temperate | -0.07 ± 1.06 | 0.04 ± 1.10 | -0.03 ± 0.78 |
| Northern Africa | -0.20 ± 1.13 | -0.06 ± 1.09 | 0.02 ± 0.50 |
| Southern Africa | 0.06 ± 0.68 | -0.00 ± 0.73 | 0.10 ± 0.62 |
| Eurasia Boreal | -0.80 ± 2.27 | -0.79 ± 2.62 | -0.83 ± 1.16 |
| Eurasia Temperate | -0.68 ± 1.78 | -0.70 ± 1.78 | -0.35 ± 0.54 |
| Tropical Asia | 0.12 ± 0.45 | 0.08 ± 0.51 | 0.15 ± 0.20 |
| Australia | 0.06 ± 0.33 | 0.09 ± 0.30 | -0.09 ± 0.31 |
| Europe | 0.06 ± 2.02 | 0.07 ± 2.09 | -0.28 ± 0.75 |
| North Pacific Temperate | -0.52 ± 0.41 | -0.49 ± 0.40 | -0.40 ± 0.38 |
| West Pacific Tropical | -0.00 ± 0.08 | 0.00 ± 0.08 | 0.02 ± 0.01 |
| East Pacific Tropical | 0.36 ± 0.43 | 0.38 ± 0.42 | 0.39 ± 0.23 |
| South Pacific Temperate | -0.47 ± 0.34 | -0.46 ± 0.32 | -0.57 ± 0.46 |
| Northern Ocean | -0.40 ± 0.27 | -0.37 ± 0.27 | -0.29 ± 0.19 |
| North Atlantic Temperate | -0.29 ± 0.32 | -0.26 ± 0.32 | -0.37 ± 0.41 |
| Atlantic Tropical | 0.10 ± 0.15 | 0.10 ± 0.15 | 0.19 ± 0.15 |
| South Atlantic Temperate | -0.42 ± 0.22 | -0.53 ± 0.25 | -0.14 ± 0.25 |
| Southern Ocean | -0.50 ± 0.29 | -0.39 ± 0.27 | -0.19 ± 0.32 |
| Indian Tropical | 0.10 ± 0.18 | 0.13 ± 0.20 | 0.16 ± 0.12 |
| South Indian Temperate | -0.40 ± 0.25 | -0.43 ± 0.25 | -0.69 ± 0.24 |
| Not optimized | -0.00 ± 0.00 | -0.00 ± 0.00 | -0.00 ± 0.00 |
| 2001-2016 | 2001-2009 | ||
| Aggregated Transcom region | CT2017 | CT2017 | CT2010 |
| Northern Land | -1.93 ± 3.72 | -1.91 ± 4.03 | -2.06 ± 1.62 |
| Northern Oceans | -1.21 ± 0.59 | -1.13 ± 0.57 | -1.07 ± 0.61 |
| Northern | -3.14 ± 3.76 | -3.04 ± 4.07 | -3.13 ± 1.73 |
| Tropical Land | 0.20 ± 1.90 | 0.37 ± 1.95 | 0.30 ± 0.85 |
| Tropical Ocean | 0.55 ± 0.47 | 0.61 ± 0.47 | 0.75 ± 0.34 |
| Tropical | 0.75 ± 1.94 | 0.98 ± 1.99 | 1.06 ± 0.92 |
| Southern Land | 0.05 ± 1.35 | 0.13 ± 1.37 | -0.02 ± 1.04 |
| Ocean in South | -1.80 ± 0.66 | -1.81 ± 0.63 | -1.58 ± 0.66 |
| Southern | -1.75 ± 1.50 | -1.69 ± 1.51 | -1.60 ± 1.23 |
| Americas | -0.30 ± 2.13 | -0.10 ± 2.28 | -0.50 ± 1.15 |
| Atlantic and Arctic | -1.02 ± 0.49 | -1.07 ± 0.50 | -0.62 ± 0.58 |
| Eurasia and Africa | -0.08 ± 2.42 | 0.01 ± 2.48 | -0.16 ± 1.09 |
| Indian Ocean | -0.30 ± 0.30 | -0.30 ± 0.31 | -0.53 ± 0.26 |
| Asia | -1.29 ± 2.97 | -1.32 ± 3.24 | -1.11 ± 1.34 |
| Pacific Ocean | -0.63 ± 0.67 | -0.57 ± 0.64 | -0.56 ± 0.61 |
| All Land | -1.68 ± 4.47 | -1.42 ± 4.77 | -1.78 ± 2.10 |
| All Ocean | -2.46 ± 1.03 | -2.33 ± 1.01 | -1.89 ± 1.09 |
| Global | -4.14 ± 4.57 | -3.75 ± 4.86 | -3.67 ± 2.37 |
| North America | -0.51 ± 1.01 | -0.49 ± 1.20 | -0.60 ± 0.52 |
| Extratropical Eurasia | -1.42 ± 3.57 | -1.42 ± 3.85 | -1.46 ± 1.52 |
| Temperate Northern Ocean | -0.81 ± 0.51 | -0.75 ± 0.50 | -0.77 ± 0.59 |
| Temperate Southern Ocean | -1.30 ± 0.56 | -1.42 ± 0.55 | -1.39 ± 0.63 |
| Tropical and Southern Land | 0.25 ± 2.46 | 0.50 ± 2.49 | 0.28 ± 1.34 |
| Tropical Pacific | 0.36 ± 0.44 | 0.38 ± 0.43 | 0.41 ± 0.23 |
| Temperate Oceans | -2.11 ± 0.74 | -2.17 ± 0.73 | -2.17 ± 0.81 |
| High Latitude Oceans | -0.90 ± 0.39 | -0.77 ± 0.37 | -0.48 ± 0.35 |
| Extratropical Oceans | -3.01 ± 0.86 | -2.94 ± 0.84 | -2.65 ± 0.96 |
| Tropical and Southern Oceans | -1.25 ± 0.90 | -1.20 ± 0.87 | -0.83 ± 0.85 |
| Northern Boreal Land | -1.01 ± 2.44 | -0.93 ± 2.82 | -0.94 ± 1.21 |
| Northern Temperate Land | -0.92 ± 2.76 | -0.98 ± 2.83 | -1.12 ± 1.02 |
| Tropical land minus northern land | 2.14 ± 4.18 | 2.28 ± 4.48 | 2.36 ± 1.83 |
| High North Ocean and Boreal Land | -1.41 ± 2.46 | -1.31 ± 2.84 | -1.23 ± 1.23 |
| Northern Temperate Land and Ocean | -1.73 ± 2.81 | -1.73 ± 2.88 | -1.89 ± 1.18 |
| Southern Temperate Land and Ocean | -1.25 ± 1.46 | -1.29 ± 1.47 | -1.41 ± 1.21 |
| Tropical and Southern Land and Ocean | -1.00 ± 2.60 | -0.71 ± 2.62 | -0.54 ± 1.58 |
| Tropics and south minus north | 2.14 ± 4.62 | 2.33 ± 4.88 | 2.59 ± 2.33 |
| Tropical and southern land minus northern land | 2.19 ± 4.47 | 2.41 ± 4.75 | 2.35 ± 2.10 |
Table 54: Long-term mean fossil fuel emissions used in CT2017 compared to CT2010, including average fluxes computed over common time periods..
Table 55: Long-term mean natural flux (biosphere + ocean + fire) from CT2017 compared to CT2009, including average fluxes computed over common time periods. The uncertainty listed is the one standard deviation level from the ensemble Kalman filter estimate. Units are PgC yr-1.
| 2001-2016 | 2001-2008 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Transcom region | CT2017 | CT2017 | CT2009 |
| North American Boreal | -0.21 ± 0.83 | -0.13 ± 0.99 | -0.11 ± 0.36 |
| North American Temperate | -0.30 ± 0.56 | -0.33 ± 0.70 | -0.49 ± 0.41 |
| South American Tropical | 0.28 ± 1.44 | 0.37 ± 1.50 | 0.15 ± 0.68 |
| South American Temperate | -0.07 ± 1.06 | 0.06 ± 1.10 | -0.03 ± 0.78 |
| Northern Africa | -0.20 ± 1.13 | -0.04 ± 1.10 | 0.03 ± 0.50 |
| Southern Africa | 0.06 ± 0.68 | -0.02 ± 0.72 | 0.12 ± 0.63 |
| Eurasia Boreal | -0.80 ± 2.27 | -0.77 ± 2.69 | -0.80 ± 1.16 |
| Eurasia Temperate | -0.68 ± 1.78 | -0.73 ± 1.79 | -0.35 ± 0.54 |
| Tropical Asia | 0.12 ± 0.45 | 0.06 ± 0.52 | 0.16 ± 0.20 |
| Australia | 0.06 ± 0.33 | 0.09 ± 0.30 | -0.09 ± 0.32 |
| Europe | 0.06 ± 2.02 | 0.03 ± 2.13 | -0.25 ± 0.76 |
| North Pacific Temperate | -0.52 ± 0.41 | -0.47 ± 0.40 | -0.41 ± 0.38 |
| West Pacific Tropical | -0.00 ± 0.08 | 0.00 ± 0.08 | 0.02 ± 0.01 |
| East Pacific Tropical | 0.36 ± 0.43 | 0.40 ± 0.41 | 0.40 ± 0.23 |
| South Pacific Temperate | -0.47 ± 0.34 | -0.45 ± 0.32 | -0.56 ± 0.46 |
| Northern Ocean | -0.40 ± 0.27 | -0.36 ± 0.27 | -0.29 ± 0.19 |
| North Atlantic Temperate | -0.29 ± 0.32 | -0.24 ± 0.30 | -0.37 ± 0.41 |
| Atlantic Tropical | 0.10 ± 0.15 | 0.10 ± 0.15 | 0.19 ± 0.15 |
| South Atlantic Temperate | -0.42 ± 0.22 | -0.53 ± 0.25 | -0.14 ± 0.25 |
| Southern Ocean | -0.50 ± 0.29 | -0.38 ± 0.27 | -0.19 ± 0.31 |
| Indian Tropical | 0.10 ± 0.18 | 0.13 ± 0.21 | 0.16 ± 0.12 |
| South Indian Temperate | -0.40 ± 0.25 | -0.43 ± 0.24 | -0.68 ± 0.24 |
| Not optimized | -0.00 ± 0.00 | -0.00 ± 0.00 | -0.00 ± 0.00 |
| 2001-2016 | 2001-2008 | ||
| Aggregated Transcom region | CT2017 | CT2017 | CT2009 |
| Northern Land | -1.93 ± 3.72 | -1.94 ± 4.12 | -2.00 ± 1.63 |
| Northern Oceans | -1.21 ± 0.59 | -1.07 ± 0.57 | -1.07 ± 0.61 |
| Northern | -3.14 ± 3.76 | -3.00 ± 4.16 | -3.08 ± 1.74 |
| Tropical Land | 0.20 ± 1.90 | 0.39 ± 1.96 | 0.35 ± 0.86 |
| Tropical Ocean | 0.55 ± 0.47 | 0.63 ± 0.47 | 0.76 ± 0.34 |
| Tropical | 0.75 ± 1.94 | 1.02 ± 2.01 | 1.11 ± 0.93 |
| Southern Land | 0.05 ± 1.35 | 0.14 ± 1.35 | -0.00 ± 1.05 |
| Ocean in South | -1.80 ± 0.66 | -1.79 ± 0.62 | -1.57 ± 0.66 |
| Southern | -1.75 ± 1.50 | -1.65 ± 1.49 | -1.57 ± 1.24 |
| Americas | -0.30 ± 2.13 | -0.02 ± 2.28 | -0.47 ± 1.16 |
| Atlantic and Arctic | -1.02 ± 0.49 | -1.03 ± 0.49 | -0.61 ± 0.58 |
| Eurasia and Africa | -0.08 ± 2.42 | -0.03 ± 2.52 | -0.10 ± 1.11 |
| Indian Ocean | -0.30 ± 0.30 | -0.30 ± 0.31 | -0.53 ± 0.26 |
| Asia | -1.29 ± 2.97 | -1.35 ± 3.31 | -1.08 ± 1.35 |
| Pacific Ocean | -0.63 ± 0.67 | -0.53 ± 0.65 | -0.56 ± 0.61 |
| All Land | -1.68 ± 4.47 | -1.41 ± 4.85 | -1.65 ± 2.12 |
| All Ocean | -2.46 ± 1.03 | -2.23 ± 0.99 | -1.89 ± 1.09 |
| Global | -4.14 ± 4.57 | -3.64 ± 4.93 | -3.54 ± 2.38 |
| North America | -0.51 ± 1.01 | -0.46 ± 1.23 | -0.59 ± 0.54 |
| Extratropical Eurasia | -1.42 ± 3.57 | -1.48 ± 3.93 | -1.41 ± 1.53 |
| Temperate Northern Ocean | -0.81 ± 0.51 | -0.71 ± 0.49 | -0.79 ± 0.59 |
| Temperate Southern Ocean | -1.30 ± 0.56 | -1.41 ± 0.54 | -1.38 ± 0.63 |
| Tropical and Southern Land | 0.25 ± 2.46 | 0.53 ± 2.49 | 0.35 ± 1.35 |
| Tropical Pacific | 0.36 ± 0.44 | 0.40 ± 0.43 | 0.42 ± 0.23 |
| Temperate Oceans | -2.11 ± 0.74 | -2.12 ± 0.71 | -2.17 ± 0.81 |
| High Latitude Oceans | -0.90 ± 0.39 | -0.74 ± 0.37 | -0.47 ± 0.35 |
| Extratropical Oceans | -3.01 ± 0.86 | -2.86 ± 0.82 | -2.64 ± 0.95 |
| Tropical and Southern Oceans | -1.25 ± 0.90 | -1.17 ± 0.86 | -0.81 ± 0.85 |
| Northern Boreal Land | -1.01 ± 2.44 | -0.90 ± 2.89 | -0.91 ± 1.22 |
| Northern Temperate Land | -0.92 ± 2.76 | -1.04 ± 2.87 | -1.09 ± 1.04 |
| Tropical land minus northern land | 2.14 ± 4.18 | 2.33 ± 4.58 | 2.35 ± 1.85 |
| High North Ocean and Boreal Land | -1.41 ± 2.46 | -1.26 ± 2.91 | -1.20 ± 1.23 |
| Northern Temperate Land and Ocean | -1.73 ± 2.81 | -1.75 ± 2.91 | -1.88 ± 1.20 |
| Southern Temperate Land and Ocean | -1.25 ± 1.46 | -1.27 ± 1.46 | -1.38 ± 1.22 |
| Tropical and Southern Land and Ocean | -1.00 ± 2.60 | -0.63 ± 2.62 | -0.46 ± 1.60 |
| Tropics and south minus north | 2.14 ± 4.62 | 2.37 ± 4.96 | 2.61 ± 2.34 |
| Tropical and southern land minus northern land | 2.19 ± 4.47 | 2.47 ± 4.84 | 2.35 ± 2.12 |
Table 56: Long-term mean fossil fuel emissions used in CT2017 compared to CT2009, including average fluxes computed over common time periods..
Table 57: Long-term mean natural flux (biosphere + ocean + fire) from CT2017 compared to CT2008, including average fluxes computed over common time periods. The uncertainty listed is the one standard deviation level from the ensemble Kalman filter estimate. Units are PgC yr-1.
| 2001-2016 | 2001-2007 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Transcom region | CT2017 | CT2017 | CT2008 |
| North American Boreal | -0.21 ± 0.83 | -0.12 ± 1.04 | -0.12 ± 0.37 |
| North American Temperate | -0.30 ± 0.56 | -0.35 ± 0.74 | -0.60 ± 0.44 |
| South American Tropical | 0.28 ± 1.44 | 0.46 ± 1.52 | 0.17 ± 0.67 |
| South American Temperate | -0.07 ± 1.06 | 0.10 ± 1.07 | -0.04 ± 0.78 |
| Northern Africa | -0.20 ± 1.13 | -0.03 ± 1.12 | 0.02 ± 0.50 |
| Southern Africa | 0.06 ± 0.68 | -0.02 ± 0.71 | 0.17 ± 0.62 |
| Eurasia Boreal | -0.80 ± 2.27 | -0.81 ± 2.87 | -0.82 ± 1.17 |
| Eurasia Temperate | -0.68 ± 1.78 | -0.71 ± 1.83 | -0.35 ± 0.54 |
| Tropical Asia | 0.12 ± 0.45 | 0.08 ± 0.56 | 0.19 ± 0.21 |
| Australia | 0.06 ± 0.33 | 0.11 ± 0.31 | -0.06 ± 0.31 |
| Europe | 0.06 ± 2.02 | 0.09 ± 2.15 | -0.25 ± 0.73 |
| North Pacific Temperate | -0.52 ± 0.41 | -0.46 ± 0.40 | -0.42 ± 0.38 |
| West Pacific Tropical | -0.00 ± 0.08 | 0.00 ± 0.09 | 0.02 ± 0.01 |
| East Pacific Tropical | 0.36 ± 0.43 | 0.38 ± 0.41 | 0.41 ± 0.23 |
| South Pacific Temperate | -0.47 ± 0.34 | -0.45 ± 0.31 | -0.54 ± 0.46 |
| Northern Ocean | -0.40 ± 0.27 | -0.33 ± 0.25 | -0.28 ± 0.19 |
| North Atlantic Temperate | -0.29 ± 0.32 | -0.24 ± 0.31 | -0.38 ± 0.41 |
| Atlantic Tropical | 0.10 ± 0.15 | 0.10 ± 0.16 | 0.19 ± 0.15 |
| South Atlantic Temperate | -0.42 ± 0.22 | -0.53 ± 0.26 | -0.13 ± 0.25 |
| Southern Ocean | -0.50 ± 0.29 | -0.39 ± 0.27 | -0.18 ± 0.30 |
| Indian Tropical | 0.10 ± 0.18 | 0.12 ± 0.21 | 0.16 ± 0.12 |
| South Indian Temperate | -0.40 ± 0.25 | -0.42 ± 0.24 | -0.67 ± 0.23 |
| Not optimized | -0.00 ± 0.00 | -0.00 ± 0.00 | -0.00 ± 0.00 |
| 2001-2016 | 2001-2007 | ||
| Aggregated Transcom region | CT2017 | CT2017 | CT2008 |
| Northern Land | -1.93 ± 3.72 | -1.89 ± 4.28 | -2.14 ± 1.63 |
| Northern Oceans | -1.21 ± 0.59 | -1.04 ± 0.57 | -1.08 ± 0.60 |
| Northern | -3.14 ± 3.76 | -2.93 ± 4.32 | -3.23 ± 1.74 |
| Tropical Land | 0.20 ± 1.90 | 0.51 ± 2.00 | 0.39 ± 0.86 |
| Tropical Ocean | 0.55 ± 0.47 | 0.60 ± 0.48 | 0.78 ± 0.34 |
| Tropical | 0.75 ± 1.94 | 1.11 ± 2.04 | 1.16 ± 0.93 |
| Southern Land | 0.05 ± 1.35 | 0.19 ± 1.33 | 0.06 ± 1.04 |
| Ocean in South | -1.80 ± 0.66 | -1.79 ± 0.60 | -1.51 ± 0.65 |
| Southern | -1.75 ± 1.50 | -1.60 ± 1.46 | -1.45 ± 1.23 |
| Americas | -0.30 ± 2.13 | 0.09 ± 2.32 | -0.58 ± 1.17 |
| Atlantic and Arctic | -1.02 ± 0.49 | -1.00 ± 0.50 | -0.60 ± 0.57 |
| Eurasia and Africa | -0.08 ± 2.42 | 0.04 ± 2.54 | -0.06 ± 1.08 |
| Indian Ocean | -0.30 ± 0.30 | -0.30 ± 0.31 | -0.51 ± 0.26 |
| Asia | -1.29 ± 2.97 | -1.33 ± 3.48 | -1.05 ± 1.36 |
| Pacific Ocean | -0.63 ± 0.67 | -0.53 ± 0.65 | -0.53 ± 0.61 |
| All Land | -1.68 ± 4.47 | -1.20 ± 4.99 | -1.70 ± 2.11 |
| All Ocean | -2.46 ± 1.03 | -2.22 ± 0.98 | -1.82 ± 1.08 |
| Global | -4.14 ± 4.57 | -3.42 ± 5.06 | -3.52 ± 2.38 |
| North America | -0.51 ± 1.01 | -0.47 ± 1.29 | -0.72 ± 0.57 |
| Extratropical Eurasia | -1.42 ± 3.57 | -1.42 ± 4.07 | -1.43 ± 1.52 |
| Temperate Northern Ocean | -0.81 ± 0.51 | -0.70 ± 0.50 | -0.80 ± 0.58 |
| Temperate Southern Ocean | -1.30 ± 0.56 | -1.40 ± 0.53 | -1.34 ± 0.63 |
| Tropical and Southern Land | 0.25 ± 2.46 | 0.69 ± 2.50 | 0.45 ± 1.35 |
| Tropical Pacific | 0.36 ± 0.44 | 0.38 ± 0.43 | 0.43 ± 0.23 |
| Temperate Oceans | -2.11 ± 0.74 | -2.10 ± 0.71 | -2.14 ± 0.81 |
| High Latitude Oceans | -0.90 ± 0.39 | -0.72 ± 0.36 | -0.46 ± 0.34 |
| Extratropical Oceans | -3.01 ± 0.86 | -2.82 ± 0.82 | -2.60 ± 0.94 |
| Tropical and Southern Oceans | -1.25 ± 0.90 | -1.19 ± 0.84 | -0.74 ± 0.84 |
| Northern Boreal Land | -1.01 ± 2.44 | -0.93 ± 3.07 | -0.94 ± 1.23 |
| Northern Temperate Land | -0.92 ± 2.76 | -0.96 ± 2.92 | -1.20 ± 1.03 |
| Tropical land minus northern land | 2.14 ± 4.18 | 2.40 ± 4.73 | 2.53 ± 1.85 |
| High North Ocean and Boreal Land | -1.41 ± 2.46 | -1.26 ± 3.09 | -1.23 ± 1.24 |
| Northern Temperate Land and Ocean | -1.73 ± 2.81 | -1.66 ± 2.96 | -2.00 ± 1.18 |
| Southern Temperate Land and Ocean | -1.25 ± 1.46 | -1.21 ± 1.43 | -1.27 ± 1.21 |
| Tropical and Southern Land and Ocean | -1.00 ± 2.60 | -0.49 ± 2.62 | -0.29 ± 1.59 |
| Tropics and south minus north | 2.14 ± 4.62 | 2.44 ± 5.08 | 2.94 ± 2.34 |
| Tropical and southern land minus northern land | 2.19 ± 4.47 | 2.59 ± 4.97 | 2.59 ± 2.12 |
Table 58: Long-term mean fossil fuel emissions used in CT2017 compared to CT2008, including average fluxes computed over common time periods..
Table 59: Long-term mean natural flux (biosphere + ocean + fire) from CT2017 compared to CT2007B, including average fluxes computed over common time periods. The uncertainty listed is the one standard deviation level from the ensemble Kalman filter estimate. Units are PgC yr-1.
| 2001-2016 | 2001-2006 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Transcom region | CT2017 | CT2017 | CT2007B |
| North American Boreal | -0.21 ± 0.83 | -0.06 ± 1.06 | -0.14 ± 0.37 |
| North American Temperate | -0.30 ± 0.56 | -0.32 ± 0.79 | -0.54 ± 0.52 |
| South American Tropical | 0.28 ± 1.44 | 0.45 ± 1.60 | 0.08 ± 0.68 |
| South American Temperate | -0.07 ± 1.06 | 0.05 ± 1.10 | -0.03 ± 0.76 |
| Northern Africa | -0.20 ± 1.13 | 0.02 ± 1.10 | 0.03 ± 0.50 |
| Southern Africa | 0.06 ± 0.68 | -0.02 ± 0.70 | 0.21 ± 0.59 |
| Eurasia Boreal | -0.80 ± 2.27 | -0.91 ± 3.08 | -0.64 ± 1.10 |
| Eurasia Temperate | -0.68 ± 1.78 | -0.66 ± 1.87 | -0.32 ± 0.54 |
| Tropical Asia | 0.12 ± 0.45 | 0.07 ± 0.58 | 0.20 ± 0.20 |
| Australia | 0.06 ± 0.33 | 0.09 ± 0.31 | -0.10 ± 0.31 |
| Europe | 0.06 ± 2.02 | 0.11 ± 2.18 | -0.30 ± 0.79 |
| North Pacific Temperate | -0.52 ± 0.41 | -0.45 ± 0.41 | -0.39 ± 0.37 |
| West Pacific Tropical | -0.00 ± 0.08 | 0.01 ± 0.09 | 0.02 ± 0.02 |
| East Pacific Tropical | 0.36 ± 0.43 | 0.38 ± 0.42 | 0.38 ± 0.23 |
| South Pacific Temperate | -0.47 ± 0.34 | -0.44 ± 0.31 | -0.49 ± 0.45 |
| Northern Ocean | -0.40 ± 0.27 | -0.35 ± 0.26 | -0.27 ± 0.19 |
| North Atlantic Temperate | -0.29 ± 0.32 | -0.24 ± 0.31 | -0.40 ± 0.39 |
| Atlantic Tropical | 0.10 ± 0.15 | 0.11 ± 0.16 | 0.19 ± 0.15 |
| South Atlantic Temperate | -0.42 ± 0.22 | -0.50 ± 0.25 | -0.14 ± 0.23 |
| Southern Ocean | -0.50 ± 0.29 | -0.39 ± 0.27 | -0.22 ± 0.32 |
| Indian Tropical | 0.10 ± 0.18 | 0.13 ± 0.21 | 0.16 ± 0.13 |
| South Indian Temperate | -0.40 ± 0.25 | -0.40 ± 0.24 | -0.64 ± 0.24 |
| Not optimized | -0.00 ± 0.00 | -0.00 ± 0.00 | -0.00 ± 0.00 |
| 2001-2016 | 2001-2006 | ||
| Aggregated Transcom region | CT2017 | CT2017 | CT2007B |
| Northern Land | -1.93 ± 3.72 | -1.84 ± 4.47 | -1.94 ± 1.64 |
| Northern Oceans | -1.21 ± 0.59 | -1.03 ± 0.58 | -1.05 ± 0.58 |
| Northern | -3.14 ± 3.76 | -2.88 ± 4.51 | -3.00 ± 1.74 |
| Tropical Land | 0.20 ± 1.90 | 0.54 ± 2.04 | 0.30 ± 0.86 |
| Tropical Ocean | 0.55 ± 0.47 | 0.62 ± 0.49 | 0.74 ± 0.35 |
| Tropical | 0.75 ± 1.94 | 1.16 ± 2.08 | 1.05 ± 0.93 |
| Southern Land | 0.05 ± 1.35 | 0.13 ± 1.34 | 0.08 ± 1.01 |
| Ocean in South | -1.80 ± 0.66 | -1.73 ± 0.60 | -1.49 ± 0.66 |
| Southern | -1.75 ± 1.50 | -1.61 ± 1.47 | -1.41 ± 1.21 |
| Americas | -0.30 ± 2.13 | 0.12 ± 2.43 | -0.63 ± 1.21 |
| Atlantic and Arctic | -1.02 ± 0.49 | -0.97 ± 0.50 | -0.62 ± 0.55 |
| Eurasia and Africa | -0.08 ± 2.42 | 0.11 ± 2.54 | -0.06 ± 1.10 |
| Indian Ocean | -0.30 ± 0.30 | -0.27 ± 0.31 | -0.48 ± 0.26 |
| Asia | -1.29 ± 2.97 | -1.41 ± 3.68 | -0.87 ± 1.30 |
| Pacific Ocean | -0.63 ± 0.67 | -0.51 ± 0.67 | -0.48 ± 0.62 |
| All Land | -1.68 ± 4.47 | -1.18 ± 5.18 | -1.56 ± 2.11 |
| All Ocean | -2.46 ± 1.03 | -2.15 ± 1.00 | -1.80 ± 1.09 |
| Global | -4.14 ± 4.57 | -3.33 ± 5.25 | -3.36 ± 2.37 |
| North America | -0.51 ± 1.01 | -0.38 ± 1.33 | -0.68 ± 0.64 |
| Extratropical Eurasia | -1.42 ± 3.57 | -1.46 ± 4.25 | -1.26 ± 1.50 |
| Temperate Northern Ocean | -0.81 ± 0.51 | -0.69 ± 0.51 | -0.78 ± 0.56 |
| Temperate Southern Ocean | -1.30 ± 0.56 | -1.35 ± 0.53 | -1.27 ± 0.63 |
| Tropical and Southern Land | 0.25 ± 2.46 | 0.67 ± 2.55 | 0.38 ± 1.33 |
| Tropical Pacific | 0.36 ± 0.44 | 0.39 ± 0.44 | 0.40 ± 0.24 |
| Temperate Oceans | -2.11 ± 0.74 | -2.03 ± 0.72 | -2.05 ± 0.79 |
| High Latitude Oceans | -0.90 ± 0.39 | -0.73 ± 0.37 | -0.50 ± 0.36 |
| Extratropical Oceans | -3.01 ± 0.86 | -2.77 ± 0.82 | -2.55 ± 0.93 |
| Tropical and Southern Oceans | -1.25 ± 0.90 | -1.12 ± 0.86 | -0.75 ± 0.87 |
| Northern Boreal Land | -1.01 ± 2.44 | -0.97 ± 3.28 | -0.78 ± 1.17 |
| Northern Temperate Land | -0.92 ± 2.76 | -0.87 ± 2.98 | -1.16 ± 1.10 |
| Tropical land minus northern land | 2.14 ± 4.18 | 2.38 ± 4.92 | 2.25 ± 1.86 |
| High North Ocean and Boreal Land | -1.41 ± 2.46 | -1.32 ± 3.29 | -1.05 ± 1.18 |
| Northern Temperate Land and Ocean | -1.73 ± 2.81 | -1.56 ± 3.02 | -1.94 ± 1.24 |
| Southern Temperate Land and Ocean | -1.25 ± 1.46 | -1.22 ± 1.45 | -1.19 ± 1.20 |
| Tropical and Southern Land and Ocean | -1.00 ± 2.60 | -0.45 ± 2.67 | -0.37 ± 1.59 |
| Tropics and south minus north | 2.14 ± 4.62 | 2.43 ± 5.27 | 2.63 ± 2.34 |
| Tropical and southern land minus northern land | 2.19 ± 4.47 | 2.51 ± 5.16 | 2.33 ± 2.12 |
Table 60: Long-term mean fossil fuel emissions used in CT2017 compared to CT2007B, including average fluxes computed over common time periods..
Table 61: Long-term mean natural flux (biosphere + ocean + fire) from CT2016 compared to CT2015, including average fluxes computed over common time periods. The uncertainty listed is the one standard deviation level from the ensemble Kalman filter estimate. Units are PgC yr-1.
| 2001-2015 | 2001-2014 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Transcom region | CT2016 | CT2016 | CT2015 |
| North American Boreal | -0.14 ± 0.87 | -0.15 ± 0.89 | -0.13 ± 0.86 |
| North American Temperate | -0.35 ± 0.90 | -0.35 ± 0.90 | -0.36 ± 0.91 |
| South American Tropical | 0.17 ± 1.61 | 0.17 ± 1.61 | 0.36 ± 1.58 |
| South American Temperate | -0.11 ± 0.86 | -0.11 ± 0.85 | -0.14 ± 0.86 |
| Northern Africa | -0.19 ± 1.32 | -0.19 ± 1.33 | -0.16 ± 1.40 |
| Southern Africa | 0.11 ± 0.64 | 0.12 ± 0.65 | -0.09 ± 0.69 |
| Eurasia Boreal | -1.00 ± 4.23 | -0.99 ± 4.18 | -0.98 ± 4.23 |
| Eurasia Temperate | -0.43 ± 1.61 | -0.42 ± 1.58 | -0.53 ± 1.60 |
| Tropical Asia | 0.09 ± 0.68 | 0.08 ± 0.68 | 0.24 ± 0.70 |
| Australia | 0.12 ± 0.25 | 0.13 ± 0.26 | 0.09 ± 0.27 |
| Europe | 0.10 ± 2.30 | 0.08 ± 2.30 | 0.06 ± 2.32 |
| North Pacific Temperate | -0.55 ± 0.51 | -0.56 ± 0.52 | -0.54 ± 0.50 |
| West Pacific Tropical | -0.01 ± 0.10 | -0.00 ± 0.10 | 0.00 ± 0.10 |
| East Pacific Tropical | 0.43 ± 0.42 | 0.44 ± 0.43 | 0.42 ± 0.42 |
| South Pacific Temperate | -0.47 ± 0.43 | -0.46 ± 0.43 | -0.47 ± 0.43 |
| Northern Ocean | -0.27 ± 0.27 | -0.27 ± 0.27 | -0.25 ± 0.25 |
| North Atlantic Temperate | -0.27 ± 0.34 | -0.26 ± 0.33 | -0.27 ± 0.34 |
| Atlantic Tropical | 0.10 ± 0.13 | 0.10 ± 0.13 | 0.11 ± 0.13 |
| South Atlantic Temperate | -0.38 ± 0.27 | -0.39 ± 0.28 | -0.41 ± 0.28 |
| Southern Ocean | -0.43 ± 0.33 | -0.43 ± 0.32 | -0.43 ± 0.32 |
| Indian Tropical | 0.12 ± 0.19 | 0.12 ± 0.19 | 0.13 ± 0.19 |
| South Indian Temperate | -0.62 ± 0.45 | -0.63 ± 0.45 | -0.63 ± 0.45 |
| Not optimized | -0.00 ± 0.00 | -0.00 ± 0.00 | -0.00 ± 0.00 |
| 2001-2015 | 2001-2014 | ||
| Aggregated Transcom region | CT2016 | CT2016 | CT2015 |
| Northern Land | -1.83 ± 5.27 | -1.82 ± 5.22 | -1.93 ± 5.28 |
| Northern Oceans | -1.10 ± 0.68 | -1.09 ± 0.67 | -1.06 ± 0.66 |
| Northern | -2.93 ± 5.32 | -2.91 ± 5.26 | -2.99 ± 5.32 |
| Tropical Land | 0.07 ± 2.19 | 0.05 ± 2.21 | 0.45 ± 2.22 |
| Tropical Ocean | 0.64 ± 0.49 | 0.66 ± 0.50 | 0.67 ± 0.49 |
| Tropical | 0.71 ± 2.25 | 0.71 ± 2.26 | 1.12 ± 2.27 |
| Southern Land | 0.12 ± 1.11 | 0.14 ± 1.11 | -0.15 ± 1.14 |
| Ocean in South | -1.90 ± 0.82 | -1.92 ± 0.82 | -1.94 ± 0.82 |
| Southern | -1.78 ± 1.38 | -1.77 ± 1.38 | -2.09 ± 1.41 |
| Americas | -0.43 ± 2.24 | -0.44 ± 2.25 | -0.27 ± 2.21 |
| Atlantic and Arctic | -0.82 ± 0.54 | -0.82 ± 0.54 | -0.82 ± 0.53 |
| Eurasia and Africa | 0.02 ± 2.73 | 0.01 ± 2.73 | -0.19 ± 2.81 |
| Indian Ocean | -0.51 ± 0.48 | -0.52 ± 0.48 | -0.50 ± 0.49 |
| Asia | -1.22 ± 4.59 | -1.20 ± 4.52 | -1.17 ± 4.59 |
| Pacific Ocean | -0.60 ± 0.79 | -0.58 ± 0.79 | -0.59 ± 0.78 |
| All Land | -1.64 ± 5.82 | -1.63 ± 5.77 | -1.63 ± 5.84 |
| All Ocean | -2.36 ± 1.20 | -2.35 ± 1.20 | -2.33 ± 1.19 |
| Global | -4.00 ± 5.94 | -3.97 ± 5.89 | -3.96 ± 5.96 |
| North America | -0.49 ± 1.25 | -0.50 ± 1.27 | -0.49 ± 1.25 |
| Extratropical Eurasia | -1.34 ± 5.10 | -1.33 ± 5.04 | -1.45 ± 5.10 |
| Temperate Northern Ocean | -0.82 ± 0.62 | -0.82 ± 0.62 | -0.81 ± 0.61 |
| Temperate Southern Ocean | -1.48 ± 0.75 | -1.49 ± 0.74 | -1.52 ± 0.75 |
| Tropical and Southern Land | 0.19 ± 2.46 | 0.19 ± 2.47 | 0.30 ± 2.50 |
| Tropical Pacific | 0.42 ± 0.44 | 0.43 ± 0.45 | 0.42 ± 0.44 |
| Temperate Oceans | -2.30 ± 0.97 | -2.31 ± 0.97 | -2.32 ± 0.97 |
| High Latitude Oceans | -0.70 ± 0.42 | -0.70 ± 0.42 | -0.68 ± 0.41 |
| Extratropical Oceans | -3.00 ± 1.09 | -3.00 ± 1.09 | -3.00 ± 1.08 |
| Tropical and Southern Oceans | -1.26 ± 0.97 | -1.26 ± 0.97 | -1.28 ± 0.97 |
| Northern Boreal Land | -1.14 ± 4.34 | -1.14 ± 4.28 | -1.11 ± 4.33 |
| Northern Temperate Land | -0.69 ± 2.98 | -0.69 ± 2.97 | -0.83 ± 3.00 |
| Tropical land minus northern land | 1.89 ± 5.72 | 1.87 ± 5.68 | 2.39 ± 5.73 |
| High North Ocean and Boreal Land | -1.41 ± 4.34 | -1.41 ± 4.29 | -1.36 ± 4.34 |
| Northern Temperate Land and Ocean | -1.51 ± 3.05 | -1.50 ± 3.03 | -1.64 ± 3.06 |
| Southern Temperate Land and Ocean | -1.35 ± 1.34 | -1.35 ± 1.34 | -1.66 ± 1.37 |
| Tropical and Southern Land and Ocean | -1.07 ± 2.64 | -1.06 ± 2.65 | -0.97 ± 2.68 |
| Tropics and south minus north | 1.85 ± 5.94 | 1.84 ± 5.90 | 2.02 ± 5.96 |
| Tropical and southern land minus northern land | 2.02 ± 5.82 | 2.02 ± 5.78 | 2.24 ± 5.85 |
Table 62: Long-term mean fossil fuel emissions used in CT2016 compared to CT2015, including average fluxes computed over common time periods..
Table 63: Long-term mean natural flux (biosphere + ocean + fire) from CT2016 compared to CT2013B, including average fluxes computed over common time periods. The uncertainty listed is the one standard deviation level from the ensemble Kalman filter estimate. Units are PgC yr-1.
| 2001-2015 | 2001-2012 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Transcom region | CT2016 | CT2016 | CT2013B |
| North American Boreal | -0.14 ± 0.87 | -0.13 ± 0.96 | -0.13 ± 0.94 |
| North American Temperate | -0.35 ± 0.90 | -0.34 ± 0.92 | -0.14 ± 0.89 |
| South American Tropical | 0.17 ± 1.61 | 0.18 ± 1.57 | -0.04 ± 1.70 |
| South American Temperate | -0.11 ± 0.86 | -0.09 ± 0.86 | -0.09 ± 1.10 |
| Northern Africa | -0.19 ± 1.32 | -0.17 ± 1.34 | -0.10 ± 1.06 |
| Southern Africa | 0.11 ± 0.64 | 0.12 ± 0.65 | 0.06 ± 1.17 |
| Eurasia Boreal | -1.00 ± 4.23 | -0.98 ± 4.15 | -0.97 ± 3.98 |
| Eurasia Temperate | -0.43 ± 1.61 | -0.41 ± 1.55 | -0.38 ± 1.40 |
| Tropical Asia | 0.09 ± 0.68 | 0.08 ± 0.68 | 0.09 ± 0.61 |
| Australia | 0.12 ± 0.25 | 0.13 ± 0.26 | -0.00 ± 0.34 |
| Europe | 0.10 ± 2.30 | 0.09 ± 2.27 | -0.12 ± 2.04 |
| North Pacific Temperate | -0.55 ± 0.51 | -0.55 ± 0.52 | -0.52 ± 0.44 |
| West Pacific Tropical | -0.01 ± 0.10 | 0.00 ± 0.10 | 0.03 ± 0.09 |
| East Pacific Tropical | 0.43 ± 0.42 | 0.44 ± 0.43 | 0.41 ± 0.40 |
| South Pacific Temperate | -0.47 ± 0.43 | -0.44 ± 0.42 | -0.52 ± 0.50 |
| Northern Ocean | -0.27 ± 0.27 | -0.27 ± 0.26 | -0.30 ± 0.28 |
| North Atlantic Temperate | -0.27 ± 0.34 | -0.27 ± 0.33 | -0.34 ± 0.35 |
| Atlantic Tropical | 0.10 ± 0.13 | 0.11 ± 0.14 | 0.13 ± 0.14 |
| South Atlantic Temperate | -0.38 ± 0.27 | -0.43 ± 0.30 | -0.21 ± 0.25 |
| Southern Ocean | -0.43 ± 0.33 | -0.39 ± 0.31 | -0.43 ± 0.33 |
| Indian Tropical | 0.12 ± 0.19 | 0.12 ± 0.20 | 0.14 ± 0.19 |
| South Indian Temperate | -0.62 ± 0.45 | -0.64 ± 0.44 | -0.56 ± 0.43 |
| Not optimized | -0.00 ± 0.00 | -0.00 ± 0.00 | -0.00 ± 0.00 |
| 2001-2015 | 2001-2012 | ||
| Aggregated Transcom region | CT2016 | CT2016 | CT2013B |
| Northern Land | -1.83 ± 5.27 | -1.77 ± 5.19 | -1.75 ± 4.92 |
| Northern Oceans | -1.10 ± 0.68 | -1.09 ± 0.67 | -1.17 ± 0.62 |
| Northern | -2.93 ± 5.32 | -2.86 ± 5.23 | -2.93 ± 4.96 |
| Tropical Land | 0.07 ± 2.19 | 0.09 ± 2.17 | -0.05 ± 2.10 |
| Tropical Ocean | 0.64 ± 0.49 | 0.67 ± 0.50 | 0.70 ± 0.49 |
| Tropical | 0.71 ± 2.25 | 0.77 ± 2.23 | 0.65 ± 2.15 |
| Southern Land | 0.12 ± 1.11 | 0.16 ± 1.12 | -0.04 ± 1.64 |
| Ocean in South | -1.90 ± 0.82 | -1.90 ± 0.81 | -1.72 ± 0.84 |
| Southern | -1.78 ± 1.38 | -1.74 ± 1.39 | -1.76 ± 1.85 |
| Americas | -0.43 ± 2.24 | -0.39 ± 2.25 | -0.41 ± 2.41 |
| Atlantic and Arctic | -0.82 ± 0.54 | -0.87 ± 0.55 | -0.73 ± 0.54 |
| Eurasia and Africa | 0.02 ± 2.73 | 0.04 ± 2.71 | -0.16 ± 2.58 |
| Indian Ocean | -0.51 ± 0.48 | -0.51 ± 0.48 | -0.41 ± 0.47 |
| Asia | -1.22 ± 4.59 | -1.17 ± 4.49 | -1.27 ± 4.27 |
| Pacific Ocean | -0.60 ± 0.79 | -0.55 ± 0.79 | -0.61 ± 0.77 |
| All Land | -1.64 ± 5.82 | -1.52 ± 5.74 | -1.85 ± 5.60 |
| All Ocean | -2.36 ± 1.20 | -2.32 ± 1.21 | -2.19 ± 1.23 |
| Global | -4.00 ± 5.94 | -3.84 ± 5.86 | -4.03 ± 5.74 |
| North America | -0.49 ± 1.25 | -0.48 ± 1.33 | -0.28 ± 1.29 |
| Extratropical Eurasia | -1.34 ± 5.10 | -1.29 ± 4.99 | -1.48 ± 4.72 |
| Temperate Northern Ocean | -0.82 ± 0.62 | -0.82 ± 0.62 | -0.87 ± 0.57 |
| Temperate Southern Ocean | -1.48 ± 0.75 | -1.51 ± 0.74 | -1.28 ± 0.78 |
| Tropical and Southern Land | 0.19 ± 2.46 | 0.25 ± 2.45 | -0.09 ± 2.67 |
| Tropical Pacific | 0.42 ± 0.44 | 0.44 ± 0.45 | 0.43 ± 0.42 |
| Temperate Oceans | -2.30 ± 0.97 | -2.33 ± 0.97 | -2.15 ± 0.97 |
| High Latitude Oceans | -0.70 ± 0.42 | -0.67 ± 0.41 | -0.74 ± 0.43 |
| Extratropical Oceans | -3.00 ± 1.09 | -2.99 ± 1.09 | -2.89 ± 1.09 |
| Tropical and Southern Oceans | -1.26 ± 0.97 | -1.23 ± 0.98 | -1.01 ± 1.02 |
| Northern Boreal Land | -1.14 ± 4.34 | -1.11 ± 4.27 | -1.11 ± 4.10 |
| Northern Temperate Land | -0.69 ± 2.98 | -0.66 ± 2.94 | -0.65 ± 2.66 |
| Tropical land minus northern land | 1.89 ± 5.72 | 1.86 ± 5.63 | 1.70 ± 5.35 |
| High North Ocean and Boreal Land | -1.41 ± 4.34 | -1.38 ± 4.28 | -1.41 ± 4.12 |
| Northern Temperate Land and Ocean | -1.51 ± 3.05 | -1.48 ± 3.00 | -1.51 ± 2.72 |
| Southern Temperate Land and Ocean | -1.35 ± 1.34 | -1.35 ± 1.34 | -1.32 ± 1.82 |
| Tropical and Southern Land and Ocean | -1.07 ± 2.64 | -0.97 ± 2.64 | -1.11 ± 2.86 |
| Tropics and south minus north | 1.85 ± 5.94 | 1.89 ± 5.86 | 1.82 ± 5.72 |
| Tropical and southern land minus northern land | 2.02 ± 5.82 | 2.02 ± 5.74 | 1.66 ± 5.60 |
Table 64: Long-term mean fossil fuel emissions used in CT2016 compared to CT2013B, including average fluxes computed over common time periods..
Table 65: Long-term mean natural flux (biosphere + ocean + fire) from CT2016 compared to CT2013, including average fluxes computed over common time periods. The uncertainty listed is the one standard deviation level from the ensemble Kalman filter estimate. Units are PgC yr-1.
| 2001-2015 | 2001-2012 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Transcom region | CT2016 | CT2016 | CT2013 |
| North American Boreal | -0.14 ± 0.87 | -0.13 ± 0.96 | -0.17 ± 0.79 |
| North American Temperate | -0.35 ± 0.90 | -0.34 ± 0.92 | -0.44 ± 0.78 |
| South American Tropical | 0.17 ± 1.61 | 0.18 ± 1.57 | 0.01 ± 1.63 |
| South American Temperate | -0.11 ± 0.86 | -0.09 ± 0.86 | 0.04 ± 1.13 |
| Northern Africa | -0.19 ± 1.32 | -0.17 ± 1.34 | -0.09 ± 1.01 |
| Southern Africa | 0.11 ± 0.64 | 0.12 ± 0.65 | 0.08 ± 1.11 |
| Eurasia Boreal | -1.00 ± 4.23 | -0.98 ± 4.15 | -0.99 ± 3.49 |
| Eurasia Temperate | -0.43 ± 1.61 | -0.41 ± 1.55 | -0.38 ± 1.33 |
| Tropical Asia | 0.09 ± 0.68 | 0.08 ± 0.68 | 0.12 ± 0.56 |
| Australia | 0.12 ± 0.25 | 0.13 ± 0.26 | 0.02 ± 0.32 |
| Europe | 0.10 ± 2.30 | 0.09 ± 2.27 | -0.38 ± 1.81 |
| North Pacific Temperate | -0.55 ± 0.51 | -0.55 ± 0.52 | -0.44 ± 0.37 |
| West Pacific Tropical | -0.01 ± 0.10 | 0.00 ± 0.10 | 0.03 ± 0.09 |
| East Pacific Tropical | 0.43 ± 0.42 | 0.44 ± 0.43 | 0.41 ± 0.40 |
| South Pacific Temperate | -0.47 ± 0.43 | -0.44 ± 0.42 | -0.54 ± 0.52 |
| Northern Ocean | -0.27 ± 0.27 | -0.27 ± 0.26 | -0.30 ± 0.26 |
| North Atlantic Temperate | -0.27 ± 0.34 | -0.27 ± 0.33 | -0.30 ± 0.32 |
| Atlantic Tropical | 0.10 ± 0.13 | 0.11 ± 0.14 | 0.13 ± 0.14 |
| South Atlantic Temperate | -0.38 ± 0.27 | -0.43 ± 0.30 | -0.18 ± 0.21 |
| Southern Ocean | -0.43 ± 0.33 | -0.39 ± 0.31 | -0.31 ± 0.28 |
| Indian Tropical | 0.12 ± 0.19 | 0.12 ± 0.20 | 0.15 ± 0.19 |
| South Indian Temperate | -0.62 ± 0.45 | -0.64 ± 0.44 | -0.53 ± 0.43 |
| Not optimized | -0.00 ± 0.00 | -0.00 ± 0.00 | -0.00 ± 0.00 |
| 2001-2015 | 2001-2012 | ||
| Aggregated Transcom region | CT2016 | CT2016 | CT2013 |
| Northern Land | -1.83 ± 5.27 | -1.77 ± 5.19 | -2.35 ± 4.36 |
| Northern Oceans | -1.10 ± 0.68 | -1.09 ± 0.67 | -1.04 ± 0.55 |
| Northern | -2.93 ± 5.32 | -2.86 ± 5.23 | -3.39 ± 4.39 |
| Tropical Land | 0.07 ± 2.19 | 0.09 ± 2.17 | 0.04 ± 2.00 |
| Tropical Ocean | 0.64 ± 0.49 | 0.67 ± 0.50 | 0.72 ± 0.49 |
| Tropical | 0.71 ± 2.25 | 0.77 ± 2.23 | 0.75 ± 2.06 |
| Southern Land | 0.12 ± 1.11 | 0.16 ± 1.12 | 0.14 ± 1.62 |
| Ocean in South | -1.90 ± 0.82 | -1.90 ± 0.81 | -1.56 ± 0.85 |
| Southern | -1.78 ± 1.38 | -1.74 ± 1.39 | -1.41 ± 1.83 |
| Americas | -0.43 ± 2.24 | -0.39 ± 2.25 | -0.56 ± 2.29 |
| Atlantic and Arctic | -0.82 ± 0.54 | -0.87 ± 0.55 | -0.64 ± 0.49 |
| Eurasia and Africa | 0.02 ± 2.73 | 0.04 ± 2.71 | -0.38 ± 2.36 |
| Indian Ocean | -0.51 ± 0.48 | -0.51 ± 0.48 | -0.39 ± 0.47 |
| Asia | -1.22 ± 4.59 | -1.17 ± 4.49 | -1.23 ± 3.80 |
| Pacific Ocean | -0.60 ± 0.79 | -0.55 ± 0.79 | -0.54 ± 0.76 |
| All Land | -1.64 ± 5.82 | -1.52 ± 5.74 | -2.17 ± 5.07 |
| All Ocean | -2.36 ± 1.20 | -2.32 ± 1.21 | -1.88 ± 1.17 |
| Global | -4.00 ± 5.94 | -3.84 ± 5.86 | -4.05 ± 5.20 |
| North America | -0.49 ± 1.25 | -0.48 ± 1.33 | -0.61 ± 1.12 |
| Extratropical Eurasia | -1.34 ± 5.10 | -1.29 ± 4.99 | -1.74 ± 4.18 |
| Temperate Northern Ocean | -0.82 ± 0.62 | -0.82 ± 0.62 | -0.74 ± 0.49 |
| Temperate Southern Ocean | -1.48 ± 0.75 | -1.51 ± 0.74 | -1.25 ± 0.81 |
| Tropical and Southern Land | 0.19 ± 2.46 | 0.25 ± 2.45 | 0.18 ± 2.58 |
| Tropical Pacific | 0.42 ± 0.44 | 0.44 ± 0.45 | 0.44 ± 0.42 |
| Temperate Oceans | -2.30 ± 0.97 | -2.33 ± 0.97 | -1.99 ± 0.94 |
| High Latitude Oceans | -0.70 ± 0.42 | -0.67 ± 0.41 | -0.61 ± 0.38 |
| Extratropical Oceans | -3.00 ± 1.09 | -2.99 ± 1.09 | -2.60 ± 1.03 |
| Tropical and Southern Oceans | -1.26 ± 0.97 | -1.23 ± 0.98 | -0.84 ± 1.03 |
| Northern Boreal Land | -1.14 ± 4.34 | -1.11 ± 4.27 | -1.16 ± 3.59 |
| Northern Temperate Land | -0.69 ± 2.98 | -0.66 ± 2.94 | -1.19 ± 2.41 |
| Tropical land minus northern land | 1.89 ± 5.72 | 1.86 ± 5.63 | 2.38 ± 4.80 |
| High North Ocean and Boreal Land | -1.41 ± 4.34 | -1.38 ± 4.28 | -1.45 ± 3.60 |
| Northern Temperate Land and Ocean | -1.51 ± 3.05 | -1.48 ± 3.00 | -1.93 ± 2.46 |
| Southern Temperate Land and Ocean | -1.35 ± 1.34 | -1.35 ± 1.34 | -1.10 ± 1.82 |
| Tropical and Southern Land and Ocean | -1.07 ± 2.64 | -0.97 ± 2.64 | -0.66 ± 2.78 |
| Tropics and south minus north | 1.85 ± 5.94 | 1.89 ± 5.86 | 2.73 ± 5.20 |
| Tropical and southern land minus northern land | 2.02 ± 5.82 | 2.02 ± 5.74 | 2.53 ± 5.07 |
Table 66: Long-term mean fossil fuel emissions used in CT2016 compared to CT2013, including average fluxes computed over common time periods..
Table 67: Long-term mean natural flux (biosphere + ocean + fire) from CT2016 compared to CT2011_oi, including average fluxes computed over common time periods. The uncertainty listed is the one standard deviation level from the ensemble Kalman filter estimate. Units are PgC yr-1.
| 2001-2015 | 2001-2010 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Transcom region | CT2016 | CT2016 | CT2011_oi |
| North American Boreal | -0.14 ± 0.87 | -0.11 ± 1.01 | -0.13 ± 0.91 |
| North American Temperate | -0.35 ± 0.90 | -0.36 ± 0.97 | -0.45 ± 0.87 |
| South American Tropical | 0.17 ± 1.61 | 0.23 ± 1.57 | 0.18 ± 1.53 |
| South American Temperate | -0.11 ± 0.86 | -0.02 ± 0.82 | 0.09 ± 1.18 |
| Northern Africa | -0.19 ± 1.32 | -0.15 ± 1.35 | -0.05 ± 0.99 |
| Southern Africa | 0.11 ± 0.64 | 0.13 ± 0.65 | 0.13 ± 1.02 |
| Eurasia Boreal | -1.00 ± 4.23 | -0.98 ± 4.10 | -0.96 ± 3.40 |
| Eurasia Temperate | -0.43 ± 1.61 | -0.36 ± 1.49 | -0.37 ± 1.35 |
| Tropical Asia | 0.09 ± 0.68 | 0.08 ± 0.69 | 0.16 ± 0.55 |
| Australia | 0.12 ± 0.25 | 0.13 ± 0.24 | -0.02 ± 0.46 |
| Europe | 0.10 ± 2.30 | 0.11 ± 2.24 | -0.35 ± 1.82 |
| North Pacific Temperate | -0.55 ± 0.51 | -0.55 ± 0.52 | -0.40 ± 0.40 |
| West Pacific Tropical | -0.01 ± 0.10 | 0.01 ± 0.10 | 0.02 ± 0.09 |
| East Pacific Tropical | 0.43 ± 0.42 | 0.44 ± 0.42 | 0.35 ± 0.35 |
| South Pacific Temperate | -0.47 ± 0.43 | -0.43 ± 0.41 | -0.58 ± 0.57 |
| Northern Ocean | -0.27 ± 0.27 | -0.27 ± 0.26 | -0.24 ± 0.23 |
| North Atlantic Temperate | -0.27 ± 0.34 | -0.26 ± 0.33 | -0.39 ± 0.39 |
| Atlantic Tropical | 0.10 ± 0.13 | 0.11 ± 0.14 | 0.18 ± 0.16 |
| South Atlantic Temperate | -0.38 ± 0.27 | -0.46 ± 0.32 | -0.17 ± 0.21 |
| Southern Ocean | -0.43 ± 0.33 | -0.35 ± 0.30 | -0.27 ± 0.26 |
| Indian Tropical | 0.12 ± 0.19 | 0.13 ± 0.20 | 0.18 ± 0.22 |
| South Indian Temperate | -0.62 ± 0.45 | -0.64 ± 0.44 | -0.67 ± 0.45 |
| Not optimized | -0.00 ± 0.00 | -0.00 ± 0.00 | -0.00 ± 0.00 |
| 2001-2015 | 2001-2010 | ||
| Aggregated Transcom region | CT2016 | CT2016 | CT2011_oi |
| Northern Land | -1.83 ± 5.27 | -1.70 ± 5.13 | -2.27 ± 4.33 |
| Northern Oceans | -1.10 ± 0.68 | -1.08 ± 0.67 | -1.02 ± 0.61 |
| Northern | -2.93 ± 5.32 | -2.78 ± 5.17 | -3.30 ± 4.37 |
| Tropical Land | 0.07 ± 2.19 | 0.17 ± 2.19 | 0.29 ± 1.90 |
| Tropical Ocean | 0.64 ± 0.49 | 0.69 ± 0.50 | 0.72 ± 0.51 |
| Tropical | 0.71 ± 2.25 | 0.86 ± 2.25 | 1.01 ± 1.97 |
| Southern Land | 0.12 ± 1.11 | 0.23 ± 1.09 | 0.20 ± 1.63 |
| Ocean in South | -1.90 ± 0.82 | -1.89 ± 0.81 | -1.69 ± 0.90 |
| Southern | -1.78 ± 1.38 | -1.66 ± 1.36 | -1.49 ± 1.87 |
| Americas | -0.43 ± 2.24 | -0.26 ± 2.29 | -0.32 ± 2.32 |
| Atlantic and Arctic | -0.82 ± 0.54 | -0.88 ± 0.55 | -0.61 ± 0.55 |
| Eurasia and Africa | 0.02 ± 2.73 | 0.09 ± 2.69 | -0.28 ± 2.31 |
| Indian Ocean | -0.51 ± 0.48 | -0.51 ± 0.48 | -0.50 ± 0.49 |
| Asia | -1.22 ± 4.59 | -1.13 ± 4.42 | -1.19 ± 3.73 |
| Pacific Ocean | -0.60 ± 0.79 | -0.53 ± 0.78 | -0.62 ± 0.76 |
| All Land | -1.64 ± 5.82 | -1.30 ± 5.68 | -1.79 ± 5.00 |
| All Ocean | -2.36 ± 1.20 | -2.28 ± 1.20 | -2.00 ± 1.23 |
| Global | -4.00 ± 5.94 | -3.58 ± 5.80 | -3.78 ± 5.15 |
| North America | -0.49 ± 1.25 | -0.47 ± 1.40 | -0.59 ± 1.27 |
| Extratropical Eurasia | -1.34 ± 5.10 | -1.23 ± 4.91 | -1.69 ± 4.12 |
| Temperate Northern Ocean | -0.82 ± 0.62 | -0.81 ± 0.61 | -0.79 ± 0.57 |
| Temperate Southern Ocean | -1.48 ± 0.75 | -1.54 ± 0.73 | -1.42 ± 0.86 |
| Tropical and Southern Land | 0.19 ± 2.46 | 0.40 ± 2.45 | 0.48 ± 2.50 |
| Tropical Pacific | 0.42 ± 0.44 | 0.45 ± 0.44 | 0.37 ± 0.37 |
| Temperate Oceans | -2.30 ± 0.97 | -2.35 ± 0.97 | -2.21 ± 1.02 |
| High Latitude Oceans | -0.70 ± 0.42 | -0.63 ± 0.39 | -0.51 ± 0.33 |
| Extratropical Oceans | -3.00 ± 1.09 | -2.97 ± 1.08 | -2.72 ± 1.14 |
| Tropical and Southern Oceans | -1.26 ± 0.97 | -1.20 ± 0.97 | -0.97 ± 1.03 |
| Northern Boreal Land | -1.14 ± 4.34 | -1.09 ± 4.23 | -1.09 ± 3.52 |
| Northern Temperate Land | -0.69 ± 2.98 | -0.61 ± 2.90 | -1.18 ± 2.46 |
| Tropical land minus northern land | 1.89 ± 5.72 | 1.86 ± 5.59 | 2.56 ± 4.74 |
| High North Ocean and Boreal Land | -1.41 ± 4.34 | -1.36 ± 4.24 | -1.33 ± 3.53 |
| Northern Temperate Land and Ocean | -1.51 ± 3.05 | -1.42 ± 2.97 | -1.96 ± 2.53 |
| Southern Temperate Land and Ocean | -1.35 ± 1.34 | -1.30 ± 1.31 | -1.22 ± 1.85 |
| Tropical and Southern Land and Ocean | -1.07 ± 2.64 | -0.80 ± 2.63 | -0.49 ± 2.71 |
| Tropics and south minus north | 1.85 ± 5.94 | 1.98 ± 5.81 | 2.81 ± 5.14 |
| Tropical and southern land minus northern land | 2.02 ± 5.82 | 2.10 ± 5.69 | 2.76 ± 5.01 |
Table 68: Long-term mean fossil fuel emissions used in CT2016 compared to CT2011_oi, including average fluxes computed over common time periods..
Table 69: Long-term mean natural flux (biosphere + ocean + fire) from CT2016 compared to CT2010, including average fluxes computed over common time periods. The uncertainty listed is the one standard deviation level from the ensemble Kalman filter estimate. Units are PgC yr-1.
| 2001-2015 | 2001-2009 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Transcom region | CT2016 | CT2016 | CT2010 |
| North American Boreal | -0.14 ± 0.87 | -0.10 ± 1.02 | -0.11 ± 0.35 |
| North American Temperate | -0.35 ± 0.90 | -0.33 ± 1.01 | -0.49 ± 0.39 |
| South American Tropical | 0.17 ± 1.61 | 0.22 ± 1.58 | 0.13 ± 0.67 |
| South American Temperate | -0.11 ± 0.86 | -0.01 ± 0.80 | -0.03 ± 0.78 |
| Northern Africa | -0.19 ± 1.32 | -0.15 ± 1.34 | 0.02 ± 0.50 |
| Southern Africa | 0.11 ± 0.64 | 0.10 ± 0.66 | 0.10 ± 0.62 |
| Eurasia Boreal | -1.00 ± 4.23 | -0.97 ± 4.10 | -0.83 ± 1.16 |
| Eurasia Temperate | -0.43 ± 1.61 | -0.36 ± 1.47 | -0.35 ± 0.54 |
| Tropical Asia | 0.09 ± 0.68 | 0.07 ± 0.69 | 0.15 ± 0.20 |
| Australia | 0.12 ± 0.25 | 0.15 ± 0.24 | -0.09 ± 0.31 |
| Europe | 0.10 ± 2.30 | 0.07 ± 2.20 | -0.28 ± 0.75 |
| North Pacific Temperate | -0.55 ± 0.51 | -0.54 ± 0.51 | -0.40 ± 0.38 |
| West Pacific Tropical | -0.01 ± 0.10 | 0.01 ± 0.10 | 0.02 ± 0.01 |
| East Pacific Tropical | 0.43 ± 0.42 | 0.44 ± 0.42 | 0.39 ± 0.23 |
| South Pacific Temperate | -0.47 ± 0.43 | -0.42 ± 0.40 | -0.57 ± 0.46 |
| Northern Ocean | -0.27 ± 0.27 | -0.27 ± 0.26 | -0.29 ± 0.19 |
| North Atlantic Temperate | -0.27 ± 0.34 | -0.27 ± 0.33 | -0.37 ± 0.41 |
| Atlantic Tropical | 0.10 ± 0.13 | 0.11 ± 0.14 | 0.19 ± 0.15 |
| South Atlantic Temperate | -0.38 ± 0.27 | -0.47 ± 0.32 | -0.14 ± 0.25 |
| Southern Ocean | -0.43 ± 0.33 | -0.34 ± 0.29 | -0.19 ± 0.32 |
| Indian Tropical | 0.12 ± 0.19 | 0.13 ± 0.20 | 0.16 ± 0.12 |
| South Indian Temperate | -0.62 ± 0.45 | -0.64 ± 0.43 | -0.69 ± 0.24 |
| Not optimized | -0.00 ± 0.00 | -0.00 ± 0.00 | -0.00 ± 0.00 |
| 2001-2015 | 2001-2009 | ||
| Aggregated Transcom region | CT2016 | CT2016 | CT2010 |
| Northern Land | -1.83 ± 5.27 | -1.69 ± 5.11 | -2.06 ± 1.62 |
| Northern Oceans | -1.10 ± 0.68 | -1.08 ± 0.66 | -1.07 ± 0.61 |
| Northern | -2.93 ± 5.32 | -2.77 ± 5.15 | -3.13 ± 1.73 |
| Tropical Land | 0.07 ± 2.19 | 0.14 ± 2.19 | 0.30 ± 0.85 |
| Tropical Ocean | 0.64 ± 0.49 | 0.69 ± 0.50 | 0.75 ± 0.34 |
| Tropical | 0.71 ± 2.25 | 0.83 ± 2.24 | 1.06 ± 0.92 |
| Southern Land | 0.12 ± 1.11 | 0.24 ± 1.08 | -0.02 ± 1.04 |
| Ocean in South | -1.90 ± 0.82 | -1.86 ± 0.79 | -1.58 ± 0.66 |
| Southern | -1.78 ± 1.38 | -1.62 ± 1.34 | -1.60 ± 1.23 |
| Americas | -0.43 ± 2.24 | -0.21 ± 2.31 | -0.50 ± 1.15 |
| Atlantic and Arctic | -0.82 ± 0.54 | -0.89 ± 0.55 | -0.62 ± 0.58 |
| Eurasia and Africa | 0.02 ± 2.73 | 0.02 ± 2.66 | -0.16 ± 1.09 |
| Indian Ocean | -0.51 ± 0.48 | -0.50 ± 0.47 | -0.53 ± 0.26 |
| Asia | -1.22 ± 4.59 | -1.12 ± 4.41 | -1.11 ± 1.34 |
| Pacific Ocean | -0.60 ± 0.79 | -0.52 ± 0.77 | -0.56 ± 0.61 |
| All Land | -1.64 ± 5.82 | -1.31 ± 5.66 | -1.78 ± 2.10 |
| All Ocean | -2.36 ± 1.20 | -2.25 ± 1.18 | -1.89 ± 1.09 |
| Global | -4.00 ± 5.94 | -3.56 ± 5.78 | -3.67 ± 2.37 |
| North America | -0.49 ± 1.25 | -0.43 ± 1.44 | -0.60 ± 0.52 |
| Extratropical Eurasia | -1.34 ± 5.10 | -1.26 ± 4.88 | -1.46 ± 1.52 |
| Temperate Northern Ocean | -0.82 ± 0.62 | -0.81 ± 0.61 | -0.77 ± 0.59 |
| Temperate Southern Ocean | -1.48 ± 0.75 | -1.53 ± 0.72 | -1.39 ± 0.63 |
| Tropical and Southern Land | 0.19 ± 2.46 | 0.38 ± 2.44 | 0.28 ± 1.34 |
| Tropical Pacific | 0.42 ± 0.44 | 0.45 ± 0.44 | 0.41 ± 0.23 |
| Temperate Oceans | -2.30 ± 0.97 | -2.33 ± 0.95 | -2.17 ± 0.81 |
| High Latitude Oceans | -0.70 ± 0.42 | -0.61 ± 0.39 | -0.48 ± 0.35 |
| Extratropical Oceans | -3.00 ± 1.09 | -2.94 ± 1.06 | -2.65 ± 0.96 |
| Tropical and Southern Oceans | -1.26 ± 0.97 | -1.17 ± 0.95 | -0.83 ± 0.85 |
| Northern Boreal Land | -1.14 ± 4.34 | -1.07 ± 4.23 | -0.94 ± 1.21 |
| Northern Temperate Land | -0.69 ± 2.98 | -0.62 ± 2.87 | -1.12 ± 1.02 |
| Tropical land minus northern land | 1.89 ± 5.72 | 1.82 ± 5.56 | 2.36 ± 1.83 |
| High North Ocean and Boreal Land | -1.41 ± 4.34 | -1.34 ± 4.24 | -1.23 ± 1.23 |
| Northern Temperate Land and Ocean | -1.51 ± 3.05 | -1.43 ± 2.93 | -1.89 ± 1.18 |
| Southern Temperate Land and Ocean | -1.35 ± 1.34 | -1.28 ± 1.30 | -1.41 ± 1.21 |
| Tropical and Southern Land and Ocean | -1.07 ± 2.64 | -0.79 ± 2.62 | -0.54 ± 1.58 |
| Tropics and south minus north | 1.85 ± 5.94 | 1.98 ± 5.78 | 2.59 ± 2.33 |
| Tropical and southern land minus northern land | 2.02 ± 5.82 | 2.07 ± 5.66 | 2.35 ± 2.10 |
Table 70: Long-term mean fossil fuel emissions used in CT2016 compared to CT2010, including average fluxes computed over common time periods..
Table 71: Long-term mean natural flux (biosphere + ocean + fire) from CT2016 compared to CT2009, including average fluxes computed over common time periods. The uncertainty listed is the one standard deviation level from the ensemble Kalman filter estimate. Units are PgC yr-1.
| 2001-2015 | 2001-2008 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Transcom region | CT2016 | CT2016 | CT2009 |
| North American Boreal | -0.14 ± 0.87 | -0.08 ± 1.00 | -0.11 ± 0.36 |
| North American Temperate | -0.35 ± 0.90 | -0.31 ± 1.04 | -0.49 ± 0.41 |
| South American Tropical | 0.17 ± 1.61 | 0.24 ± 1.60 | 0.15 ± 0.68 |
| South American Temperate | -0.11 ± 0.86 | -0.02 ± 0.80 | -0.03 ± 0.78 |
| Northern Africa | -0.19 ± 1.32 | -0.13 ± 1.35 | 0.03 ± 0.50 |
| Southern Africa | 0.11 ± 0.64 | 0.12 ± 0.64 | 0.12 ± 0.63 |
| Eurasia Boreal | -1.00 ± 4.23 | -0.98 ± 4.14 | -0.80 ± 1.16 |
| Eurasia Temperate | -0.43 ± 1.61 | -0.30 ± 1.43 | -0.35 ± 0.54 |
| Tropical Asia | 0.09 ± 0.68 | 0.08 ± 0.70 | 0.16 ± 0.20 |
| Australia | 0.12 ± 0.25 | 0.15 ± 0.24 | -0.09 ± 0.32 |
| Europe | 0.10 ± 2.30 | 0.04 ± 2.20 | -0.25 ± 0.76 |
| North Pacific Temperate | -0.55 ± 0.51 | -0.55 ± 0.52 | -0.41 ± 0.38 |
| West Pacific Tropical | -0.01 ± 0.10 | 0.01 ± 0.10 | 0.02 ± 0.01 |
| East Pacific Tropical | 0.43 ± 0.42 | 0.45 ± 0.42 | 0.40 ± 0.23 |
| South Pacific Temperate | -0.47 ± 0.43 | -0.42 ± 0.40 | -0.56 ± 0.46 |
| Northern Ocean | -0.27 ± 0.27 | -0.28 ± 0.26 | -0.29 ± 0.19 |
| North Atlantic Temperate | -0.27 ± 0.34 | -0.26 ± 0.32 | -0.37 ± 0.41 |
| Atlantic Tropical | 0.10 ± 0.13 | 0.11 ± 0.14 | 0.19 ± 0.15 |
| South Atlantic Temperate | -0.38 ± 0.27 | -0.47 ± 0.32 | -0.14 ± 0.25 |
| Southern Ocean | -0.43 ± 0.33 | -0.32 ± 0.29 | -0.19 ± 0.31 |
| Indian Tropical | 0.12 ± 0.19 | 0.14 ± 0.21 | 0.16 ± 0.12 |
| South Indian Temperate | -0.62 ± 0.45 | -0.63 ± 0.43 | -0.68 ± 0.24 |
| Not optimized | -0.00 ± 0.00 | -0.00 ± 0.00 | -0.00 ± 0.00 |
| 2001-2015 | 2001-2008 | ||
| Aggregated Transcom region | CT2016 | CT2016 | CT2009 |
| Northern Land | -1.83 ± 5.27 | -1.64 ± 5.14 | -2.00 ± 1.63 |
| Northern Oceans | -1.10 ± 0.68 | -1.08 ± 0.66 | -1.07 ± 0.61 |
| Northern | -2.93 ± 5.32 | -2.71 ± 5.18 | -3.08 ± 1.74 |
| Tropical Land | 0.07 ± 2.19 | 0.18 ± 2.20 | 0.35 ± 0.86 |
| Tropical Ocean | 0.64 ± 0.49 | 0.71 ± 0.50 | 0.76 ± 0.34 |
| Tropical | 0.71 ± 2.25 | 0.89 ± 2.26 | 1.11 ± 0.93 |
| Southern Land | 0.12 ± 1.11 | 0.25 ± 1.06 | -0.00 ± 1.05 |
| Ocean in South | -1.90 ± 0.82 | -1.84 ± 0.79 | -1.57 ± 0.66 |
| Southern | -1.78 ± 1.38 | -1.59 ± 1.32 | -1.57 ± 1.24 |
| Americas | -0.43 ± 2.24 | -0.17 ± 2.32 | -0.47 ± 1.16 |
| Atlantic and Arctic | -0.82 ± 0.54 | -0.88 ± 0.54 | -0.61 ± 0.58 |
| Eurasia and Africa | 0.02 ± 2.73 | 0.03 ± 2.66 | -0.10 ± 1.11 |
| Indian Ocean | -0.51 ± 0.48 | -0.49 ± 0.47 | -0.53 ± 0.26 |
| Asia | -1.22 ± 4.59 | -1.06 ± 4.44 | -1.08 ± 1.35 |
| Pacific Ocean | -0.60 ± 0.79 | -0.50 ± 0.77 | -0.56 ± 0.61 |
| All Land | -1.64 ± 5.82 | -1.21 ± 5.69 | -1.65 ± 2.12 |
| All Ocean | -2.36 ± 1.20 | -2.20 ± 1.18 | -1.89 ± 1.09 |
| Global | -4.00 ± 5.94 | -3.41 ± 5.81 | -3.54 ± 2.38 |
| North America | -0.49 ± 1.25 | -0.39 ± 1.44 | -0.59 ± 0.54 |
| Extratropical Eurasia | -1.34 ± 5.10 | -1.25 ± 4.91 | -1.41 ± 1.53 |
| Temperate Northern Ocean | -0.82 ± 0.62 | -0.80 ± 0.61 | -0.79 ± 0.59 |
| Temperate Southern Ocean | -1.48 ± 0.75 | -1.51 ± 0.71 | -1.38 ± 0.63 |
| Tropical and Southern Land | 0.19 ± 2.46 | 0.43 ± 2.45 | 0.35 ± 1.35 |
| Tropical Pacific | 0.42 ± 0.44 | 0.46 ± 0.44 | 0.42 ± 0.23 |
| Temperate Oceans | -2.30 ± 0.97 | -2.31 ± 0.95 | -2.17 ± 0.81 |
| High Latitude Oceans | -0.70 ± 0.42 | -0.60 ± 0.39 | -0.47 ± 0.35 |
| Extratropical Oceans | -3.00 ± 1.09 | -2.91 ± 1.07 | -2.64 ± 0.95 |
| Tropical and Southern Oceans | -1.26 ± 0.97 | -1.12 ± 0.95 | -0.81 ± 0.85 |
| Northern Boreal Land | -1.14 ± 4.34 | -1.06 ± 4.27 | -0.91 ± 1.22 |
| Northern Temperate Land | -0.69 ± 2.98 | -0.58 ± 2.86 | -1.09 ± 1.04 |
| Tropical land minus northern land | 1.89 ± 5.72 | 1.82 ± 5.60 | 2.35 ± 1.85 |
| High North Ocean and Boreal Land | -1.41 ± 4.34 | -1.33 ± 4.28 | -1.20 ± 1.23 |
| Northern Temperate Land and Ocean | -1.51 ± 3.05 | -1.38 ± 2.93 | -1.88 ± 1.20 |
| Southern Temperate Land and Ocean | -1.35 ± 1.34 | -1.26 ± 1.28 | -1.38 ± 1.22 |
| Tropical and Southern Land and Ocean | -1.07 ± 2.64 | -0.69 ± 2.63 | -0.46 ± 1.60 |
| Tropics and south minus north | 1.85 ± 5.94 | 2.02 ± 5.81 | 2.61 ± 2.34 |
| Tropical and southern land minus northern land | 2.02 ± 5.82 | 2.07 ± 5.70 | 2.35 ± 2.12 |
Table 72: Long-term mean fossil fuel emissions used in CT2016 compared to CT2009, including average fluxes computed over common time periods..
Table 73: Long-term mean natural flux (biosphere + ocean + fire) from CT2016 compared to CT2008, including average fluxes computed over common time periods. The uncertainty listed is the one standard deviation level from the ensemble Kalman filter estimate. Units are PgC yr-1.
| 2001-2015 | 2001-2007 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Transcom region | CT2016 | CT2016 | CT2008 |
| North American Boreal | -0.14 ± 0.87 | -0.08 ± 1.04 | -0.12 ± 0.37 |
| North American Temperate | -0.35 ± 0.90 | -0.34 ± 1.08 | -0.60 ± 0.44 |
| South American Tropical | 0.17 ± 1.61 | 0.23 ± 1.58 | 0.17 ± 0.67 |
| South American Temperate | -0.11 ± 0.86 | -0.01 ± 0.79 | -0.04 ± 0.78 |
| Northern Africa | -0.19 ± 1.32 | -0.11 ± 1.33 | 0.02 ± 0.50 |
| Southern Africa | 0.11 ± 0.64 | 0.15 ± 0.61 | 0.17 ± 0.62 |
| Eurasia Boreal | -1.00 ± 4.23 | -0.94 ± 4.15 | -0.82 ± 1.17 |
| Eurasia Temperate | -0.43 ± 1.61 | -0.30 ± 1.42 | -0.35 ± 0.54 |
| Tropical Asia | 0.09 ± 0.68 | 0.08 ± 0.70 | 0.19 ± 0.21 |
| Australia | 0.12 ± 0.25 | 0.15 ± 0.24 | -0.06 ± 0.31 |
| Europe | 0.10 ± 2.30 | 0.05 ± 2.18 | -0.25 ± 0.73 |
| North Pacific Temperate | -0.55 ± 0.51 | -0.55 ± 0.52 | -0.42 ± 0.38 |
| West Pacific Tropical | -0.01 ± 0.10 | 0.01 ± 0.10 | 0.02 ± 0.01 |
| East Pacific Tropical | 0.43 ± 0.42 | 0.45 ± 0.42 | 0.41 ± 0.23 |
| South Pacific Temperate | -0.47 ± 0.43 | -0.40 ± 0.38 | -0.54 ± 0.46 |
| Northern Ocean | -0.27 ± 0.27 | -0.28 ± 0.26 | -0.28 ± 0.19 |
| North Atlantic Temperate | -0.27 ± 0.34 | -0.24 ± 0.32 | -0.38 ± 0.41 |
| Atlantic Tropical | 0.10 ± 0.13 | 0.12 ± 0.14 | 0.19 ± 0.15 |
| South Atlantic Temperate | -0.38 ± 0.27 | -0.47 ± 0.32 | -0.13 ± 0.25 |
| Southern Ocean | -0.43 ± 0.33 | -0.33 ± 0.29 | -0.18 ± 0.30 |
| Indian Tropical | 0.12 ± 0.19 | 0.14 ± 0.20 | 0.16 ± 0.12 |
| South Indian Temperate | -0.62 ± 0.45 | -0.61 ± 0.42 | -0.67 ± 0.23 |
| Not optimized | -0.00 ± 0.00 | -0.00 ± 0.00 | -0.00 ± 0.00 |
| 2001-2015 | 2001-2007 | ||
| Aggregated Transcom region | CT2016 | CT2016 | CT2008 |
| Northern Land | -1.83 ± 5.27 | -1.60 ± 5.15 | -2.14 ± 1.63 |
| Northern Oceans | -1.10 ± 0.68 | -1.06 ± 0.66 | -1.08 ± 0.60 |
| Northern | -2.93 ± 5.32 | -2.67 ± 5.19 | -3.23 ± 1.74 |
| Tropical Land | 0.07 ± 2.19 | 0.20 ± 2.18 | 0.39 ± 0.86 |
| Tropical Ocean | 0.64 ± 0.49 | 0.71 ± 0.50 | 0.78 ± 0.34 |
| Tropical | 0.71 ± 2.25 | 0.92 ± 2.24 | 1.16 ± 0.93 |
| Southern Land | 0.12 ± 1.11 | 0.29 ± 1.03 | 0.06 ± 1.04 |
| Ocean in South | -1.90 ± 0.82 | -1.81 ± 0.77 | -1.51 ± 0.65 |
| Southern | -1.78 ± 1.38 | -1.52 ± 1.29 | -1.45 ± 1.23 |
| Americas | -0.43 ± 2.24 | -0.20 ± 2.34 | -0.58 ± 1.17 |
| Atlantic and Arctic | -0.82 ± 0.54 | -0.87 ± 0.54 | -0.60 ± 0.57 |
| Eurasia and Africa | 0.02 ± 2.73 | 0.10 ± 2.62 | -0.06 ± 1.08 |
| Indian Ocean | -0.51 ± 0.48 | -0.47 ± 0.46 | -0.51 ± 0.26 |
| Asia | -1.22 ± 4.59 | -1.01 ± 4.45 | -1.05 ± 1.36 |
| Pacific Ocean | -0.60 ± 0.79 | -0.48 ± 0.76 | -0.53 ± 0.61 |
| All Land | -1.64 ± 5.82 | -1.11 ± 5.69 | -1.70 ± 2.11 |
| All Ocean | -2.36 ± 1.20 | -2.16 ± 1.17 | -1.82 ± 1.08 |
| Global | -4.00 ± 5.94 | -3.27 ± 5.80 | -3.52 ± 2.38 |
| North America | -0.49 ± 1.25 | -0.42 ± 1.50 | -0.72 ± 0.57 |
| Extratropical Eurasia | -1.34 ± 5.10 | -1.19 ± 4.91 | -1.43 ± 1.52 |
| Temperate Northern Ocean | -0.82 ± 0.62 | -0.79 ± 0.61 | -0.80 ± 0.58 |
| Temperate Southern Ocean | -1.48 ± 0.75 | -1.47 ± 0.69 | -1.34 ± 0.63 |
| Tropical and Southern Land | 0.19 ± 2.46 | 0.49 ± 2.42 | 0.45 ± 1.35 |
| Tropical Pacific | 0.42 ± 0.44 | 0.46 ± 0.44 | 0.43 ± 0.23 |
| Temperate Oceans | -2.30 ± 0.97 | -2.26 ± 0.93 | -2.14 ± 0.81 |
| High Latitude Oceans | -0.70 ± 0.42 | -0.61 ± 0.38 | -0.46 ± 0.34 |
| Extratropical Oceans | -3.00 ± 1.09 | -2.87 ± 1.05 | -2.60 ± 0.94 |
| Tropical and Southern Oceans | -1.26 ± 0.97 | -1.09 ± 0.94 | -0.74 ± 0.84 |
| Northern Boreal Land | -1.14 ± 4.34 | -1.01 ± 4.28 | -0.94 ± 1.23 |
| Northern Temperate Land | -0.69 ± 2.98 | -0.59 ± 2.85 | -1.20 ± 1.03 |
| Tropical land minus northern land | 1.89 ± 5.72 | 1.81 ± 5.60 | 2.53 ± 1.85 |
| High North Ocean and Boreal Land | -1.41 ± 4.34 | -1.29 ± 4.29 | -1.23 ± 1.24 |
| Northern Temperate Land and Ocean | -1.51 ± 3.05 | -1.38 ± 2.92 | -2.00 ± 1.18 |
| Southern Temperate Land and Ocean | -1.35 ± 1.34 | -1.19 ± 1.25 | -1.27 ± 1.21 |
| Tropical and Southern Land and Ocean | -1.07 ± 2.64 | -0.60 ± 2.59 | -0.29 ± 1.59 |
| Tropics and south minus north | 1.85 ± 5.94 | 2.07 ± 5.80 | 2.94 ± 2.34 |
| Tropical and southern land minus northern land | 2.02 ± 5.82 | 2.10 ± 5.69 | 2.59 ± 2.12 |
Table 74: Long-term mean fossil fuel emissions used in CT2016 compared to CT2008, including average fluxes computed over common time periods..
Table 75: Long-term mean natural flux (biosphere + ocean + fire) from CT2016 compared to CT2007B, including average fluxes computed over common time periods. The uncertainty listed is the one standard deviation level from the ensemble Kalman filter estimate. Units are PgC yr-1.
| 2001-2015 | 2001-2006 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Transcom region | CT2016 | CT2016 | CT2007B |
| North American Boreal | -0.14 ± 0.87 | -0.06 ± 1.06 | -0.14 ± 0.37 |
| North American Temperate | -0.35 ± 0.90 | -0.32 ± 1.11 | -0.54 ± 0.52 |
| South American Tropical | 0.17 ± 1.61 | 0.20 ± 1.62 | 0.08 ± 0.68 |
| South American Temperate | -0.11 ± 0.86 | -0.04 ± 0.79 | -0.03 ± 0.76 |
| Northern Africa | -0.19 ± 1.32 | -0.08 ± 1.31 | 0.03 ± 0.50 |
| Southern Africa | 0.11 ± 0.64 | 0.14 ± 0.61 | 0.21 ± 0.59 |
| Eurasia Boreal | -1.00 ± 4.23 | -0.93 ± 4.15 | -0.64 ± 1.10 |
| Eurasia Temperate | -0.43 ± 1.61 | -0.31 ± 1.43 | -0.32 ± 0.54 |
| Tropical Asia | 0.09 ± 0.68 | 0.07 ± 0.70 | 0.20 ± 0.20 |
| Australia | 0.12 ± 0.25 | 0.17 ± 0.24 | -0.10 ± 0.31 |
| Europe | 0.10 ± 2.30 | 0.05 ± 2.19 | -0.30 ± 0.79 |
| North Pacific Temperate | -0.55 ± 0.51 | -0.54 ± 0.52 | -0.39 ± 0.37 |
| West Pacific Tropical | -0.01 ± 0.10 | 0.01 ± 0.10 | 0.02 ± 0.02 |
| East Pacific Tropical | 0.43 ± 0.42 | 0.45 ± 0.42 | 0.38 ± 0.23 |
| South Pacific Temperate | -0.47 ± 0.43 | -0.39 ± 0.38 | -0.49 ± 0.45 |
| Northern Ocean | -0.27 ± 0.27 | -0.28 ± 0.25 | -0.27 ± 0.19 |
| North Atlantic Temperate | -0.27 ± 0.34 | -0.21 ± 0.31 | -0.40 ± 0.39 |
| Atlantic Tropical | 0.10 ± 0.13 | 0.12 ± 0.14 | 0.19 ± 0.15 |
| South Atlantic Temperate | -0.38 ± 0.27 | -0.44 ± 0.31 | -0.14 ± 0.23 |
| Southern Ocean | -0.43 ± 0.33 | -0.32 ± 0.28 | -0.22 ± 0.32 |
| Indian Tropical | 0.12 ± 0.19 | 0.14 ± 0.21 | 0.16 ± 0.13 |
| South Indian Temperate | -0.62 ± 0.45 | -0.60 ± 0.40 | -0.64 ± 0.24 |
| Not optimized | -0.00 ± 0.00 | -0.00 ± 0.00 | -0.00 ± 0.00 |
| 2001-2015 | 2001-2006 | ||
| Aggregated Transcom region | CT2016 | CT2016 | CT2007B |
| Northern Land | -1.83 ± 5.27 | -1.57 ± 5.17 | -1.94 ± 1.64 |
| Northern Oceans | -1.10 ± 0.68 | -1.02 ± 0.65 | -1.05 ± 0.58 |
| Northern | -2.93 ± 5.32 | -2.60 ± 5.21 | -3.00 ± 1.74 |
| Tropical Land | 0.07 ± 2.19 | 0.18 ± 2.20 | 0.30 ± 0.86 |
| Tropical Ocean | 0.64 ± 0.49 | 0.71 ± 0.50 | 0.74 ± 0.35 |
| Tropical | 0.71 ± 2.25 | 0.89 ± 2.26 | 1.05 ± 0.93 |
| Southern Land | 0.12 ± 1.11 | 0.27 ± 1.04 | 0.08 ± 1.01 |
| Ocean in South | -1.90 ± 0.82 | -1.75 ± 0.74 | -1.49 ± 0.66 |
| Southern | -1.78 ± 1.38 | -1.48 ± 1.28 | -1.41 ± 1.21 |
| Americas | -0.43 ± 2.24 | -0.23 ± 2.40 | -0.63 ± 1.21 |
| Atlantic and Arctic | -0.82 ± 0.54 | -0.81 ± 0.53 | -0.62 ± 0.55 |
| Eurasia and Africa | 0.02 ± 2.73 | 0.11 ± 2.62 | -0.06 ± 1.10 |
| Indian Ocean | -0.51 ± 0.48 | -0.46 ± 0.44 | -0.48 ± 0.26 |
| Asia | -1.22 ± 4.59 | -1.01 ± 4.45 | -0.87 ± 1.30 |
| Pacific Ocean | -0.60 ± 0.79 | -0.47 ± 0.76 | -0.48 ± 0.62 |
| All Land | -1.64 ± 5.82 | -1.13 ± 5.71 | -1.56 ± 2.11 |
| All Ocean | -2.36 ± 1.20 | -2.06 ± 1.14 | -1.80 ± 1.09 |
| Global | -4.00 ± 5.94 | -3.19 ± 5.82 | -3.36 ± 2.37 |
| North America | -0.49 ± 1.25 | -0.38 ± 1.54 | -0.68 ± 0.64 |
| Extratropical Eurasia | -1.34 ± 5.10 | -1.19 ± 4.92 | -1.26 ± 1.50 |
| Temperate Northern Ocean | -0.82 ± 0.62 | -0.75 ± 0.60 | -0.78 ± 0.56 |
| Temperate Southern Ocean | -1.48 ± 0.75 | -1.43 ± 0.67 | -1.27 ± 0.63 |
| Tropical and Southern Land | 0.19 ± 2.46 | 0.45 ± 2.44 | 0.38 ± 1.33 |
| Tropical Pacific | 0.42 ± 0.44 | 0.46 ± 0.44 | 0.40 ± 0.24 |
| Temperate Oceans | -2.30 ± 0.97 | -2.18 ± 0.91 | -2.05 ± 0.79 |
| High Latitude Oceans | -0.70 ± 0.42 | -0.59 ± 0.38 | -0.50 ± 0.36 |
| Extratropical Oceans | -3.00 ± 1.09 | -2.77 ± 1.02 | -2.55 ± 0.93 |
| Tropical and Southern Oceans | -1.26 ± 0.97 | -1.04 ± 0.92 | -0.75 ± 0.87 |
| Northern Boreal Land | -1.14 ± 4.34 | -1.00 ± 4.30 | -0.78 ± 1.17 |
| Northern Temperate Land | -0.69 ± 2.98 | -0.58 ± 2.88 | -1.16 ± 1.10 |
| Tropical land minus northern land | 1.89 ± 5.72 | 1.75 ± 5.63 | 2.25 ± 1.86 |
| High North Ocean and Boreal Land | -1.41 ± 4.34 | -1.27 ± 4.30 | -1.05 ± 1.18 |
| Northern Temperate Land and Ocean | -1.51 ± 3.05 | -1.32 ± 2.94 | -1.94 ± 1.24 |
| Southern Temperate Land and Ocean | -1.35 ± 1.34 | -1.16 ± 1.24 | -1.19 ± 1.20 |
| Tropical and Southern Land and Ocean | -1.07 ± 2.64 | -0.59 ± 2.60 | -0.37 ± 1.59 |
| Tropics and south minus north | 1.85 ± 5.94 | 2.00 ± 5.83 | 2.63 ± 2.34 |
| Tropical and southern land minus northern land | 2.02 ± 5.82 | 2.02 ± 5.72 | 2.33 ± 2.12 |
Table 76: Long-term mean fossil fuel emissions used in CT2016 compared to CT2007B, including average fluxes computed over common time periods..
Table 77: Long-term mean natural flux (biosphere + ocean + fire) from CT2015 compared to CT2013B, including average fluxes computed over common time periods. The uncertainty listed is the one standard deviation level from the ensemble Kalman filter estimate. Units are PgC yr-1.
| 2001-2014 | 2001-2012 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Transcom region | CT2015 | CT2015 | CT2013B |
| North American Boreal | -0.13 ± 0.86 | -0.13 ± 0.92 | -0.13 ± 0.94 |
| North American Temperate | -0.36 ± 0.91 | -0.35 ± 0.93 | -0.14 ± 0.89 |
| South American Tropical | 0.36 ± 1.58 | 0.40 ± 1.55 | -0.04 ± 1.70 |
| South American Temperate | -0.14 ± 0.86 | -0.15 ± 0.87 | -0.09 ± 1.10 |
| Northern Africa | -0.16 ± 1.40 | -0.13 ± 1.40 | -0.10 ± 1.06 |
| Southern Africa | -0.09 ± 0.69 | -0.10 ± 0.70 | 0.06 ± 1.17 |
| Eurasia Boreal | -0.98 ± 4.23 | -0.97 ± 4.13 | -0.97 ± 3.98 |
| Eurasia Temperate | -0.53 ± 1.60 | -0.52 ± 1.57 | -0.38 ± 1.40 |
| Tropical Asia | 0.24 ± 0.70 | 0.24 ± 0.71 | 0.09 ± 0.61 |
| Australia | 0.09 ± 0.27 | 0.09 ± 0.27 | -0.00 ± 0.34 |
| Europe | 0.06 ± 2.32 | 0.07 ± 2.28 | -0.12 ± 2.04 |
| North Pacific Temperate | -0.54 ± 0.50 | -0.53 ± 0.51 | -0.52 ± 0.44 |
| West Pacific Tropical | 0.00 ± 0.10 | 0.01 ± 0.10 | 0.03 ± 0.09 |
| East Pacific Tropical | 0.42 ± 0.42 | 0.43 ± 0.42 | 0.41 ± 0.40 |
| South Pacific Temperate | -0.47 ± 0.43 | -0.46 ± 0.42 | -0.52 ± 0.50 |
| Northern Ocean | -0.25 ± 0.25 | -0.26 ± 0.25 | -0.30 ± 0.28 |
| North Atlantic Temperate | -0.27 ± 0.34 | -0.28 ± 0.34 | -0.34 ± 0.35 |
| Atlantic Tropical | 0.11 ± 0.13 | 0.11 ± 0.13 | 0.13 ± 0.14 |
| South Atlantic Temperate | -0.41 ± 0.28 | -0.43 ± 0.30 | -0.21 ± 0.25 |
| Southern Ocean | -0.43 ± 0.32 | -0.40 ± 0.31 | -0.43 ± 0.33 |
| Indian Tropical | 0.13 ± 0.19 | 0.14 ± 0.20 | 0.14 ± 0.19 |
| South Indian Temperate | -0.63 ± 0.45 | -0.63 ± 0.45 | -0.56 ± 0.43 |
| Not optimized | -0.00 ± 0.00 | -0.00 ± 0.00 | -0.00 ± 0.00 |
| 2001-2014 | 2001-2012 | ||
| Aggregated Transcom region | CT2015 | CT2015 | CT2013B |
| Northern Land | -1.93 ± 5.28 | -1.90 ± 5.17 | -1.75 ± 4.92 |
| Northern Oceans | -1.06 ± 0.66 | -1.07 ± 0.66 | -1.17 ± 0.62 |
| Northern | -2.99 ± 5.32 | -2.97 ± 5.22 | -2.93 ± 4.96 |
| Tropical Land | 0.45 ± 2.22 | 0.50 ± 2.20 | -0.05 ± 2.10 |
| Tropical Ocean | 0.67 ± 0.49 | 0.69 ± 0.49 | 0.70 ± 0.49 |
| Tropical | 1.12 ± 2.27 | 1.19 ± 2.26 | 0.65 ± 2.15 |
| Southern Land | -0.15 ± 1.14 | -0.15 ± 1.16 | -0.04 ± 1.64 |
| Ocean in South | -1.94 ± 0.82 | -1.92 ± 0.81 | -1.72 ± 0.84 |
| Southern | -2.09 ± 1.41 | -2.07 ± 1.42 | -1.76 ± 1.85 |
| Americas | -0.27 ± 2.21 | -0.23 ± 2.22 | -0.41 ± 2.41 |
| Atlantic and Arctic | -0.82 ± 0.53 | -0.86 ± 0.54 | -0.73 ± 0.54 |
| Eurasia and Africa | -0.19 ± 2.81 | -0.17 ± 2.78 | -0.16 ± 2.58 |
| Indian Ocean | -0.50 ± 0.49 | -0.49 ± 0.48 | -0.41 ± 0.47 |
| Asia | -1.17 ± 4.59 | -1.16 ± 4.48 | -1.27 ± 4.27 |
| Pacific Ocean | -0.59 ± 0.78 | -0.55 ± 0.78 | -0.61 ± 0.77 |
| All Land | -1.63 ± 5.84 | -1.55 ± 5.74 | -1.85 ± 5.60 |
| All Ocean | -2.33 ± 1.19 | -2.30 ± 1.19 | -2.19 ± 1.23 |
| Global | -3.96 ± 5.96 | -3.85 ± 5.86 | -4.03 ± 5.74 |
| North America | -0.49 ± 1.25 | -0.48 ± 1.31 | -0.28 ± 1.29 |
| Extratropical Eurasia | -1.45 ± 5.10 | -1.42 ± 4.99 | -1.48 ± 4.72 |
| Temperate Northern Ocean | -0.81 ± 0.61 | -0.81 ± 0.61 | -0.87 ± 0.57 |
| Temperate Southern Ocean | -1.52 ± 0.75 | -1.51 ± 0.75 | -1.28 ± 0.78 |
| Tropical and Southern Land | 0.30 ± 2.50 | 0.35 ± 2.49 | -0.09 ± 2.67 |
| Tropical Pacific | 0.42 ± 0.44 | 0.43 ± 0.44 | 0.43 ± 0.42 |
| Temperate Oceans | -2.32 ± 0.97 | -2.32 ± 0.97 | -2.15 ± 0.97 |
| High Latitude Oceans | -0.68 ± 0.41 | -0.66 ± 0.40 | -0.74 ± 0.43 |
| Extratropical Oceans | -3.00 ± 1.08 | -2.99 ± 1.08 | -2.89 ± 1.09 |
| Tropical and Southern Oceans | -1.28 ± 0.97 | -1.23 ± 0.97 | -1.01 ± 1.02 |
| Northern Boreal Land | -1.11 ± 4.33 | -1.10 ± 4.24 | -1.11 ± 4.10 |
| Northern Temperate Land | -0.83 ± 3.00 | -0.80 ± 2.96 | -0.65 ± 2.66 |
| Tropical land minus northern land | 2.39 ± 5.73 | 2.40 ± 5.62 | 1.70 ± 5.35 |
| High North Ocean and Boreal Land | -1.36 ± 4.34 | -1.36 ± 4.24 | -1.41 ± 4.12 |
| Northern Temperate Land and Ocean | -1.64 ± 3.06 | -1.61 ± 3.02 | -1.51 ± 2.72 |
| Southern Temperate Land and Ocean | -1.66 ± 1.37 | -1.67 ± 1.38 | -1.32 ± 1.82 |
| Tropical and Southern Land and Ocean | -0.97 ± 2.68 | -0.88 ± 2.67 | -1.11 ± 2.86 |
| Tropics and south minus north | 2.02 ± 5.96 | 2.09 ± 5.87 | 1.82 ± 5.72 |
| Tropical and southern land minus northern land | 2.24 ± 5.85 | 2.25 ± 5.75 | 1.66 ± 5.60 |
Table 78: Long-term mean fossil fuel emissions used in CT2015 compared to CT2013B, including average fluxes computed over common time periods..
Table 79: Long-term mean natural flux (biosphere + ocean + fire) from CT2015 compared to CT2013, including average fluxes computed over common time periods. The uncertainty listed is the one standard deviation level from the ensemble Kalman filter estimate. Units are PgC yr-1.
| 2001-2014 | 2001-2012 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Transcom region | CT2015 | CT2015 | CT2013 |
| North American Boreal | -0.13 ± 0.86 | -0.13 ± 0.92 | -0.17 ± 0.79 |
| North American Temperate | -0.36 ± 0.91 | -0.35 ± 0.93 | -0.44 ± 0.78 |
| South American Tropical | 0.36 ± 1.58 | 0.40 ± 1.55 | 0.01 ± 1.63 |
| South American Temperate | -0.14 ± 0.86 | -0.15 ± 0.87 | 0.04 ± 1.13 |
| Northern Africa | -0.16 ± 1.40 | -0.13 ± 1.40 | -0.09 ± 1.01 |
| Southern Africa | -0.09 ± 0.69 | -0.10 ± 0.70 | 0.08 ± 1.11 |
| Eurasia Boreal | -0.98 ± 4.23 | -0.97 ± 4.13 | -0.99 ± 3.49 |
| Eurasia Temperate | -0.53 ± 1.60 | -0.52 ± 1.57 | -0.38 ± 1.33 |
| Tropical Asia | 0.24 ± 0.70 | 0.24 ± 0.71 | 0.12 ± 0.56 |
| Australia | 0.09 ± 0.27 | 0.09 ± 0.27 | 0.02 ± 0.32 |
| Europe | 0.06 ± 2.32 | 0.07 ± 2.28 | -0.38 ± 1.81 |
| North Pacific Temperate | -0.54 ± 0.50 | -0.53 ± 0.51 | -0.44 ± 0.37 |
| West Pacific Tropical | 0.00 ± 0.10 | 0.01 ± 0.10 | 0.03 ± 0.09 |
| East Pacific Tropical | 0.42 ± 0.42 | 0.43 ± 0.42 | 0.41 ± 0.40 |
| South Pacific Temperate | -0.47 ± 0.43 | -0.46 ± 0.42 | -0.54 ± 0.52 |
| Northern Ocean | -0.25 ± 0.25 | -0.26 ± 0.25 | -0.30 ± 0.26 |
| North Atlantic Temperate | -0.27 ± 0.34 | -0.28 ± 0.34 | -0.30 ± 0.32 |
| Atlantic Tropical | 0.11 ± 0.13 | 0.11 ± 0.13 | 0.13 ± 0.14 |
| South Atlantic Temperate | -0.41 ± 0.28 | -0.43 ± 0.30 | -0.18 ± 0.21 |
| Southern Ocean | -0.43 ± 0.32 | -0.40 ± 0.31 | -0.31 ± 0.28 |
| Indian Tropical | 0.13 ± 0.19 | 0.14 ± 0.20 | 0.15 ± 0.19 |
| South Indian Temperate | -0.63 ± 0.45 | -0.63 ± 0.45 | -0.53 ± 0.43 |
| Not optimized | -0.00 ± 0.00 | -0.00 ± 0.00 | -0.00 ± 0.00 |
| 2001-2014 | 2001-2012 | ||
| Aggregated Transcom region | CT2015 | CT2015 | CT2013 |
| Northern Land | -1.93 ± 5.28 | -1.90 ± 5.17 | -2.35 ± 4.36 |
| Northern Oceans | -1.06 ± 0.66 | -1.07 ± 0.66 | -1.04 ± 0.55 |
| Northern | -2.99 ± 5.32 | -2.97 ± 5.22 | -3.39 ± 4.39 |
| Tropical Land | 0.45 ± 2.22 | 0.50 ± 2.20 | 0.04 ± 2.00 |
| Tropical Ocean | 0.67 ± 0.49 | 0.69 ± 0.49 | 0.72 ± 0.49 |
| Tropical | 1.12 ± 2.27 | 1.19 ± 2.26 | 0.75 ± 2.06 |
| Southern Land | -0.15 ± 1.14 | -0.15 ± 1.16 | 0.14 ± 1.62 |
| Ocean in South | -1.94 ± 0.82 | -1.92 ± 0.81 | -1.56 ± 0.85 |
| Southern | -2.09 ± 1.41 | -2.07 ± 1.42 | -1.41 ± 1.83 |
| Americas | -0.27 ± 2.21 | -0.23 ± 2.22 | -0.56 ± 2.29 |
| Atlantic and Arctic | -0.82 ± 0.53 | -0.86 ± 0.54 | -0.64 ± 0.49 |
| Eurasia and Africa | -0.19 ± 2.81 | -0.17 ± 2.78 | -0.38 ± 2.36 |
| Indian Ocean | -0.50 ± 0.49 | -0.49 ± 0.48 | -0.39 ± 0.47 |
| Asia | -1.17 ± 4.59 | -1.16 ± 4.48 | -1.23 ± 3.80 |
| Pacific Ocean | -0.59 ± 0.78 | -0.55 ± 0.78 | -0.54 ± 0.76 |
| All Land | -1.63 ± 5.84 | -1.55 ± 5.74 | -2.17 ± 5.07 |
| All Ocean | -2.33 ± 1.19 | -2.30 ± 1.19 | -1.88 ± 1.17 |
| Global | -3.96 ± 5.96 | -3.85 ± 5.86 | -4.05 ± 5.20 |
| North America | -0.49 ± 1.25 | -0.48 ± 1.31 | -0.61 ± 1.12 |
| Extratropical Eurasia | -1.45 ± 5.10 | -1.42 ± 4.99 | -1.74 ± 4.18 |
| Temperate Northern Ocean | -0.81 ± 0.61 | -0.81 ± 0.61 | -0.74 ± 0.49 |
| Temperate Southern Ocean | -1.52 ± 0.75 | -1.51 ± 0.75 | -1.25 ± 0.81 |
| Tropical and Southern Land | 0.30 ± 2.50 | 0.35 ± 2.49 | 0.18 ± 2.58 |
| Tropical Pacific | 0.42 ± 0.44 | 0.43 ± 0.44 | 0.44 ± 0.42 |
| Temperate Oceans | -2.32 ± 0.97 | -2.32 ± 0.97 | -1.99 ± 0.94 |
| High Latitude Oceans | -0.68 ± 0.41 | -0.66 ± 0.40 | -0.61 ± 0.38 |
| Extratropical Oceans | -3.00 ± 1.08 | -2.99 ± 1.08 | -2.60 ± 1.03 |
| Tropical and Southern Oceans | -1.28 ± 0.97 | -1.23 ± 0.97 | -0.84 ± 1.03 |
| Northern Boreal Land | -1.11 ± 4.33 | -1.10 ± 4.24 | -1.16 ± 3.59 |
| Northern Temperate Land | -0.83 ± 3.00 | -0.80 ± 2.96 | -1.19 ± 2.41 |
| Tropical land minus northern land | 2.39 ± 5.73 | 2.40 ± 5.62 | 2.38 ± 4.80 |
| High North Ocean and Boreal Land | -1.36 ± 4.34 | -1.36 ± 4.24 | -1.45 ± 3.60 |
| Northern Temperate Land and Ocean | -1.64 ± 3.06 | -1.61 ± 3.02 | -1.93 ± 2.46 |
| Southern Temperate Land and Ocean | -1.66 ± 1.37 | -1.67 ± 1.38 | -1.10 ± 1.82 |
| Tropical and Southern Land and Ocean | -0.97 ± 2.68 | -0.88 ± 2.67 | -0.66 ± 2.78 |
| Tropics and south minus north | 2.02 ± 5.96 | 2.09 ± 5.87 | 2.73 ± 5.20 |
| Tropical and southern land minus northern land | 2.24 ± 5.85 | 2.25 ± 5.75 | 2.53 ± 5.07 |
Table 80: Long-term mean fossil fuel emissions used in CT2015 compared to CT2013, including average fluxes computed over common time periods..
Table 81: Long-term mean natural flux (biosphere + ocean + fire) from CT2015 compared to CT2011_oi, including average fluxes computed over common time periods. The uncertainty listed is the one standard deviation level from the ensemble Kalman filter estimate. Units are PgC yr-1.
| 2001-2014 | 2001-2010 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Transcom region | CT2015 | CT2015 | CT2011_oi |
| North American Boreal | -0.13 ± 0.86 | -0.10 ± 0.98 | -0.13 ± 0.91 |
| North American Temperate | -0.36 ± 0.91 | -0.36 ± 0.99 | -0.45 ± 0.87 |
| South American Tropical | 0.36 ± 1.58 | 0.46 ± 1.58 | 0.18 ± 1.53 |
| South American Temperate | -0.14 ± 0.86 | -0.09 ± 0.85 | 0.09 ± 1.18 |
| Northern Africa | -0.16 ± 1.40 | -0.11 ± 1.43 | -0.05 ± 0.99 |
| Southern Africa | -0.09 ± 0.69 | -0.12 ± 0.69 | 0.13 ± 1.02 |
| Eurasia Boreal | -0.98 ± 4.23 | -0.98 ± 4.12 | -0.96 ± 3.40 |
| Eurasia Temperate | -0.53 ± 1.60 | -0.47 ± 1.51 | -0.37 ± 1.35 |
| Tropical Asia | 0.24 ± 0.70 | 0.25 ± 0.72 | 0.16 ± 0.55 |
| Australia | 0.09 ± 0.27 | 0.10 ± 0.26 | -0.02 ± 0.46 |
| Europe | 0.06 ± 2.32 | 0.08 ± 2.27 | -0.35 ± 1.82 |
| North Pacific Temperate | -0.54 ± 0.50 | -0.53 ± 0.51 | -0.40 ± 0.40 |
| West Pacific Tropical | 0.00 ± 0.10 | 0.01 ± 0.10 | 0.02 ± 0.09 |
| East Pacific Tropical | 0.42 ± 0.42 | 0.43 ± 0.42 | 0.35 ± 0.35 |
| South Pacific Temperate | -0.47 ± 0.43 | -0.44 ± 0.42 | -0.58 ± 0.57 |
| Northern Ocean | -0.25 ± 0.25 | -0.27 ± 0.25 | -0.24 ± 0.23 |
| North Atlantic Temperate | -0.27 ± 0.34 | -0.27 ± 0.32 | -0.39 ± 0.39 |
| Atlantic Tropical | 0.11 ± 0.13 | 0.12 ± 0.14 | 0.18 ± 0.16 |
| South Atlantic Temperate | -0.41 ± 0.28 | -0.46 ± 0.31 | -0.17 ± 0.21 |
| Southern Ocean | -0.43 ± 0.32 | -0.36 ± 0.30 | -0.27 ± 0.26 |
| Indian Tropical | 0.13 ± 0.19 | 0.14 ± 0.20 | 0.18 ± 0.22 |
| South Indian Temperate | -0.63 ± 0.45 | -0.64 ± 0.44 | -0.67 ± 0.45 |
| Not optimized | -0.00 ± 0.00 | -0.00 ± 0.00 | -0.00 ± 0.00 |
| 2001-2014 | 2001-2010 | ||
| Aggregated Transcom region | CT2015 | CT2015 | CT2011_oi |
| Northern Land | -1.93 ± 5.28 | -1.83 ± 5.17 | -2.27 ± 4.33 |
| Northern Oceans | -1.06 ± 0.66 | -1.07 ± 0.65 | -1.02 ± 0.61 |
| Northern | -2.99 ± 5.32 | -2.90 ± 5.21 | -3.30 ± 4.37 |
| Tropical Land | 0.45 ± 2.22 | 0.59 ± 2.24 | 0.29 ± 1.90 |
| Tropical Ocean | 0.67 ± 0.49 | 0.70 ± 0.49 | 0.72 ± 0.51 |
| Tropical | 1.12 ± 2.27 | 1.30 ± 2.30 | 1.01 ± 1.97 |
| Southern Land | -0.15 ± 1.14 | -0.11 ± 1.14 | 0.20 ± 1.63 |
| Ocean in South | -1.94 ± 0.82 | -1.90 ± 0.81 | -1.69 ± 0.90 |
| Southern | -2.09 ± 1.41 | -2.01 ± 1.40 | -1.49 ± 1.87 |
| Americas | -0.27 ± 2.21 | -0.10 ± 2.28 | -0.32 ± 2.32 |
| Atlantic and Arctic | -0.82 ± 0.53 | -0.88 ± 0.54 | -0.61 ± 0.55 |
| Eurasia and Africa | -0.19 ± 2.81 | -0.15 ± 2.78 | -0.28 ± 2.31 |
| Indian Ocean | -0.50 ± 0.49 | -0.49 ± 0.48 | -0.50 ± 0.49 |
| Asia | -1.17 ± 4.59 | -1.10 ± 4.45 | -1.19 ± 3.73 |
| Pacific Ocean | -0.59 ± 0.78 | -0.53 ± 0.78 | -0.62 ± 0.76 |
| All Land | -1.63 ± 5.84 | -1.35 ± 5.75 | -1.79 ± 5.00 |
| All Ocean | -2.33 ± 1.19 | -2.26 ± 1.19 | -2.00 ± 1.23 |
| Global | -3.96 ± 5.96 | -3.61 ± 5.87 | -3.78 ± 5.15 |
| North America | -0.49 ± 1.25 | -0.47 ± 1.39 | -0.59 ± 1.27 |
| Extratropical Eurasia | -1.45 ± 5.10 | -1.37 ± 4.96 | -1.69 ± 4.12 |
| Temperate Northern Ocean | -0.81 ± 0.61 | -0.80 ± 0.60 | -0.79 ± 0.57 |
| Temperate Southern Ocean | -1.52 ± 0.75 | -1.54 ± 0.75 | -1.42 ± 0.86 |
| Tropical and Southern Land | 0.30 ± 2.50 | 0.48 ± 2.52 | 0.48 ± 2.50 |
| Tropical Pacific | 0.42 ± 0.44 | 0.44 ± 0.44 | 0.37 ± 0.37 |
| Temperate Oceans | -2.32 ± 0.97 | -2.33 ± 0.97 | -2.21 ± 1.02 |
| High Latitude Oceans | -0.68 ± 0.41 | -0.63 ± 0.39 | -0.51 ± 0.33 |
| Extratropical Oceans | -3.00 ± 1.08 | -2.96 ± 1.07 | -2.72 ± 1.14 |
| Tropical and Southern Oceans | -1.28 ± 0.97 | -1.19 ± 0.97 | -0.97 ± 1.03 |
| Northern Boreal Land | -1.11 ± 4.33 | -1.08 ± 4.24 | -1.09 ± 3.52 |
| Northern Temperate Land | -0.83 ± 3.00 | -0.75 ± 2.93 | -1.18 ± 2.46 |
| Tropical land minus northern land | 2.39 ± 5.73 | 2.43 ± 5.63 | 2.56 ± 4.74 |
| High North Ocean and Boreal Land | -1.36 ± 4.34 | -1.35 ± 4.25 | -1.33 ± 3.53 |
| Northern Temperate Land and Ocean | -1.64 ± 3.06 | -1.55 ± 2.99 | -1.96 ± 2.53 |
| Southern Temperate Land and Ocean | -1.66 ± 1.37 | -1.65 ± 1.36 | -1.22 ± 1.85 |
| Tropical and Southern Land and Ocean | -0.97 ± 2.68 | -0.71 ± 2.70 | -0.49 ± 2.71 |
| Tropics and south minus north | 2.02 ± 5.96 | 2.19 ± 5.87 | 2.81 ± 5.14 |
| Tropical and southern land minus northern land | 2.24 ± 5.85 | 2.32 ± 5.75 | 2.76 ± 5.01 |
Table 82: Long-term mean fossil fuel emissions used in CT2015 compared to CT2011_oi, including average fluxes computed over common time periods..
Table 83: Long-term mean natural flux (biosphere + ocean + fire) from CT2015 compared to CT2010, including average fluxes computed over common time periods. The uncertainty listed is the one standard deviation level from the ensemble Kalman filter estimate. Units are PgC yr-1.
| 2001-2014 | 2001-2009 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Transcom region | CT2015 | CT2015 | CT2010 |
| North American Boreal | -0.13 ± 0.86 | -0.09 ± 0.98 | -0.11 ± 0.35 |
| North American Temperate | -0.36 ± 0.91 | -0.34 ± 1.02 | -0.49 ± 0.39 |
| South American Tropical | 0.36 ± 1.58 | 0.43 ± 1.57 | 0.13 ± 0.67 |
| South American Temperate | -0.14 ± 0.86 | -0.07 ± 0.83 | -0.03 ± 0.78 |
| Northern Africa | -0.16 ± 1.40 | -0.11 ± 1.42 | 0.02 ± 0.50 |
| Southern Africa | -0.09 ± 0.69 | -0.15 ± 0.71 | 0.10 ± 0.62 |
| Eurasia Boreal | -0.98 ± 4.23 | -0.97 ± 4.15 | -0.83 ± 1.16 |
| Eurasia Temperate | -0.53 ± 1.60 | -0.46 ± 1.47 | -0.35 ± 0.54 |
| Tropical Asia | 0.24 ± 0.70 | 0.23 ± 0.72 | 0.15 ± 0.20 |
| Australia | 0.09 ± 0.27 | 0.11 ± 0.26 | -0.09 ± 0.31 |
| Europe | 0.06 ± 2.32 | 0.04 ± 2.22 | -0.28 ± 0.75 |
| North Pacific Temperate | -0.54 ± 0.50 | -0.53 ± 0.51 | -0.40 ± 0.38 |
| West Pacific Tropical | 0.00 ± 0.10 | 0.01 ± 0.10 | 0.02 ± 0.01 |
| East Pacific Tropical | 0.42 ± 0.42 | 0.43 ± 0.42 | 0.39 ± 0.23 |
| South Pacific Temperate | -0.47 ± 0.43 | -0.43 ± 0.41 | -0.57 ± 0.46 |
| Northern Ocean | -0.25 ± 0.25 | -0.27 ± 0.25 | -0.29 ± 0.19 |
| North Atlantic Temperate | -0.27 ± 0.34 | -0.27 ± 0.32 | -0.37 ± 0.41 |
| Atlantic Tropical | 0.11 ± 0.13 | 0.12 ± 0.14 | 0.19 ± 0.15 |
| South Atlantic Temperate | -0.41 ± 0.28 | -0.47 ± 0.32 | -0.14 ± 0.25 |
| Southern Ocean | -0.43 ± 0.32 | -0.34 ± 0.29 | -0.19 ± 0.32 |
| Indian Tropical | 0.13 ± 0.19 | 0.14 ± 0.20 | 0.16 ± 0.12 |
| South Indian Temperate | -0.63 ± 0.45 | -0.63 ± 0.43 | -0.69 ± 0.24 |
| Not optimized | -0.00 ± 0.00 | -0.00 ± 0.00 | -0.00 ± 0.00 |
| 2001-2014 | 2001-2009 | ||
| Aggregated Transcom region | CT2015 | CT2015 | CT2010 |
| Northern Land | -1.93 ± 5.28 | -1.83 ± 5.16 | -2.06 ± 1.62 |
| Northern Oceans | -1.06 ± 0.66 | -1.06 ± 0.65 | -1.07 ± 0.61 |
| Northern | -2.99 ± 5.32 | -2.89 ± 5.20 | -3.13 ± 1.73 |
| Tropical Land | 0.45 ± 2.22 | 0.55 ± 2.23 | 0.30 ± 0.85 |
| Tropical Ocean | 0.67 ± 0.49 | 0.71 ± 0.49 | 0.75 ± 0.34 |
| Tropical | 1.12 ± 2.27 | 1.26 ± 2.29 | 1.06 ± 0.92 |
| Southern Land | -0.15 ± 1.14 | -0.11 ± 1.13 | -0.02 ± 1.04 |
| Ocean in South | -1.94 ± 0.82 | -1.87 ± 0.79 | -1.58 ± 0.66 |
| Southern | -2.09 ± 1.41 | -1.97 ± 1.38 | -1.60 ± 1.23 |
| Americas | -0.27 ± 2.21 | -0.07 ± 2.28 | -0.50 ± 1.15 |
| Atlantic and Arctic | -0.82 ± 0.53 | -0.89 ± 0.54 | -0.62 ± 0.58 |
| Eurasia and Africa | -0.19 ± 2.81 | -0.22 ± 2.74 | -0.16 ± 1.09 |
| Indian Ocean | -0.50 ± 0.49 | -0.48 ± 0.47 | -0.53 ± 0.26 |
| Asia | -1.17 ± 4.59 | -1.09 ± 4.46 | -1.11 ± 1.34 |
| Pacific Ocean | -0.59 ± 0.78 | -0.51 ± 0.77 | -0.56 ± 0.61 |
| All Land | -1.63 ± 5.84 | -1.38 ± 5.73 | -1.78 ± 2.10 |
| All Ocean | -2.33 ± 1.19 | -2.22 ± 1.17 | -1.89 ± 1.09 |
| Global | -3.96 ± 5.96 | -3.60 ± 5.85 | -3.67 ± 2.37 |
| North America | -0.49 ± 1.25 | -0.43 ± 1.42 | -0.60 ± 0.52 |
| Extratropical Eurasia | -1.45 ± 5.10 | -1.40 ± 4.94 | -1.46 ± 1.52 |
| Temperate Northern Ocean | -0.81 ± 0.61 | -0.80 ± 0.60 | -0.77 ± 0.59 |
| Temperate Southern Ocean | -1.52 ± 0.75 | -1.53 ± 0.72 | -1.39 ± 0.63 |
| Tropical and Southern Land | 0.30 ± 2.50 | 0.45 ± 2.50 | 0.28 ± 1.34 |
| Tropical Pacific | 0.42 ± 0.44 | 0.45 ± 0.43 | 0.41 ± 0.23 |
| Temperate Oceans | -2.32 ± 0.97 | -2.32 ± 0.95 | -2.17 ± 0.81 |
| High Latitude Oceans | -0.68 ± 0.41 | -0.61 ± 0.38 | -0.48 ± 0.35 |
| Extratropical Oceans | -3.00 ± 1.08 | -2.93 ± 1.06 | -2.65 ± 0.96 |
| Tropical and Southern Oceans | -1.28 ± 0.97 | -1.16 ± 0.95 | -0.83 ± 0.85 |
| Northern Boreal Land | -1.11 ± 4.33 | -1.07 ± 4.27 | -0.94 ± 1.21 |
| Northern Temperate Land | -0.83 ± 3.00 | -0.76 ± 2.88 | -1.12 ± 1.02 |
| Tropical land minus northern land | 2.39 ± 5.73 | 2.38 ± 5.62 | 2.36 ± 1.83 |
| High North Ocean and Boreal Land | -1.36 ± 4.34 | -1.34 ± 4.28 | -1.23 ± 1.23 |
| Northern Temperate Land and Ocean | -1.64 ± 3.06 | -1.56 ± 2.94 | -1.89 ± 1.18 |
| Southern Temperate Land and Ocean | -1.66 ± 1.37 | -1.63 ± 1.34 | -1.41 ± 1.21 |
| Tropical and Southern Land and Ocean | -0.97 ± 2.68 | -0.71 ± 2.68 | -0.54 ± 1.58 |
| Tropics and south minus north | 2.02 ± 5.96 | 2.18 ± 5.85 | 2.59 ± 2.33 |
| Tropical and southern land minus northern land | 2.24 ± 5.85 | 2.28 ± 5.74 | 2.35 ± 2.10 |
Table 84: Long-term mean fossil fuel emissions used in CT2015 compared to CT2010, including average fluxes computed over common time periods..
Table 85: Long-term mean natural flux (biosphere + ocean + fire) from CT2015 compared to CT2009, including average fluxes computed over common time periods. The uncertainty listed is the one standard deviation level from the ensemble Kalman filter estimate. Units are PgC yr-1.
| 2001-2014 | 2001-2008 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Transcom region | CT2015 | CT2015 | CT2009 |
| North American Boreal | -0.13 ± 0.86 | -0.08 ± 0.97 | -0.11 ± 0.36 |
| North American Temperate | -0.36 ± 0.91 | -0.32 ± 1.05 | -0.49 ± 0.41 |
| South American Tropical | 0.36 ± 1.58 | 0.45 ± 1.56 | 0.15 ± 0.68 |
| South American Temperate | -0.14 ± 0.86 | -0.09 ± 0.83 | -0.03 ± 0.78 |
| Northern Africa | -0.16 ± 1.40 | -0.09 ± 1.43 | 0.03 ± 0.50 |
| Southern Africa | -0.09 ± 0.69 | -0.13 ± 0.68 | 0.12 ± 0.63 |
| Eurasia Boreal | -0.98 ± 4.23 | -0.98 ± 4.24 | -0.80 ± 1.16 |
| Eurasia Temperate | -0.53 ± 1.60 | -0.41 ± 1.44 | -0.35 ± 0.54 |
| Tropical Asia | 0.24 ± 0.70 | 0.23 ± 0.72 | 0.16 ± 0.20 |
| Australia | 0.09 ± 0.27 | 0.12 ± 0.25 | -0.09 ± 0.32 |
| Europe | 0.06 ± 2.32 | 0.01 ± 2.23 | -0.25 ± 0.76 |
| North Pacific Temperate | -0.54 ± 0.50 | -0.53 ± 0.51 | -0.41 ± 0.38 |
| West Pacific Tropical | 0.00 ± 0.10 | 0.02 ± 0.10 | 0.02 ± 0.01 |
| East Pacific Tropical | 0.42 ± 0.42 | 0.44 ± 0.42 | 0.40 ± 0.23 |
| South Pacific Temperate | -0.47 ± 0.43 | -0.42 ± 0.40 | -0.56 ± 0.46 |
| Northern Ocean | -0.25 ± 0.25 | -0.27 ± 0.26 | -0.29 ± 0.19 |
| North Atlantic Temperate | -0.27 ± 0.34 | -0.25 ± 0.31 | -0.37 ± 0.41 |
| Atlantic Tropical | 0.11 ± 0.13 | 0.12 ± 0.14 | 0.19 ± 0.15 |
| South Atlantic Temperate | -0.41 ± 0.28 | -0.47 ± 0.31 | -0.14 ± 0.25 |
| Southern Ocean | -0.43 ± 0.32 | -0.33 ± 0.29 | -0.19 ± 0.31 |
| Indian Tropical | 0.13 ± 0.19 | 0.15 ± 0.20 | 0.16 ± 0.12 |
| South Indian Temperate | -0.63 ± 0.45 | -0.63 ± 0.43 | -0.68 ± 0.24 |
| Not optimized | -0.00 ± 0.00 | -0.00 ± 0.00 | -0.00 ± 0.00 |
| 2001-2014 | 2001-2008 | ||
| Aggregated Transcom region | CT2015 | CT2015 | CT2009 |
| Northern Land | -1.93 ± 5.28 | -1.78 ± 5.23 | -2.00 ± 1.63 |
| Northern Oceans | -1.06 ± 0.66 | -1.06 ± 0.65 | -1.07 ± 0.61 |
| Northern | -2.99 ± 5.32 | -2.84 ± 5.27 | -3.08 ± 1.74 |
| Tropical Land | 0.45 ± 2.22 | 0.59 ± 2.24 | 0.35 ± 0.86 |
| Tropical Ocean | 0.67 ± 0.49 | 0.73 ± 0.50 | 0.76 ± 0.34 |
| Tropical | 1.12 ± 2.27 | 1.32 ± 2.29 | 1.11 ± 0.93 |
| Southern Land | -0.15 ± 1.14 | -0.11 ± 1.11 | -0.00 ± 1.05 |
| Ocean in South | -1.94 ± 0.82 | -1.84 ± 0.79 | -1.57 ± 0.66 |
| Southern | -2.09 ± 1.41 | -1.95 ± 1.36 | -1.57 ± 1.24 |
| Americas | -0.27 ± 2.21 | -0.04 ± 2.29 | -0.47 ± 1.16 |
| Atlantic and Arctic | -0.82 ± 0.53 | -0.87 ± 0.54 | -0.61 ± 0.58 |
| Eurasia and Africa | -0.19 ± 2.81 | -0.21 ± 2.74 | -0.10 ± 1.11 |
| Indian Ocean | -0.50 ± 0.49 | -0.48 ± 0.47 | -0.53 ± 0.26 |
| Asia | -1.17 ± 4.59 | -1.05 ± 4.54 | -1.08 ± 1.35 |
| Pacific Ocean | -0.59 ± 0.78 | -0.49 ± 0.77 | -0.56 ± 0.61 |
| All Land | -1.63 ± 5.84 | -1.30 ± 5.80 | -1.65 ± 2.12 |
| All Ocean | -2.33 ± 1.19 | -2.16 ± 1.17 | -1.89 ± 1.09 |
| Global | -3.96 ± 5.96 | -3.46 ± 5.92 | -3.54 ± 2.38 |
| North America | -0.49 ± 1.25 | -0.40 ± 1.43 | -0.59 ± 0.54 |
| Extratropical Eurasia | -1.45 ± 5.10 | -1.38 ± 5.01 | -1.41 ± 1.53 |
| Temperate Northern Ocean | -0.81 ± 0.61 | -0.78 ± 0.60 | -0.79 ± 0.59 |
| Temperate Southern Ocean | -1.52 ± 0.75 | -1.51 ± 0.72 | -1.38 ± 0.63 |
| Tropical and Southern Land | 0.30 ± 2.50 | 0.48 ± 2.50 | 0.35 ± 1.35 |
| Tropical Pacific | 0.42 ± 0.44 | 0.46 ± 0.44 | 0.42 ± 0.23 |
| Temperate Oceans | -2.32 ± 0.97 | -2.29 ± 0.95 | -2.17 ± 0.81 |
| High Latitude Oceans | -0.68 ± 0.41 | -0.60 ± 0.38 | -0.47 ± 0.35 |
| Extratropical Oceans | -3.00 ± 1.08 | -2.89 ± 1.06 | -2.64 ± 0.95 |
| Tropical and Southern Oceans | -1.28 ± 0.97 | -1.11 ± 0.95 | -0.81 ± 0.85 |
| Northern Boreal Land | -1.11 ± 4.33 | -1.06 ± 4.36 | -0.91 ± 1.22 |
| Northern Temperate Land | -0.83 ± 3.00 | -0.72 ± 2.88 | -1.09 ± 1.04 |
| Tropical land minus northern land | 2.39 ± 5.73 | 2.37 ± 5.69 | 2.35 ± 1.85 |
| High North Ocean and Boreal Land | -1.36 ± 4.34 | -1.33 ± 4.37 | -1.20 ± 1.23 |
| Northern Temperate Land and Ocean | -1.64 ± 3.06 | -1.50 ± 2.94 | -1.88 ± 1.20 |
| Southern Temperate Land and Ocean | -1.66 ± 1.37 | -1.62 ± 1.33 | -1.38 ± 1.22 |
| Tropical and Southern Land and Ocean | -0.97 ± 2.68 | -0.63 ± 2.68 | -0.46 ± 1.60 |
| Tropics and south minus north | 2.02 ± 5.96 | 2.21 ± 5.91 | 2.61 ± 2.34 |
| Tropical and southern land minus northern land | 2.24 ± 5.85 | 2.26 ± 5.80 | 2.35 ± 2.12 |
Table 86: Long-term mean fossil fuel emissions used in CT2015 compared to CT2009, including average fluxes computed over common time periods..
Table 87: Long-term mean natural flux (biosphere + ocean + fire) from CT2015 compared to CT2008, including average fluxes computed over common time periods. The uncertainty listed is the one standard deviation level from the ensemble Kalman filter estimate. Units are PgC yr-1.
| 2001-2014 | 2001-2007 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Transcom region | CT2015 | CT2015 | CT2008 |
| North American Boreal | -0.13 ± 0.86 | -0.07 ± 1.00 | -0.12 ± 0.37 |
| North American Temperate | -0.36 ± 0.91 | -0.35 ± 1.09 | -0.60 ± 0.44 |
| South American Tropical | 0.36 ± 1.58 | 0.46 ± 1.56 | 0.17 ± 0.67 |
| South American Temperate | -0.14 ± 0.86 | -0.09 ± 0.82 | -0.04 ± 0.78 |
| Northern Africa | -0.16 ± 1.40 | -0.09 ± 1.41 | 0.02 ± 0.50 |
| Southern Africa | -0.09 ± 0.69 | -0.11 ± 0.66 | 0.17 ± 0.62 |
| Eurasia Boreal | -0.98 ± 4.23 | -0.96 ± 4.27 | -0.82 ± 1.17 |
| Eurasia Temperate | -0.53 ± 1.60 | -0.39 ± 1.42 | -0.35 ± 0.54 |
| Tropical Asia | 0.24 ± 0.70 | 0.25 ± 0.72 | 0.19 ± 0.21 |
| Australia | 0.09 ± 0.27 | 0.11 ± 0.25 | -0.06 ± 0.31 |
| Europe | 0.06 ± 2.32 | 0.03 ± 2.23 | -0.25 ± 0.73 |
| North Pacific Temperate | -0.54 ± 0.50 | -0.54 ± 0.52 | -0.42 ± 0.38 |
| West Pacific Tropical | 0.00 ± 0.10 | 0.02 ± 0.10 | 0.02 ± 0.01 |
| East Pacific Tropical | 0.42 ± 0.42 | 0.44 ± 0.42 | 0.41 ± 0.23 |
| South Pacific Temperate | -0.47 ± 0.43 | -0.40 ± 0.38 | -0.54 ± 0.46 |
| Northern Ocean | -0.25 ± 0.25 | -0.27 ± 0.26 | -0.28 ± 0.19 |
| North Atlantic Temperate | -0.27 ± 0.34 | -0.24 ± 0.31 | -0.38 ± 0.41 |
| Atlantic Tropical | 0.11 ± 0.13 | 0.12 ± 0.14 | 0.19 ± 0.15 |
| South Atlantic Temperate | -0.41 ± 0.28 | -0.46 ± 0.31 | -0.13 ± 0.25 |
| Southern Ocean | -0.43 ± 0.32 | -0.33 ± 0.29 | -0.18 ± 0.30 |
| Indian Tropical | 0.13 ± 0.19 | 0.15 ± 0.20 | 0.16 ± 0.12 |
| South Indian Temperate | -0.63 ± 0.45 | -0.61 ± 0.43 | -0.67 ± 0.23 |
| Not optimized | -0.00 ± 0.00 | -0.00 ± 0.00 | -0.00 ± 0.00 |
| 2001-2014 | 2001-2007 | ||
| Aggregated Transcom region | CT2015 | CT2015 | CT2008 |
| Northern Land | -1.93 ± 5.28 | -1.75 ± 5.26 | -2.14 ± 1.63 |
| Northern Oceans | -1.06 ± 0.66 | -1.05 ± 0.66 | -1.08 ± 0.60 |
| Northern | -2.99 ± 5.32 | -2.80 ± 5.30 | -3.23 ± 1.74 |
| Tropical Land | 0.45 ± 2.22 | 0.62 ± 2.22 | 0.39 ± 0.86 |
| Tropical Ocean | 0.67 ± 0.49 | 0.73 ± 0.50 | 0.78 ± 0.34 |
| Tropical | 1.12 ± 2.27 | 1.35 ± 2.28 | 1.16 ± 0.93 |
| Southern Land | -0.15 ± 1.14 | -0.09 ± 1.08 | 0.06 ± 1.04 |
| Ocean in South | -1.94 ± 0.82 | -1.81 ± 0.77 | -1.51 ± 0.65 |
| Southern | -2.09 ± 1.41 | -1.89 ± 1.33 | -1.45 ± 1.23 |
| Americas | -0.27 ± 2.21 | -0.05 ± 2.31 | -0.58 ± 1.17 |
| Atlantic and Arctic | -0.82 ± 0.53 | -0.86 ± 0.54 | -0.60 ± 0.57 |
| Eurasia and Africa | -0.19 ± 2.81 | -0.17 ± 2.72 | -0.06 ± 1.08 |
| Indian Ocean | -0.50 ± 0.49 | -0.47 ± 0.46 | -0.51 ± 0.26 |
| Asia | -1.17 ± 4.59 | -0.99 ± 4.56 | -1.05 ± 1.36 |
| Pacific Ocean | -0.59 ± 0.78 | -0.47 ± 0.77 | -0.53 ± 0.61 |
| All Land | -1.63 ± 5.84 | -1.21 ± 5.81 | -1.70 ± 2.11 |
| All Ocean | -2.33 ± 1.19 | -2.13 ± 1.16 | -1.82 ± 1.08 |
| Global | -3.96 ± 5.96 | -3.34 ± 5.93 | -3.52 ± 2.38 |
| North America | -0.49 ± 1.25 | -0.42 ± 1.48 | -0.72 ± 0.57 |
| Extratropical Eurasia | -1.45 ± 5.10 | -1.32 ± 5.03 | -1.43 ± 1.52 |
| Temperate Northern Ocean | -0.81 ± 0.61 | -0.78 ± 0.61 | -0.80 ± 0.58 |
| Temperate Southern Ocean | -1.52 ± 0.75 | -1.48 ± 0.70 | -1.34 ± 0.63 |
| Tropical and Southern Land | 0.30 ± 2.50 | 0.54 ± 2.47 | 0.45 ± 1.35 |
| Tropical Pacific | 0.42 ± 0.44 | 0.46 ± 0.44 | 0.43 ± 0.23 |
| Temperate Oceans | -2.32 ± 0.97 | -2.26 ± 0.94 | -2.14 ± 0.81 |
| High Latitude Oceans | -0.68 ± 0.41 | -0.60 ± 0.38 | -0.46 ± 0.34 |
| Extratropical Oceans | -3.00 ± 1.08 | -2.86 ± 1.05 | -2.60 ± 0.94 |
| Tropical and Southern Oceans | -1.28 ± 0.97 | -1.08 ± 0.93 | -0.74 ± 0.84 |
| Northern Boreal Land | -1.11 ± 4.33 | -1.03 ± 4.39 | -0.94 ± 1.23 |
| Northern Temperate Land | -0.83 ± 3.00 | -0.72 ± 2.88 | -1.20 ± 1.03 |
| Tropical land minus northern land | 2.39 ± 5.73 | 2.37 ± 5.71 | 2.53 ± 1.85 |
| High North Ocean and Boreal Land | -1.36 ± 4.34 | -1.30 ± 4.40 | -1.23 ± 1.24 |
| Northern Temperate Land and Ocean | -1.64 ± 3.06 | -1.50 ± 2.94 | -2.00 ± 1.18 |
| Southern Temperate Land and Ocean | -1.66 ± 1.37 | -1.56 ± 1.29 | -1.27 ± 1.21 |
| Tropical and Southern Land and Ocean | -0.97 ± 2.68 | -0.54 ± 2.65 | -0.29 ± 1.59 |
| Tropics and south minus north | 2.02 ± 5.96 | 2.26 ± 5.93 | 2.94 ± 2.34 |
| Tropical and southern land minus northern land | 2.24 ± 5.85 | 2.28 ± 5.82 | 2.59 ± 2.12 |
Table 88: Long-term mean fossil fuel emissions used in CT2015 compared to CT2008, including average fluxes computed over common time periods..
Table 89: Long-term mean natural flux (biosphere + ocean + fire) from CT2015 compared to CT2007B, including average fluxes computed over common time periods. The uncertainty listed is the one standard deviation level from the ensemble Kalman filter estimate. Units are PgC yr-1.
| 2001-2014 | 2001-2006 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Transcom region | CT2015 | CT2015 | CT2007B |
| North American Boreal | -0.13 ± 0.86 | -0.06 ± 1.03 | -0.14 ± 0.37 |
| North American Temperate | -0.36 ± 0.91 | -0.34 ± 1.12 | -0.54 ± 0.52 |
| South American Tropical | 0.36 ± 1.58 | 0.42 ± 1.61 | 0.08 ± 0.68 |
| South American Temperate | -0.14 ± 0.86 | -0.10 ± 0.82 | -0.03 ± 0.76 |
| Northern Africa | -0.16 ± 1.40 | -0.06 ± 1.40 | 0.03 ± 0.50 |
| Southern Africa | -0.09 ± 0.69 | -0.12 ± 0.67 | 0.21 ± 0.59 |
| Eurasia Boreal | -0.98 ± 4.23 | -0.94 ± 4.25 | -0.64 ± 1.10 |
| Eurasia Temperate | -0.53 ± 1.60 | -0.39 ± 1.43 | -0.32 ± 0.54 |
| Tropical Asia | 0.24 ± 0.70 | 0.24 ± 0.71 | 0.20 ± 0.20 |
| Australia | 0.09 ± 0.27 | 0.13 ± 0.25 | -0.10 ± 0.31 |
| Europe | 0.06 ± 2.32 | 0.03 ± 2.25 | -0.30 ± 0.79 |
| North Pacific Temperate | -0.54 ± 0.50 | -0.53 ± 0.51 | -0.39 ± 0.37 |
| West Pacific Tropical | 0.00 ± 0.10 | 0.02 ± 0.10 | 0.02 ± 0.02 |
| East Pacific Tropical | 0.42 ± 0.42 | 0.44 ± 0.42 | 0.38 ± 0.23 |
| South Pacific Temperate | -0.47 ± 0.43 | -0.40 ± 0.38 | -0.49 ± 0.45 |
| Northern Ocean | -0.25 ± 0.25 | -0.27 ± 0.25 | -0.27 ± 0.19 |
| North Atlantic Temperate | -0.27 ± 0.34 | -0.22 ± 0.30 | -0.40 ± 0.39 |
| Atlantic Tropical | 0.11 ± 0.13 | 0.12 ± 0.14 | 0.19 ± 0.15 |
| South Atlantic Temperate | -0.41 ± 0.28 | -0.44 ± 0.30 | -0.14 ± 0.23 |
| Southern Ocean | -0.43 ± 0.32 | -0.32 ± 0.28 | -0.22 ± 0.32 |
| Indian Tropical | 0.13 ± 0.19 | 0.15 ± 0.20 | 0.16 ± 0.13 |
| South Indian Temperate | -0.63 ± 0.45 | -0.60 ± 0.41 | -0.64 ± 0.24 |
| Not optimized | -0.00 ± 0.00 | -0.00 ± 0.00 | -0.00 ± 0.00 |
| 2001-2014 | 2001-2006 | ||
| Aggregated Transcom region | CT2015 | CT2015 | CT2007B |
| Northern Land | -1.93 ± 5.28 | -1.70 ± 5.26 | -1.94 ± 1.64 |
| Northern Oceans | -1.06 ± 0.66 | -1.01 ± 0.64 | -1.05 ± 0.58 |
| Northern | -2.99 ± 5.32 | -2.71 ± 5.30 | -3.00 ± 1.74 |
| Tropical Land | 0.45 ± 2.22 | 0.60 ± 2.25 | 0.30 ± 0.86 |
| Tropical Ocean | 0.67 ± 0.49 | 0.73 ± 0.50 | 0.74 ± 0.35 |
| Tropical | 1.12 ± 2.27 | 1.33 ± 2.30 | 1.05 ± 0.93 |
| Southern Land | -0.15 ± 1.14 | -0.10 ± 1.09 | 0.08 ± 1.01 |
| Ocean in South | -1.94 ± 0.82 | -1.76 ± 0.74 | -1.49 ± 0.66 |
| Southern | -2.09 ± 1.41 | -1.85 ± 1.32 | -1.41 ± 1.21 |
| Americas | -0.27 ± 2.21 | -0.08 ± 2.37 | -0.63 ± 1.21 |
| Atlantic and Arctic | -0.82 ± 0.53 | -0.80 ± 0.52 | -0.62 ± 0.55 |
| Eurasia and Africa | -0.19 ± 2.81 | -0.16 ± 2.74 | -0.06 ± 1.10 |
| Indian Ocean | -0.50 ± 0.49 | -0.45 ± 0.45 | -0.48 ± 0.26 |
| Asia | -1.17 ± 4.59 | -0.96 ± 4.53 | -0.87 ± 1.30 |
| Pacific Ocean | -0.59 ± 0.78 | -0.46 ± 0.76 | -0.48 ± 0.62 |
| All Land | -1.63 ± 5.84 | -1.19 ± 5.83 | -1.56 ± 2.11 |
| All Ocean | -2.33 ± 1.19 | -2.03 ± 1.13 | -1.80 ± 1.09 |
| Global | -3.96 ± 5.96 | -3.23 ± 5.94 | -3.36 ± 2.37 |
| North America | -0.49 ± 1.25 | -0.39 ± 1.52 | -0.68 ± 0.64 |
| Extratropical Eurasia | -1.45 ± 5.10 | -1.30 ± 5.02 | -1.26 ± 1.50 |
| Temperate Northern Ocean | -0.81 ± 0.61 | -0.74 ± 0.59 | -0.78 ± 0.56 |
| Temperate Southern Ocean | -1.52 ± 0.75 | -1.43 ± 0.68 | -1.27 ± 0.63 |
| Tropical and Southern Land | 0.30 ± 2.50 | 0.50 ± 2.50 | 0.38 ± 1.33 |
| Tropical Pacific | 0.42 ± 0.44 | 0.46 ± 0.44 | 0.40 ± 0.24 |
| Temperate Oceans | -2.32 ± 0.97 | -2.18 ± 0.91 | -2.05 ± 0.79 |
| High Latitude Oceans | -0.68 ± 0.41 | -0.59 ± 0.37 | -0.50 ± 0.36 |
| Extratropical Oceans | -3.00 ± 1.08 | -2.77 ± 1.01 | -2.55 ± 0.93 |
| Tropical and Southern Oceans | -1.28 ± 0.97 | -1.02 ± 0.92 | -0.75 ± 0.87 |
| Northern Boreal Land | -1.11 ± 4.33 | -1.00 ± 4.38 | -0.78 ± 1.17 |
| Northern Temperate Land | -0.83 ± 3.00 | -0.70 ± 2.91 | -1.16 ± 1.10 |
| Tropical land minus northern land | 2.39 ± 5.73 | 2.30 ± 5.72 | 2.25 ± 1.86 |
| High North Ocean and Boreal Land | -1.36 ± 4.34 | -1.27 ± 4.38 | -1.05 ± 1.18 |
| Northern Temperate Land and Ocean | -1.64 ± 3.06 | -1.44 ± 2.97 | -1.94 ± 1.24 |
| Southern Temperate Land and Ocean | -1.66 ± 1.37 | -1.53 ± 1.29 | -1.19 ± 1.20 |
| Tropical and Southern Land and Ocean | -0.97 ± 2.68 | -0.52 ± 2.66 | -0.37 ± 1.59 |
| Tropics and south minus north | 2.02 ± 5.96 | 2.19 ± 5.94 | 2.63 ± 2.34 |
| Tropical and southern land minus northern land | 2.24 ± 5.85 | 2.20 ± 5.83 | 2.33 ± 2.12 |
Table 90: Long-term mean fossil fuel emissions used in CT2015 compared to CT2007B, including average fluxes computed over common time periods..
Table 91: Long-term mean natural flux (biosphere + ocean + fire) from CT2013 compared to CT2013B, including average fluxes computed over common time periods. The uncertainty listed is the one standard deviation level from the ensemble Kalman filter estimate. Units are PgC yr-1.
| 2001-2012 | 2001-2012 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Transcom region | CT2013 | CT2013 | CT2013B |
| North American Boreal | -0.17 ± 0.79 | -0.17 ± 0.79 | -0.13 ± 0.94 |
| North American Temperate | -0.44 ± 0.78 | -0.44 ± 0.78 | -0.14 ± 0.89 |
| South American Tropical | 0.01 ± 1.63 | 0.01 ± 1.63 | -0.04 ± 1.70 |
| South American Temperate | 0.04 ± 1.13 | 0.04 ± 1.13 | -0.09 ± 1.10 |
| Northern Africa | -0.09 ± 1.01 | -0.09 ± 1.01 | -0.10 ± 1.06 |
| Southern Africa | 0.08 ± 1.11 | 0.08 ± 1.11 | 0.06 ± 1.17 |
| Eurasia Boreal | -0.99 ± 3.49 | -0.99 ± 3.49 | -0.97 ± 3.98 |
| Eurasia Temperate | -0.38 ± 1.33 | -0.38 ± 1.33 | -0.38 ± 1.40 |
| Tropical Asia | 0.12 ± 0.56 | 0.12 ± 0.56 | 0.09 ± 0.61 |
| Australia | 0.02 ± 0.32 | 0.02 ± 0.32 | -0.00 ± 0.34 |
| Europe | -0.38 ± 1.81 | -0.38 ± 1.81 | -0.12 ± 2.04 |
| North Pacific Temperate | -0.44 ± 0.37 | -0.44 ± 0.37 | -0.52 ± 0.44 |
| West Pacific Tropical | 0.03 ± 0.09 | 0.03 ± 0.09 | 0.03 ± 0.09 |
| East Pacific Tropical | 0.41 ± 0.40 | 0.41 ± 0.40 | 0.41 ± 0.40 |
| South Pacific Temperate | -0.54 ± 0.52 | -0.54 ± 0.52 | -0.52 ± 0.50 |
| Northern Ocean | -0.30 ± 0.26 | -0.30 ± 0.26 | -0.30 ± 0.28 |
| North Atlantic Temperate | -0.30 ± 0.32 | -0.30 ± 0.32 | -0.34 ± 0.35 |
| Atlantic Tropical | 0.13 ± 0.14 | 0.13 ± 0.14 | 0.13 ± 0.14 |
| South Atlantic Temperate | -0.18 ± 0.21 | -0.18 ± 0.21 | -0.21 ± 0.25 |
| Southern Ocean | -0.31 ± 0.28 | -0.31 ± 0.28 | -0.43 ± 0.33 |
| Indian Tropical | 0.15 ± 0.19 | 0.15 ± 0.19 | 0.14 ± 0.19 |
| South Indian Temperate | -0.53 ± 0.43 | -0.53 ± 0.43 | -0.56 ± 0.43 |
| Not optimized | -0.00 ± 0.00 | -0.00 ± 0.00 | -0.00 ± 0.00 |
| 2001-2012 | 2001-2012 | ||
| Aggregated Transcom region | CT2013 | CT2013 | CT2013B |
| Northern Land | -2.35 ± 4.36 | -2.35 ± 4.36 | -1.75 ± 4.92 |
| Northern Oceans | -1.04 ± 0.55 | -1.04 ± 0.55 | -1.17 ± 0.62 |
| Northern | -3.39 ± 4.39 | -3.39 ± 4.39 | -2.93 ± 4.96 |
| Tropical Land | 0.04 ± 2.00 | 0.04 ± 2.00 | -0.05 ± 2.10 |
| Tropical Ocean | 0.72 ± 0.49 | 0.72 ± 0.49 | 0.70 ± 0.49 |
| Tropical | 0.75 ± 2.06 | 0.75 ± 2.06 | 0.65 ± 2.15 |
| Southern Land | 0.14 ± 1.62 | 0.14 ± 1.62 | -0.04 ± 1.64 |
| Ocean in South | -1.56 ± 0.85 | -1.56 ± 0.85 | -1.72 ± 0.84 |
| Southern | -1.41 ± 1.83 | -1.41 ± 1.83 | -1.76 ± 1.85 |
| Americas | -0.56 ± 2.29 | -0.56 ± 2.29 | -0.41 ± 2.41 |
| Atlantic and Arctic | -0.64 ± 0.49 | -0.64 ± 0.49 | -0.73 ± 0.54 |
| Eurasia and Africa | -0.38 ± 2.36 | -0.38 ± 2.36 | -0.16 ± 2.58 |
| Indian Ocean | -0.39 ± 0.47 | -0.39 ± 0.47 | -0.41 ± 0.47 |
| Asia | -1.23 ± 3.80 | -1.23 ± 3.80 | -1.27 ± 4.27 |
| Pacific Ocean | -0.54 ± 0.76 | -0.54 ± 0.76 | -0.61 ± 0.77 |
| All Land | -2.17 ± 5.07 | -2.17 ± 5.07 | -1.85 ± 5.60 |
| All Ocean | -1.88 ± 1.17 | -1.88 ± 1.17 | -2.19 ± 1.23 |
| Global | -4.05 ± 5.20 | -4.05 ± 5.20 | -4.03 ± 5.74 |
| North America | -0.61 ± 1.12 | -0.61 ± 1.12 | -0.28 ± 1.29 |
| Extratropical Eurasia | -1.74 ± 4.18 | -1.74 ± 4.18 | -1.48 ± 4.72 |
| Temperate Northern Ocean | -0.74 ± 0.49 | -0.74 ± 0.49 | -0.87 ± 0.57 |
| Temperate Southern Ocean | -1.25 ± 0.81 | -1.25 ± 0.81 | -1.28 ± 0.78 |
| Tropical and Southern Land | 0.18 ± 2.58 | 0.18 ± 2.58 | -0.09 ± 2.67 |
| Tropical Pacific | 0.44 ± 0.42 | 0.44 ± 0.42 | 0.43 ± 0.42 |
| Temperate Oceans | -1.99 ± 0.94 | -1.99 ± 0.94 | -2.15 ± 0.97 |
| High Latitude Oceans | -0.61 ± 0.38 | -0.61 ± 0.38 | -0.74 ± 0.43 |
| Extratropical Oceans | -2.60 ± 1.03 | -2.60 ± 1.03 | -2.89 ± 1.09 |
| Tropical and Southern Oceans | -0.84 ± 1.03 | -0.84 ± 1.03 | -1.01 ± 1.02 |
| Northern Boreal Land | -1.16 ± 3.59 | -1.16 ± 3.59 | -1.11 ± 4.10 |
| Northern Temperate Land | -1.19 ± 2.41 | -1.19 ± 2.41 | -0.65 ± 2.66 |
| Tropical land minus northern land | 2.38 ± 4.80 | 2.38 ± 4.80 | 1.70 ± 5.35 |
| High North Ocean and Boreal Land | -1.45 ± 3.60 | -1.45 ± 3.60 | -1.41 ± 4.12 |
| Northern Temperate Land and Ocean | -1.93 ± 2.46 | -1.93 ± 2.46 | -1.51 ± 2.72 |
| Southern Temperate Land and Ocean | -1.10 ± 1.82 | -1.10 ± 1.82 | -1.32 ± 1.82 |
| Tropical and Southern Land and Ocean | -0.66 ± 2.78 | -0.66 ± 2.78 | -1.11 ± 2.86 |
| Tropics and south minus north | 2.73 ± 5.20 | 2.73 ± 5.20 | 1.82 ± 5.72 |
| Tropical and southern land minus northern land | 2.53 ± 5.07 | 2.53 ± 5.07 | 1.66 ± 5.60 |
Table 92: Long-term mean fossil fuel emissions used in CT2013 compared to CT2013B, including average fluxes computed over common time periods..
Table 93: Long-term mean natural flux (biosphere + ocean + fire) from CT2013B compared to CT2011_oi, including average fluxes computed over common time periods. The uncertainty listed is the one standard deviation level from the ensemble Kalman filter estimate. Units are PgC yr-1.
| 2001-2012 | 2001-2010 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Transcom region | CT2013B | CT2013B | CT2011_oi |
| North American Boreal | -0.13 ± 0.94 | -0.12 ± 0.91 | -0.13 ± 0.91 |
| North American Temperate | -0.14 ± 0.89 | -0.21 ± 0.93 | -0.45 ± 0.87 |
| South American Tropical | -0.04 ± 1.70 | -0.01 ± 1.69 | 0.18 ± 1.53 |
| South American Temperate | -0.09 ± 1.10 | -0.06 ± 1.11 | 0.09 ± 1.18 |
| Northern Africa | -0.10 ± 1.06 | -0.10 ± 1.05 | -0.05 ± 0.99 |
| Southern Africa | 0.06 ± 1.17 | 0.07 ± 1.13 | 0.13 ± 1.02 |
| Eurasia Boreal | -0.97 ± 3.98 | -0.89 ± 3.82 | -0.96 ± 3.40 |
| Eurasia Temperate | -0.38 ± 1.40 | -0.37 ± 1.40 | -0.37 ± 1.35 |
| Tropical Asia | 0.09 ± 0.61 | 0.10 ± 0.62 | 0.16 ± 0.55 |
| Australia | -0.00 ± 0.34 | -0.00 ± 0.33 | -0.02 ± 0.46 |
| Europe | -0.12 ± 2.04 | -0.11 ± 2.00 | -0.35 ± 1.82 |
| North Pacific Temperate | -0.52 ± 0.44 | -0.51 ± 0.44 | -0.40 ± 0.40 |
| West Pacific Tropical | 0.03 ± 0.09 | 0.03 ± 0.09 | 0.02 ± 0.09 |
| East Pacific Tropical | 0.41 ± 0.40 | 0.41 ± 0.40 | 0.35 ± 0.35 |
| South Pacific Temperate | -0.52 ± 0.50 | -0.51 ± 0.50 | -0.58 ± 0.57 |
| Northern Ocean | -0.30 ± 0.28 | -0.31 ± 0.28 | -0.24 ± 0.23 |
| North Atlantic Temperate | -0.34 ± 0.35 | -0.35 ± 0.35 | -0.39 ± 0.39 |
| Atlantic Tropical | 0.13 ± 0.14 | 0.13 ± 0.14 | 0.18 ± 0.16 |
| South Atlantic Temperate | -0.21 ± 0.25 | -0.21 ± 0.24 | -0.17 ± 0.21 |
| Southern Ocean | -0.43 ± 0.33 | -0.41 ± 0.31 | -0.27 ± 0.26 |
| Indian Tropical | 0.14 ± 0.19 | 0.15 ± 0.19 | 0.18 ± 0.22 |
| South Indian Temperate | -0.56 ± 0.43 | -0.54 ± 0.42 | -0.67 ± 0.45 |
| Not optimized | -0.00 ± 0.00 | -0.00 ± 0.00 | -0.00 ± 0.00 |
| 2001-2012 | 2001-2010 | ||
| Aggregated Transcom region | CT2013B | CT2013B | CT2011_oi |
| Northern Land | -1.75 ± 4.92 | -1.69 ± 4.77 | -2.27 ± 4.33 |
| Northern Oceans | -1.17 ± 0.62 | -1.17 ± 0.62 | -1.02 ± 0.61 |
| Northern | -2.93 ± 4.96 | -2.87 ± 4.81 | -3.30 ± 4.37 |
| Tropical Land | -0.05 ± 2.10 | -0.01 ± 2.09 | 0.29 ± 1.90 |
| Tropical Ocean | 0.70 ± 0.49 | 0.72 ± 0.49 | 0.72 ± 0.51 |
| Tropical | 0.65 ± 2.15 | 0.71 ± 2.15 | 1.01 ± 1.97 |
| Southern Land | -0.04 ± 1.64 | 0.01 ± 1.63 | 0.20 ± 1.63 |
| Ocean in South | -1.72 ± 0.84 | -1.66 ± 0.82 | -1.69 ± 0.90 |
| Southern | -1.76 ± 1.85 | -1.66 ± 1.83 | -1.49 ± 1.87 |
| Americas | -0.41 ± 2.41 | -0.40 ± 2.42 | -0.32 ± 2.32 |
| Atlantic and Arctic | -0.73 ± 0.54 | -0.74 ± 0.54 | -0.61 ± 0.55 |
| Eurasia and Africa | -0.16 ± 2.58 | -0.14 ± 2.53 | -0.28 ± 2.31 |
| Indian Ocean | -0.41 ± 0.47 | -0.39 ± 0.45 | -0.50 ± 0.49 |
| Asia | -1.27 ± 4.27 | -1.16 ± 4.12 | -1.19 ± 3.73 |
| Pacific Ocean | -0.61 ± 0.77 | -0.58 ± 0.77 | -0.62 ± 0.76 |
| All Land | -1.85 ± 5.60 | -1.70 ± 5.47 | -1.79 ± 5.00 |
| All Ocean | -2.19 ± 1.23 | -2.12 ± 1.22 | -2.00 ± 1.23 |
| Global | -4.03 ± 5.74 | -3.82 ± 5.60 | -3.78 ± 5.15 |
| North America | -0.28 ± 1.29 | -0.33 ± 1.30 | -0.59 ± 1.27 |
| Extratropical Eurasia | -1.48 ± 4.72 | -1.36 ± 4.56 | -1.69 ± 4.12 |
| Temperate Northern Ocean | -0.87 ± 0.57 | -0.86 ± 0.56 | -0.79 ± 0.57 |
| Temperate Southern Ocean | -1.28 ± 0.78 | -1.26 ± 0.77 | -1.42 ± 0.86 |
| Tropical and Southern Land | -0.09 ± 2.67 | -0.01 ± 2.66 | 0.48 ± 2.50 |
| Tropical Pacific | 0.43 ± 0.42 | 0.44 ± 0.42 | 0.37 ± 0.37 |
| Temperate Oceans | -2.15 ± 0.97 | -2.12 ± 0.96 | -2.21 ± 1.02 |
| High Latitude Oceans | -0.74 ± 0.43 | -0.72 ± 0.42 | -0.51 ± 0.33 |
| Extratropical Oceans | -2.89 ± 1.09 | -2.84 ± 1.08 | -2.72 ± 1.14 |
| Tropical and Southern Oceans | -1.01 ± 1.02 | -0.94 ± 1.01 | -0.97 ± 1.03 |
| Northern Boreal Land | -1.11 ± 4.10 | -1.01 ± 3.94 | -1.09 ± 3.52 |
| Northern Temperate Land | -0.65 ± 2.66 | -0.68 ± 2.64 | -1.18 ± 2.46 |
| Tropical land minus northern land | 1.70 ± 5.35 | 1.68 ± 5.22 | 2.56 ± 4.74 |
| High North Ocean and Boreal Land | -1.41 ± 4.12 | -1.32 ± 3.95 | -1.33 ± 3.53 |
| Northern Temperate Land and Ocean | -1.51 ± 2.72 | -1.55 ± 2.70 | -1.96 ± 2.53 |
| Southern Temperate Land and Ocean | -1.32 ± 1.82 | -1.25 ± 1.80 | -1.22 ± 1.85 |
| Tropical and Southern Land and Ocean | -1.11 ± 2.86 | -0.95 ± 2.84 | -0.49 ± 2.71 |
| Tropics and south minus north | 1.82 ± 5.72 | 1.92 ± 5.59 | 2.81 ± 5.14 |
| Tropical and southern land minus northern land | 1.66 ± 5.60 | 1.69 ± 5.47 | 2.76 ± 5.01 |
Table 94: Long-term mean fossil fuel emissions used in CT2013B compared to CT2011_oi, including average fluxes computed over common time periods..
Table 95: Long-term mean natural flux (biosphere + ocean + fire) from CT2013B compared to CT2010, including average fluxes computed over common time periods. The uncertainty listed is the one standard deviation level from the ensemble Kalman filter estimate. Units are PgC yr-1.
| 2001-2012 | 2001-2009 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Transcom region | CT2013B | CT2013B | CT2010 |
| North American Boreal | -0.13 ± 0.94 | -0.11 ± 0.91 | -0.11 ± 0.35 |
| North American Temperate | -0.14 ± 0.89 | -0.22 ± 0.96 | -0.49 ± 0.39 |
| South American Tropical | -0.04 ± 1.70 | -0.03 ± 1.69 | 0.13 ± 0.67 |
| South American Temperate | -0.09 ± 1.10 | -0.06 ± 1.10 | -0.03 ± 0.78 |
| Northern Africa | -0.10 ± 1.06 | -0.09 ± 1.04 | 0.02 ± 0.50 |
| Southern Africa | 0.06 ± 1.17 | 0.04 ± 1.15 | 0.10 ± 0.62 |
| Eurasia Boreal | -0.97 ± 3.98 | -0.87 ± 3.75 | -0.83 ± 1.16 |
| Eurasia Temperate | -0.38 ± 1.40 | -0.39 ± 1.42 | -0.35 ± 0.54 |
| Tropical Asia | 0.09 ± 0.61 | 0.09 ± 0.62 | 0.15 ± 0.20 |
| Australia | -0.00 ± 0.34 | 0.01 ± 0.33 | -0.09 ± 0.31 |
| Europe | -0.12 ± 2.04 | -0.11 ± 1.98 | -0.28 ± 0.75 |
| North Pacific Temperate | -0.52 ± 0.44 | -0.51 ± 0.43 | -0.40 ± 0.38 |
| West Pacific Tropical | 0.03 ± 0.09 | 0.03 ± 0.10 | 0.02 ± 0.01 |
| East Pacific Tropical | 0.41 ± 0.40 | 0.41 ± 0.40 | 0.39 ± 0.23 |
| South Pacific Temperate | -0.52 ± 0.50 | -0.51 ± 0.49 | -0.57 ± 0.46 |
| Northern Ocean | -0.30 ± 0.28 | -0.32 ± 0.29 | -0.29 ± 0.19 |
| North Atlantic Temperate | -0.34 ± 0.35 | -0.35 ± 0.35 | -0.37 ± 0.41 |
| Atlantic Tropical | 0.13 ± 0.14 | 0.13 ± 0.14 | 0.19 ± 0.15 |
| South Atlantic Temperate | -0.21 ± 0.25 | -0.20 ± 0.24 | -0.14 ± 0.25 |
| Southern Ocean | -0.43 ± 0.33 | -0.39 ± 0.31 | -0.19 ± 0.32 |
| Indian Tropical | 0.14 ± 0.19 | 0.15 ± 0.19 | 0.16 ± 0.12 |
| South Indian Temperate | -0.56 ± 0.43 | -0.54 ± 0.41 | -0.69 ± 0.24 |
| Not optimized | -0.00 ± 0.00 | -0.00 ± 0.00 | -0.00 ± 0.00 |
| 2001-2012 | 2001-2009 | ||
| Aggregated Transcom region | CT2013B | CT2013B | CT2010 |
| Northern Land | -1.75 ± 4.92 | -1.70 ± 4.71 | -2.06 ± 1.62 |
| Northern Oceans | -1.17 ± 0.62 | -1.17 ± 0.62 | -1.07 ± 0.61 |
| Northern | -2.93 ± 4.96 | -2.88 ± 4.75 | -3.13 ± 1.73 |
| Tropical Land | -0.05 ± 2.10 | -0.03 ± 2.08 | 0.30 ± 0.85 |
| Tropical Ocean | 0.70 ± 0.49 | 0.73 ± 0.49 | 0.75 ± 0.34 |
| Tropical | 0.65 ± 2.15 | 0.70 ± 2.14 | 1.06 ± 0.92 |
| Southern Land | -0.04 ± 1.64 | -0.01 ± 1.64 | -0.02 ± 1.04 |
| Ocean in South | -1.72 ± 0.84 | -1.63 ± 0.81 | -1.58 ± 0.66 |
| Southern | -1.76 ± 1.85 | -1.64 ± 1.83 | -1.60 ± 1.23 |
| Americas | -0.41 ± 2.41 | -0.42 ± 2.42 | -0.50 ± 1.15 |
| Atlantic and Arctic | -0.73 ± 0.54 | -0.74 ± 0.54 | -0.62 ± 0.58 |
| Eurasia and Africa | -0.16 ± 2.58 | -0.15 ± 2.52 | -0.16 ± 1.09 |
| Indian Ocean | -0.41 ± 0.47 | -0.39 ± 0.45 | -0.53 ± 0.26 |
| Asia | -1.27 ± 4.27 | -1.16 ± 4.06 | -1.11 ± 1.34 |
| Pacific Ocean | -0.61 ± 0.77 | -0.57 ± 0.77 | -0.56 ± 0.61 |
| All Land | -1.85 ± 5.60 | -1.74 ± 5.41 | -1.78 ± 2.10 |
| All Ocean | -2.19 ± 1.23 | -2.08 ± 1.21 | -1.89 ± 1.09 |
| Global | -4.03 ± 5.74 | -3.82 ± 5.55 | -3.67 ± 2.37 |
| North America | -0.28 ± 1.29 | -0.34 ± 1.32 | -0.60 ± 0.52 |
| Extratropical Eurasia | -1.48 ± 4.72 | -1.37 ± 4.50 | -1.46 ± 1.52 |
| Temperate Northern Ocean | -0.87 ± 0.57 | -0.86 ± 0.56 | -0.77 ± 0.59 |
| Temperate Southern Ocean | -1.28 ± 0.78 | -1.25 ± 0.77 | -1.39 ± 0.63 |
| Tropical and Southern Land | -0.09 ± 2.67 | -0.04 ± 2.66 | 0.28 ± 1.34 |
| Tropical Pacific | 0.43 ± 0.42 | 0.44 ± 0.42 | 0.41 ± 0.23 |
| Temperate Oceans | -2.15 ± 0.97 | -2.10 ± 0.96 | -2.17 ± 0.81 |
| High Latitude Oceans | -0.74 ± 0.43 | -0.70 ± 0.41 | -0.48 ± 0.35 |
| Extratropical Oceans | -2.89 ± 1.09 | -2.81 ± 1.07 | -2.65 ± 0.96 |
| Tropical and Southern Oceans | -1.01 ± 1.02 | -0.91 ± 1.00 | -0.83 ± 0.85 |
| Northern Boreal Land | -1.11 ± 4.10 | -0.98 ± 3.87 | -0.94 ± 1.21 |
| Northern Temperate Land | -0.65 ± 2.66 | -0.72 ± 2.65 | -1.12 ± 1.02 |
| Tropical land minus northern land | 1.70 ± 5.35 | 1.68 ± 5.16 | 2.36 ± 1.83 |
| High North Ocean and Boreal Land | -1.41 ± 4.12 | -1.30 ± 3.88 | -1.23 ± 1.23 |
| Northern Temperate Land and Ocean | -1.51 ± 2.72 | -1.58 ± 2.71 | -1.89 ± 1.18 |
| Southern Temperate Land and Ocean | -1.32 ± 1.82 | -1.26 ± 1.81 | -1.41 ± 1.21 |
| Tropical and Southern Land and Ocean | -1.11 ± 2.86 | -0.94 ± 2.84 | -0.54 ± 1.58 |
| Tropics and south minus north | 1.82 ± 5.72 | 1.93 ± 5.53 | 2.59 ± 2.33 |
| Tropical and southern land minus northern land | 1.66 ± 5.60 | 1.67 ± 5.41 | 2.35 ± 2.10 |
Table 96: Long-term mean fossil fuel emissions used in CT2013B compared to CT2010, including average fluxes computed over common time periods..
Table 97: Long-term mean natural flux (biosphere + ocean + fire) from CT2013B compared to CT2009, including average fluxes computed over common time periods. The uncertainty listed is the one standard deviation level from the ensemble Kalman filter estimate. Units are PgC yr-1.
| 2001-2012 | 2001-2008 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Transcom region | CT2013B | CT2013B | CT2009 |
| North American Boreal | -0.13 ± 0.94 | -0.10 ± 0.92 | -0.11 ± 0.36 |
| North American Temperate | -0.14 ± 0.89 | -0.22 ± 0.99 | -0.49 ± 0.41 |
| South American Tropical | -0.04 ± 1.70 | 0.00 ± 1.69 | 0.15 ± 0.68 |
| South American Temperate | -0.09 ± 1.10 | -0.06 ± 1.13 | -0.03 ± 0.78 |
| Northern Africa | -0.10 ± 1.06 | -0.08 ± 1.05 | 0.03 ± 0.50 |
| Southern Africa | 0.06 ± 1.17 | 0.06 ± 1.12 | 0.12 ± 0.63 |
| Eurasia Boreal | -0.97 ± 3.98 | -0.83 ± 3.69 | -0.80 ± 1.16 |
| Eurasia Temperate | -0.38 ± 1.40 | -0.38 ± 1.41 | -0.35 ± 0.54 |
| Tropical Asia | 0.09 ± 0.61 | 0.10 ± 0.64 | 0.16 ± 0.20 |
| Australia | -0.00 ± 0.34 | 0.01 ± 0.33 | -0.09 ± 0.32 |
| Europe | -0.12 ± 2.04 | -0.10 ± 1.98 | -0.25 ± 0.76 |
| North Pacific Temperate | -0.52 ± 0.44 | -0.51 ± 0.44 | -0.41 ± 0.38 |
| West Pacific Tropical | 0.03 ± 0.09 | 0.03 ± 0.10 | 0.02 ± 0.01 |
| East Pacific Tropical | 0.41 ± 0.40 | 0.42 ± 0.40 | 0.40 ± 0.23 |
| South Pacific Temperate | -0.52 ± 0.50 | -0.50 ± 0.49 | -0.56 ± 0.46 |
| Northern Ocean | -0.30 ± 0.28 | -0.32 ± 0.29 | -0.29 ± 0.19 |
| North Atlantic Temperate | -0.34 ± 0.35 | -0.35 ± 0.35 | -0.37 ± 0.41 |
| Atlantic Tropical | 0.13 ± 0.14 | 0.13 ± 0.14 | 0.19 ± 0.15 |
| South Atlantic Temperate | -0.21 ± 0.25 | -0.20 ± 0.24 | -0.14 ± 0.25 |
| Southern Ocean | -0.43 ± 0.33 | -0.38 ± 0.30 | -0.19 ± 0.31 |
| Indian Tropical | 0.14 ± 0.19 | 0.16 ± 0.20 | 0.16 ± 0.12 |
| South Indian Temperate | -0.56 ± 0.43 | -0.53 ± 0.40 | -0.68 ± 0.24 |
| Not optimized | -0.00 ± 0.00 | -0.00 ± 0.00 | -0.00 ± 0.00 |
| 2001-2012 | 2001-2008 | ||
| Aggregated Transcom region | CT2013B | CT2013B | CT2009 |
| Northern Land | -1.75 ± 4.92 | -1.62 ± 4.68 | -2.00 ± 1.63 |
| Northern Oceans | -1.17 ± 0.62 | -1.18 ± 0.63 | -1.07 ± 0.61 |
| Northern | -2.93 ± 4.96 | -2.80 ± 4.72 | -3.08 ± 1.74 |
| Tropical Land | -0.05 ± 2.10 | 0.01 ± 2.09 | 0.35 ± 0.86 |
| Tropical Ocean | 0.70 ± 0.49 | 0.74 ± 0.49 | 0.76 ± 0.34 |
| Tropical | 0.65 ± 2.15 | 0.75 ± 2.15 | 1.11 ± 0.93 |
| Southern Land | -0.04 ± 1.64 | 0.01 ± 1.62 | -0.00 ± 1.05 |
| Ocean in South | -1.72 ± 0.84 | -1.60 ± 0.80 | -1.57 ± 0.66 |
| Southern | -1.76 ± 1.85 | -1.59 ± 1.81 | -1.57 ± 1.24 |
| Americas | -0.41 ± 2.41 | -0.39 ± 2.45 | -0.47 ± 1.16 |
| Atlantic and Arctic | -0.73 ± 0.54 | -0.74 ± 0.54 | -0.61 ± 0.58 |
| Eurasia and Africa | -0.16 ± 2.58 | -0.12 ± 2.51 | -0.10 ± 1.11 |
| Indian Ocean | -0.41 ± 0.47 | -0.37 ± 0.44 | -0.53 ± 0.26 |
| Asia | -1.27 ± 4.27 | -1.09 ± 4.01 | -1.08 ± 1.35 |
| Pacific Ocean | -0.61 ± 0.77 | -0.56 ± 0.77 | -0.56 ± 0.61 |
| All Land | -1.85 ± 5.60 | -1.60 ± 5.39 | -1.65 ± 2.12 |
| All Ocean | -2.19 ± 1.23 | -2.04 ± 1.21 | -1.89 ± 1.09 |
| Global | -4.03 ± 5.74 | -3.64 ± 5.52 | -3.54 ± 2.38 |
| North America | -0.28 ± 1.29 | -0.32 ± 1.35 | -0.59 ± 0.54 |
| Extratropical Eurasia | -1.48 ± 4.72 | -1.30 ± 4.45 | -1.41 ± 1.53 |
| Temperate Northern Ocean | -0.87 ± 0.57 | -0.86 ± 0.57 | -0.79 ± 0.59 |
| Temperate Southern Ocean | -1.28 ± 0.78 | -1.23 ± 0.75 | -1.38 ± 0.63 |
| Tropical and Southern Land | -0.09 ± 2.67 | 0.02 ± 2.66 | 0.35 ± 1.35 |
| Tropical Pacific | 0.43 ± 0.42 | 0.45 ± 0.42 | 0.42 ± 0.23 |
| Temperate Oceans | -2.15 ± 0.97 | -2.09 ± 0.95 | -2.17 ± 0.81 |
| High Latitude Oceans | -0.74 ± 0.43 | -0.69 ± 0.41 | -0.47 ± 0.35 |
| Extratropical Oceans | -2.89 ± 1.09 | -2.78 ± 1.06 | -2.64 ± 0.95 |
| Tropical and Southern Oceans | -1.01 ± 1.02 | -0.86 ± 1.00 | -0.81 ± 0.85 |
| Northern Boreal Land | -1.11 ± 4.10 | -0.93 ± 3.82 | -0.91 ± 1.22 |
| Northern Temperate Land | -0.65 ± 2.66 | -0.69 ± 2.65 | -1.09 ± 1.04 |
| Tropical land minus northern land | 1.70 ± 5.35 | 1.63 ± 5.13 | 2.35 ± 1.85 |
| High North Ocean and Boreal Land | -1.41 ± 4.12 | -1.25 ± 3.83 | -1.20 ± 1.23 |
| Northern Temperate Land and Ocean | -1.51 ± 2.72 | -1.55 ± 2.71 | -1.88 ± 1.20 |
| Southern Temperate Land and Ocean | -1.32 ± 1.82 | -1.22 ± 1.79 | -1.38 ± 1.22 |
| Tropical and Southern Land and Ocean | -1.11 ± 2.86 | -0.84 ± 2.84 | -0.46 ± 1.60 |
| Tropics and south minus north | 1.82 ± 5.72 | 1.96 ± 5.50 | 2.61 ± 2.34 |
| Tropical and southern land minus northern land | 1.66 ± 5.60 | 1.64 ± 5.38 | 2.35 ± 2.12 |
Table 98: Long-term mean fossil fuel emissions used in CT2013B compared to CT2009, including average fluxes computed over common time periods..
Table 99: Long-term mean natural flux (biosphere + ocean + fire) from CT2013B compared to CT2008, including average fluxes computed over common time periods. The uncertainty listed is the one standard deviation level from the ensemble Kalman filter estimate. Units are PgC yr-1.
| 2001-2012 | 2001-2007 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Transcom region | CT2013B | CT2013B | CT2008 |
| North American Boreal | -0.13 ± 0.94 | -0.11 ± 0.95 | -0.12 ± 0.37 |
| North American Temperate | -0.14 ± 0.89 | -0.25 ± 1.03 | -0.60 ± 0.44 |
| South American Tropical | -0.04 ± 1.70 | 0.03 ± 1.67 | 0.17 ± 0.67 |
| South American Temperate | -0.09 ± 1.10 | -0.06 ± 1.14 | -0.04 ± 0.78 |
| Northern Africa | -0.10 ± 1.06 | -0.08 ± 1.06 | 0.02 ± 0.50 |
| Southern Africa | 0.06 ± 1.17 | 0.10 ± 1.07 | 0.17 ± 0.62 |
| Eurasia Boreal | -0.97 ± 3.98 | -0.76 ± 3.54 | -0.82 ± 1.17 |
| Eurasia Temperate | -0.38 ± 1.40 | -0.38 ± 1.40 | -0.35 ± 0.54 |
| Tropical Asia | 0.09 ± 0.61 | 0.11 ± 0.64 | 0.19 ± 0.21 |
| Australia | -0.00 ± 0.34 | 0.01 ± 0.34 | -0.06 ± 0.31 |
| Europe | -0.12 ± 2.04 | -0.08 ± 1.97 | -0.25 ± 0.73 |
| North Pacific Temperate | -0.52 ± 0.44 | -0.50 ± 0.43 | -0.42 ± 0.38 |
| West Pacific Tropical | 0.03 ± 0.09 | 0.03 ± 0.10 | 0.02 ± 0.01 |
| East Pacific Tropical | 0.41 ± 0.40 | 0.42 ± 0.41 | 0.41 ± 0.23 |
| South Pacific Temperate | -0.52 ± 0.50 | -0.48 ± 0.47 | -0.54 ± 0.46 |
| Northern Ocean | -0.30 ± 0.28 | -0.32 ± 0.29 | -0.28 ± 0.19 |
| North Atlantic Temperate | -0.34 ± 0.35 | -0.35 ± 0.35 | -0.38 ± 0.41 |
| Atlantic Tropical | 0.13 ± 0.14 | 0.14 ± 0.14 | 0.19 ± 0.15 |
| South Atlantic Temperate | -0.21 ± 0.25 | -0.20 ± 0.24 | -0.13 ± 0.25 |
| Southern Ocean | -0.43 ± 0.33 | -0.36 ± 0.29 | -0.18 ± 0.30 |
| Indian Tropical | 0.14 ± 0.19 | 0.16 ± 0.20 | 0.16 ± 0.12 |
| South Indian Temperate | -0.56 ± 0.43 | -0.52 ± 0.39 | -0.67 ± 0.23 |
| Not optimized | -0.00 ± 0.00 | -0.00 ± 0.00 | -0.00 ± 0.00 |
| 2001-2012 | 2001-2007 | ||
| Aggregated Transcom region | CT2013B | CT2013B | CT2008 |
| Northern Land | -1.75 ± 4.92 | -1.56 ± 4.57 | -2.14 ± 1.63 |
| Northern Oceans | -1.17 ± 0.62 | -1.17 ± 0.62 | -1.08 ± 0.60 |
| Northern | -2.93 ± 4.96 | -2.73 ± 4.61 | -3.23 ± 1.74 |
| Tropical Land | -0.05 ± 2.10 | 0.07 ± 2.09 | 0.39 ± 0.86 |
| Tropical Ocean | 0.70 ± 0.49 | 0.75 ± 0.50 | 0.78 ± 0.34 |
| Tropical | 0.65 ± 2.15 | 0.82 ± 2.15 | 1.16 ± 0.93 |
| Southern Land | -0.04 ± 1.64 | 0.04 ± 1.61 | 0.06 ± 1.04 |
| Ocean in South | -1.72 ± 0.84 | -1.56 ± 0.77 | -1.51 ± 0.65 |
| Southern | -1.76 ± 1.85 | -1.51 ± 1.78 | -1.45 ± 1.23 |
| Americas | -0.41 ± 2.41 | -0.39 ± 2.48 | -0.58 ± 1.17 |
| Atlantic and Arctic | -0.73 ± 0.54 | -0.73 ± 0.54 | -0.60 ± 0.57 |
| Eurasia and Africa | -0.16 ± 2.58 | -0.06 ± 2.48 | -0.06 ± 1.08 |
| Indian Ocean | -0.41 ± 0.47 | -0.36 ± 0.43 | -0.51 ± 0.26 |
| Asia | -1.27 ± 4.27 | -1.01 ± 3.87 | -1.05 ± 1.36 |
| Pacific Ocean | -0.61 ± 0.77 | -0.52 ± 0.76 | -0.53 ± 0.61 |
| All Land | -1.85 ± 5.60 | -1.45 ± 5.28 | -1.70 ± 2.11 |
| All Ocean | -2.19 ± 1.23 | -1.98 ± 1.19 | -1.82 ± 1.08 |
| Global | -4.03 ± 5.74 | -3.43 ± 5.41 | -3.52 ± 2.38 |
| North America | -0.28 ± 1.29 | -0.35 ± 1.40 | -0.72 ± 0.57 |
| Extratropical Eurasia | -1.48 ± 4.72 | -1.21 ± 4.32 | -1.43 ± 1.52 |
| Temperate Northern Ocean | -0.87 ± 0.57 | -0.85 ± 0.56 | -0.80 ± 0.58 |
| Temperate Southern Ocean | -1.28 ± 0.78 | -1.19 ± 0.72 | -1.34 ± 0.63 |
| Tropical and Southern Land | -0.09 ± 2.67 | 0.11 ± 2.64 | 0.45 ± 1.35 |
| Tropical Pacific | 0.43 ± 0.42 | 0.46 ± 0.43 | 0.43 ± 0.23 |
| Temperate Oceans | -2.15 ± 0.97 | -2.05 ± 0.92 | -2.14 ± 0.81 |
| High Latitude Oceans | -0.74 ± 0.43 | -0.68 ± 0.40 | -0.46 ± 0.34 |
| Extratropical Oceans | -2.89 ± 1.09 | -2.73 ± 1.03 | -2.60 ± 0.94 |
| Tropical and Southern Oceans | -1.01 ± 1.02 | -0.81 ± 0.97 | -0.74 ± 0.84 |
| Northern Boreal Land | -1.11 ± 4.10 | -0.86 ± 3.67 | -0.94 ± 1.23 |
| Northern Temperate Land | -0.65 ± 2.66 | -0.70 ± 2.66 | -1.20 ± 1.03 |
| Tropical land minus northern land | 1.70 ± 5.35 | 1.63 ± 5.02 | 2.53 ± 1.85 |
| High North Ocean and Boreal Land | -1.41 ± 4.12 | -1.18 ± 3.68 | -1.23 ± 1.24 |
| Northern Temperate Land and Ocean | -1.51 ± 2.72 | -1.56 ± 2.72 | -2.00 ± 1.18 |
| Southern Temperate Land and Ocean | -1.32 ± 1.82 | -1.15 ± 1.76 | -1.27 ± 1.21 |
| Tropical and Southern Land and Ocean | -1.11 ± 2.86 | -0.70 ± 2.81 | -0.29 ± 1.59 |
| Tropics and south minus north | 1.82 ± 5.72 | 2.04 ± 5.39 | 2.94 ± 2.34 |
| Tropical and southern land minus northern land | 1.66 ± 5.60 | 1.67 ± 5.28 | 2.59 ± 2.12 |
Table 100: Long-term mean fossil fuel emissions used in CT2013B compared to CT2008, including average fluxes computed over common time periods..
Table 101: Long-term mean natural flux (biosphere + ocean + fire) from CT2013B compared to CT2007B, including average fluxes computed over common time periods. The uncertainty listed is the one standard deviation level from the ensemble Kalman filter estimate. Units are PgC yr-1.
| 2001-2012 | 2001-2006 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Transcom region | CT2013B | CT2013B | CT2007B |
| North American Boreal | -0.13 ± 0.94 | -0.09 ± 0.98 | -0.14 ± 0.37 |
| North American Temperate | -0.14 ± 0.89 | -0.25 ± 1.07 | -0.54 ± 0.52 |
| South American Tropical | -0.04 ± 1.70 | 0.02 ± 1.70 | 0.08 ± 0.68 |
| South American Temperate | -0.09 ± 1.10 | -0.08 ± 1.14 | -0.03 ± 0.76 |
| Northern Africa | -0.10 ± 1.06 | -0.08 ± 1.06 | 0.03 ± 0.50 |
| Southern Africa | 0.06 ± 1.17 | 0.11 ± 1.06 | 0.21 ± 0.59 |
| Eurasia Boreal | -0.97 ± 3.98 | -0.73 ± 3.56 | -0.64 ± 1.10 |
| Eurasia Temperate | -0.38 ± 1.40 | -0.35 ± 1.40 | -0.32 ± 0.54 |
| Tropical Asia | 0.09 ± 0.61 | 0.12 ± 0.63 | 0.20 ± 0.20 |
| Australia | -0.00 ± 0.34 | 0.01 ± 0.32 | -0.10 ± 0.31 |
| Europe | -0.12 ± 2.04 | -0.07 ± 2.00 | -0.30 ± 0.79 |
| North Pacific Temperate | -0.52 ± 0.44 | -0.50 ± 0.44 | -0.39 ± 0.37 |
| West Pacific Tropical | 0.03 ± 0.09 | 0.03 ± 0.10 | 0.02 ± 0.02 |
| East Pacific Tropical | 0.41 ± 0.40 | 0.43 ± 0.41 | 0.38 ± 0.23 |
| South Pacific Temperate | -0.52 ± 0.50 | -0.47 ± 0.46 | -0.49 ± 0.45 |
| Northern Ocean | -0.30 ± 0.28 | -0.31 ± 0.28 | -0.27 ± 0.19 |
| North Atlantic Temperate | -0.34 ± 0.35 | -0.34 ± 0.35 | -0.40 ± 0.39 |
| Atlantic Tropical | 0.13 ± 0.14 | 0.14 ± 0.14 | 0.19 ± 0.15 |
| South Atlantic Temperate | -0.21 ± 0.25 | -0.19 ± 0.24 | -0.14 ± 0.23 |
| Southern Ocean | -0.43 ± 0.33 | -0.35 ± 0.29 | -0.22 ± 0.32 |
| Indian Tropical | 0.14 ± 0.19 | 0.16 ± 0.20 | 0.16 ± 0.13 |
| South Indian Temperate | -0.56 ± 0.43 | -0.51 ± 0.38 | -0.64 ± 0.24 |
| Not optimized | -0.00 ± 0.00 | -0.00 ± 0.00 | -0.00 ± 0.00 |
| 2001-2012 | 2001-2006 | ||
| Aggregated Transcom region | CT2013B | CT2013B | CT2007B |
| Northern Land | -1.75 ± 4.92 | -1.50 ± 4.62 | -1.94 ± 1.64 |
| Northern Oceans | -1.17 ± 0.62 | -1.15 ± 0.62 | -1.05 ± 0.58 |
| Northern | -2.93 ± 4.96 | -2.65 ± 4.66 | -3.00 ± 1.74 |
| Tropical Land | -0.05 ± 2.10 | 0.06 ± 2.10 | 0.30 ± 0.86 |
| Tropical Ocean | 0.70 ± 0.49 | 0.76 ± 0.51 | 0.74 ± 0.35 |
| Tropical | 0.65 ± 2.15 | 0.82 ± 2.16 | 1.05 ± 0.93 |
| Southern Land | -0.04 ± 1.64 | 0.04 ± 1.59 | 0.08 ± 1.01 |
| Ocean in South | -1.72 ± 0.84 | -1.52 ± 0.76 | -1.49 ± 0.66 |
| Southern | -1.76 ± 1.85 | -1.48 ± 1.77 | -1.41 ± 1.21 |
| Americas | -0.41 ± 2.41 | -0.41 ± 2.52 | -0.63 ± 1.21 |
| Atlantic and Arctic | -0.73 ± 0.54 | -0.71 ± 0.53 | -0.62 ± 0.55 |
| Eurasia and Africa | -0.16 ± 2.58 | -0.04 ± 2.51 | -0.06 ± 1.10 |
| Indian Ocean | -0.41 ± 0.47 | -0.35 ± 0.43 | -0.48 ± 0.26 |
| Asia | -1.27 ± 4.27 | -0.95 ± 3.89 | -0.87 ± 1.30 |
| Pacific Ocean | -0.61 ± 0.77 | -0.50 ± 0.77 | -0.48 ± 0.62 |
| All Land | -1.85 ± 5.60 | -1.40 ± 5.33 | -1.56 ± 2.11 |
| All Ocean | -2.19 ± 1.23 | -1.91 ± 1.18 | -1.80 ± 1.09 |
| Global | -4.03 ± 5.74 | -3.31 ± 5.46 | -3.36 ± 2.37 |
| North America | -0.28 ± 1.29 | -0.34 ± 1.45 | -0.68 ± 0.64 |
| Extratropical Eurasia | -1.48 ± 4.72 | -1.16 ± 4.36 | -1.26 ± 1.50 |
| Temperate Northern Ocean | -0.87 ± 0.57 | -0.84 ± 0.56 | -0.78 ± 0.56 |
| Temperate Southern Ocean | -1.28 ± 0.78 | -1.17 ± 0.71 | -1.27 ± 0.63 |
| Tropical and Southern Land | -0.09 ± 2.67 | 0.10 ± 2.64 | 0.38 ± 1.33 |
| Tropical Pacific | 0.43 ± 0.42 | 0.47 ± 0.43 | 0.40 ± 0.24 |
| Temperate Oceans | -2.15 ± 0.97 | -2.01 ± 0.92 | -2.05 ± 0.79 |
| High Latitude Oceans | -0.74 ± 0.43 | -0.66 ± 0.40 | -0.50 ± 0.36 |
| Extratropical Oceans | -2.89 ± 1.09 | -2.67 ± 1.02 | -2.55 ± 0.93 |
| Tropical and Southern Oceans | -1.01 ± 1.02 | -0.76 ± 0.97 | -0.75 ± 0.87 |
| Northern Boreal Land | -1.11 ± 4.10 | -0.83 ± 3.70 | -0.78 ± 1.17 |
| Northern Temperate Land | -0.65 ± 2.66 | -0.67 ± 2.70 | -1.16 ± 1.10 |
| Tropical land minus northern land | 1.70 ± 5.35 | 1.56 ± 5.08 | 2.25 ± 1.86 |
| High North Ocean and Boreal Land | -1.41 ± 4.12 | -1.14 ± 3.71 | -1.05 ± 1.18 |
| Northern Temperate Land and Ocean | -1.51 ± 2.72 | -1.51 ± 2.75 | -1.94 ± 1.24 |
| Southern Temperate Land and Ocean | -1.32 ± 1.82 | -1.13 ± 1.75 | -1.19 ± 1.20 |
| Tropical and Southern Land and Ocean | -1.11 ± 2.86 | -0.66 ± 2.81 | -0.37 ± 1.59 |
| Tropics and south minus north | 1.82 ± 5.72 | 1.99 ± 5.44 | 2.63 ± 2.34 |
| Tropical and southern land minus northern land | 1.66 ± 5.60 | 1.60 ± 5.32 | 2.33 ± 2.12 |
Table 102: Long-term mean fossil fuel emissions used in CT2013B compared to CT2007B, including average fluxes computed over common time periods..
Table 103: Long-term mean natural flux (biosphere + ocean + fire) from CT2013 compared to CT2011_oi, including average fluxes computed over common time periods. The uncertainty listed is the one standard deviation level from the ensemble Kalman filter estimate. Units are PgC yr-1.
| 2001-2012 | 2001-2010 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Transcom region | CT2013 | CT2013 | CT2011_oi |
| North American Boreal | -0.17 ± 0.79 | -0.15 ± 0.76 | -0.13 ± 0.91 |
| North American Temperate | -0.44 ± 0.78 | -0.49 ± 0.82 | -0.45 ± 0.87 |
| South American Tropical | 0.01 ± 1.63 | 0.03 ± 1.63 | 0.18 ± 1.53 |
| South American Temperate | 0.04 ± 1.13 | 0.07 ± 1.15 | 0.09 ± 1.18 |
| Northern Africa | -0.09 ± 1.01 | -0.09 ± 1.02 | -0.05 ± 0.99 |
| Southern Africa | 0.08 ± 1.11 | 0.09 ± 1.08 | 0.13 ± 1.02 |
| Eurasia Boreal | -0.99 ± 3.49 | -0.91 ± 3.37 | -0.96 ± 3.40 |
| Eurasia Temperate | -0.38 ± 1.33 | -0.36 ± 1.32 | -0.37 ± 1.35 |
| Tropical Asia | 0.12 ± 0.56 | 0.13 ± 0.57 | 0.16 ± 0.55 |
| Australia | 0.02 ± 0.32 | 0.02 ± 0.31 | -0.02 ± 0.46 |
| Europe | -0.38 ± 1.81 | -0.34 ± 1.77 | -0.35 ± 1.82 |
| North Pacific Temperate | -0.44 ± 0.37 | -0.43 ± 0.36 | -0.40 ± 0.40 |
| West Pacific Tropical | 0.03 ± 0.09 | 0.03 ± 0.09 | 0.02 ± 0.09 |
| East Pacific Tropical | 0.41 ± 0.40 | 0.42 ± 0.40 | 0.35 ± 0.35 |
| South Pacific Temperate | -0.54 ± 0.52 | -0.53 ± 0.51 | -0.58 ± 0.57 |
| Northern Ocean | -0.30 ± 0.26 | -0.30 ± 0.27 | -0.24 ± 0.23 |
| North Atlantic Temperate | -0.30 ± 0.32 | -0.30 ± 0.32 | -0.39 ± 0.39 |
| Atlantic Tropical | 0.13 ± 0.14 | 0.14 ± 0.14 | 0.18 ± 0.16 |
| South Atlantic Temperate | -0.18 ± 0.21 | -0.17 ± 0.21 | -0.17 ± 0.21 |
| Southern Ocean | -0.31 ± 0.28 | -0.28 ± 0.27 | -0.27 ± 0.26 |
| Indian Tropical | 0.15 ± 0.19 | 0.15 ± 0.19 | 0.18 ± 0.22 |
| South Indian Temperate | -0.53 ± 0.43 | -0.52 ± 0.42 | -0.67 ± 0.45 |
| Not optimized | -0.00 ± 0.00 | -0.00 ± 0.00 | -0.00 ± 0.00 |
| 2001-2012 | 2001-2010 | ||
| Aggregated Transcom region | CT2013 | CT2013 | CT2011_oi |
| Northern Land | -2.35 ± 4.36 | -2.27 ± 4.25 | -2.27 ± 4.33 |
| Northern Oceans | -1.04 ± 0.55 | -1.04 ± 0.55 | -1.02 ± 0.61 |
| Northern | -3.39 ± 4.39 | -3.30 ± 4.28 | -3.30 ± 4.37 |
| Tropical Land | 0.04 ± 2.00 | 0.07 ± 2.01 | 0.29 ± 1.90 |
| Tropical Ocean | 0.72 ± 0.49 | 0.73 ± 0.49 | 0.72 ± 0.51 |
| Tropical | 0.75 ± 2.06 | 0.80 ± 2.07 | 1.01 ± 1.97 |
| Southern Land | 0.14 ± 1.62 | 0.19 ± 1.62 | 0.20 ± 1.63 |
| Ocean in South | -1.56 ± 0.85 | -1.50 ± 0.83 | -1.69 ± 0.90 |
| Southern | -1.41 ± 1.83 | -1.32 ± 1.82 | -1.49 ± 1.87 |
| Americas | -0.56 ± 2.29 | -0.55 ± 2.31 | -0.32 ± 2.32 |
| Atlantic and Arctic | -0.64 ± 0.49 | -0.64 ± 0.49 | -0.61 ± 0.55 |
| Eurasia and Africa | -0.38 ± 2.36 | -0.34 ± 2.32 | -0.28 ± 2.31 |
| Indian Ocean | -0.39 ± 0.47 | -0.37 ± 0.46 | -0.50 ± 0.49 |
| Asia | -1.23 ± 3.80 | -1.13 ± 3.68 | -1.19 ± 3.73 |
| Pacific Ocean | -0.54 ± 0.76 | -0.51 ± 0.76 | -0.62 ± 0.76 |
| All Land | -2.17 ± 5.07 | -2.01 ± 4.97 | -1.79 ± 5.00 |
| All Ocean | -1.88 ± 1.17 | -1.80 ± 1.16 | -2.00 ± 1.23 |
| Global | -4.05 ± 5.20 | -3.82 ± 5.11 | -3.78 ± 5.15 |
| North America | -0.61 ± 1.12 | -0.65 ± 1.13 | -0.59 ± 1.27 |
| Extratropical Eurasia | -1.74 ± 4.18 | -1.62 ± 4.06 | -1.69 ± 4.12 |
| Temperate Northern Ocean | -0.74 ± 0.49 | -0.73 ± 0.48 | -0.79 ± 0.57 |
| Temperate Southern Ocean | -1.25 ± 0.81 | -1.22 ± 0.80 | -1.42 ± 0.86 |
| Tropical and Southern Land | 0.18 ± 2.58 | 0.25 ± 2.59 | 0.48 ± 2.50 |
| Tropical Pacific | 0.44 ± 0.42 | 0.45 ± 0.42 | 0.37 ± 0.37 |
| Temperate Oceans | -1.99 ± 0.94 | -1.95 ± 0.93 | -2.21 ± 1.02 |
| High Latitude Oceans | -0.61 ± 0.38 | -0.59 ± 0.37 | -0.51 ± 0.33 |
| Extratropical Oceans | -2.60 ± 1.03 | -2.54 ± 1.01 | -2.72 ± 1.14 |
| Tropical and Southern Oceans | -0.84 ± 1.03 | -0.77 ± 1.02 | -0.97 ± 1.03 |
| Northern Boreal Land | -1.16 ± 3.59 | -1.07 ± 3.46 | -1.09 ± 3.52 |
| Northern Temperate Land | -1.19 ± 2.41 | -1.20 ± 2.39 | -1.18 ± 2.46 |
| Tropical land minus northern land | 2.38 ± 4.80 | 2.34 ± 4.70 | 2.56 ± 4.74 |
| High North Ocean and Boreal Land | -1.45 ± 3.60 | -1.37 ± 3.47 | -1.33 ± 3.53 |
| Northern Temperate Land and Ocean | -1.93 ± 2.46 | -1.93 ± 2.44 | -1.96 ± 2.53 |
| Southern Temperate Land and Ocean | -1.10 ± 1.82 | -1.03 ± 1.81 | -1.22 ± 1.85 |
| Tropical and Southern Land and Ocean | -0.66 ± 2.78 | -0.51 ± 2.78 | -0.49 ± 2.71 |
| Tropics and south minus north | 2.73 ± 5.20 | 2.79 ± 5.11 | 2.81 ± 5.14 |
| Tropical and southern land minus northern land | 2.53 ± 5.07 | 2.52 ± 4.98 | 2.76 ± 5.01 |
Table 104: Long-term mean fossil fuel emissions used in CT2013 compared to CT2011_oi, including average fluxes computed over common time periods..
Table 105: Long-term mean natural flux (biosphere + ocean + fire) from CT2013 compared to CT2010, including average fluxes computed over common time periods. The uncertainty listed is the one standard deviation level from the ensemble Kalman filter estimate. Units are PgC yr-1.
| 2001-2012 | 2001-2009 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Transcom region | CT2013 | CT2013 | CT2010 |
| North American Boreal | -0.17 ± 0.79 | -0.15 ± 0.76 | -0.11 ± 0.35 |
| North American Temperate | -0.44 ± 0.78 | -0.51 ± 0.86 | -0.49 ± 0.39 |
| South American Tropical | 0.01 ± 1.63 | 0.01 ± 1.61 | 0.13 ± 0.67 |
| South American Temperate | 0.04 ± 1.13 | 0.07 ± 1.16 | -0.03 ± 0.78 |
| Northern Africa | -0.09 ± 1.01 | -0.08 ± 1.02 | 0.02 ± 0.50 |
| Southern Africa | 0.08 ± 1.11 | 0.07 ± 1.10 | 0.10 ± 0.62 |
| Eurasia Boreal | -0.99 ± 3.49 | -0.89 ± 3.34 | -0.83 ± 1.16 |
| Eurasia Temperate | -0.38 ± 1.33 | -0.39 ± 1.34 | -0.35 ± 0.54 |
| Tropical Asia | 0.12 ± 0.56 | 0.12 ± 0.58 | 0.15 ± 0.20 |
| Australia | 0.02 ± 0.32 | 0.03 ± 0.31 | -0.09 ± 0.31 |
| Europe | -0.38 ± 1.81 | -0.32 ± 1.77 | -0.28 ± 0.75 |
| North Pacific Temperate | -0.44 ± 0.37 | -0.43 ± 0.36 | -0.40 ± 0.38 |
| West Pacific Tropical | 0.03 ± 0.09 | 0.03 ± 0.09 | 0.02 ± 0.01 |
| East Pacific Tropical | 0.41 ± 0.40 | 0.41 ± 0.40 | 0.39 ± 0.23 |
| South Pacific Temperate | -0.54 ± 0.52 | -0.53 ± 0.52 | -0.57 ± 0.46 |
| Northern Ocean | -0.30 ± 0.26 | -0.31 ± 0.27 | -0.29 ± 0.19 |
| North Atlantic Temperate | -0.30 ± 0.32 | -0.30 ± 0.32 | -0.37 ± 0.41 |
| Atlantic Tropical | 0.13 ± 0.14 | 0.14 ± 0.14 | 0.19 ± 0.15 |
| South Atlantic Temperate | -0.18 ± 0.21 | -0.17 ± 0.21 | -0.14 ± 0.25 |
| Southern Ocean | -0.31 ± 0.28 | -0.27 ± 0.26 | -0.19 ± 0.32 |
| Indian Tropical | 0.15 ± 0.19 | 0.15 ± 0.19 | 0.16 ± 0.12 |
| South Indian Temperate | -0.53 ± 0.43 | -0.51 ± 0.41 | -0.69 ± 0.24 |
| Not optimized | -0.00 ± 0.00 | -0.00 ± 0.00 | -0.00 ± 0.00 |
| 2001-2012 | 2001-2009 | ||
| Aggregated Transcom region | CT2013 | CT2013 | CT2010 |
| Northern Land | -2.35 ± 4.36 | -2.26 ± 4.23 | -2.06 ± 1.62 |
| Northern Oceans | -1.04 ± 0.55 | -1.04 ± 0.55 | -1.07 ± 0.61 |
| Northern | -3.39 ± 4.39 | -3.30 ± 4.26 | -3.13 ± 1.73 |
| Tropical Land | 0.04 ± 2.00 | 0.05 ± 2.00 | 0.30 ± 0.85 |
| Tropical Ocean | 0.72 ± 0.49 | 0.74 ± 0.49 | 0.75 ± 0.34 |
| Tropical | 0.75 ± 2.06 | 0.78 ± 2.06 | 1.06 ± 0.92 |
| Southern Land | 0.14 ± 1.62 | 0.17 ± 1.63 | -0.02 ± 1.04 |
| Ocean in South | -1.56 ± 0.85 | -1.48 ± 0.82 | -1.58 ± 0.66 |
| Southern | -1.41 ± 1.83 | -1.30 ± 1.83 | -1.60 ± 1.23 |
| Americas | -0.56 ± 2.29 | -0.58 ± 2.30 | -0.50 ± 1.15 |
| Atlantic and Arctic | -0.64 ± 0.49 | -0.64 ± 0.49 | -0.62 ± 0.58 |
| Eurasia and Africa | -0.38 ± 2.36 | -0.33 ± 2.32 | -0.16 ± 1.09 |
| Indian Ocean | -0.39 ± 0.47 | -0.36 ± 0.45 | -0.53 ± 0.26 |
| Asia | -1.23 ± 3.80 | -1.13 ± 3.66 | -1.11 ± 1.34 |
| Pacific Ocean | -0.54 ± 0.76 | -0.51 ± 0.76 | -0.56 ± 0.61 |
| All Land | -2.17 ± 5.07 | -2.04 ± 4.95 | -1.78 ± 2.10 |
| All Ocean | -1.88 ± 1.17 | -1.78 ± 1.16 | -1.89 ± 1.09 |
| Global | -4.05 ± 5.20 | -3.82 ± 5.09 | -3.67 ± 2.37 |
| North America | -0.61 ± 1.12 | -0.66 ± 1.15 | -0.60 ± 0.52 |
| Extratropical Eurasia | -1.74 ± 4.18 | -1.60 ± 4.04 | -1.46 ± 1.52 |
| Temperate Northern Ocean | -0.74 ± 0.49 | -0.73 ± 0.48 | -0.77 ± 0.59 |
| Temperate Southern Ocean | -1.25 ± 0.81 | -1.21 ± 0.80 | -1.39 ± 0.63 |
| Tropical and Southern Land | 0.18 ± 2.58 | 0.22 ± 2.58 | 0.28 ± 1.34 |
| Tropical Pacific | 0.44 ± 0.42 | 0.45 ± 0.42 | 0.41 ± 0.23 |
| Temperate Oceans | -1.99 ± 0.94 | -1.94 ± 0.92 | -2.17 ± 0.81 |
| High Latitude Oceans | -0.61 ± 0.38 | -0.58 ± 0.37 | -0.48 ± 0.35 |
| Extratropical Oceans | -2.60 ± 1.03 | -2.52 ± 1.01 | -2.65 ± 0.96 |
| Tropical and Southern Oceans | -0.84 ± 1.03 | -0.74 ± 1.01 | -0.83 ± 0.85 |
| Northern Boreal Land | -1.16 ± 3.59 | -1.04 ± 3.43 | -0.94 ± 1.21 |
| Northern Temperate Land | -1.19 ± 2.41 | -1.22 ± 2.41 | -1.12 ± 1.02 |
| Tropical land minus northern land | 2.38 ± 4.80 | 2.31 ± 4.68 | 2.36 ± 1.83 |
| High North Ocean and Boreal Land | -1.45 ± 3.60 | -1.35 ± 3.44 | -1.23 ± 1.23 |
| Northern Temperate Land and Ocean | -1.93 ± 2.46 | -1.95 ± 2.45 | -1.89 ± 1.18 |
| Southern Temperate Land and Ocean | -1.10 ± 1.82 | -1.03 ± 1.82 | -1.41 ± 1.21 |
| Tropical and Southern Land and Ocean | -0.66 ± 2.78 | -0.52 ± 2.78 | -0.54 ± 1.58 |
| Tropics and south minus north | 2.73 ± 5.20 | 2.78 ± 5.09 | 2.59 ± 2.33 |
| Tropical and southern land minus northern land | 2.53 ± 5.07 | 2.49 ± 4.96 | 2.35 ± 2.10 |
Table 106: Long-term mean fossil fuel emissions used in CT2013 compared to CT2010, including average fluxes computed over common time periods..
Table 107: Long-term mean natural flux (biosphere + ocean + fire) from CT2013 compared to CT2009, including average fluxes computed over common time periods. The uncertainty listed is the one standard deviation level from the ensemble Kalman filter estimate. Units are PgC yr-1.
| 2001-2012 | 2001-2008 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Transcom region | CT2013 | CT2013 | CT2009 |
| North American Boreal | -0.17 ± 0.79 | -0.14 ± 0.75 | -0.11 ± 0.36 |
| North American Temperate | -0.44 ± 0.78 | -0.50 ± 0.89 | -0.49 ± 0.41 |
| South American Tropical | 0.01 ± 1.63 | 0.03 ± 1.60 | 0.15 ± 0.68 |
| South American Temperate | 0.04 ± 1.13 | 0.06 ± 1.17 | -0.03 ± 0.78 |
| Northern Africa | -0.09 ± 1.01 | -0.08 ± 1.04 | 0.03 ± 0.50 |
| Southern Africa | 0.08 ± 1.11 | 0.10 ± 1.05 | 0.12 ± 0.63 |
| Eurasia Boreal | -0.99 ± 3.49 | -0.87 ± 3.31 | -0.80 ± 1.16 |
| Eurasia Temperate | -0.38 ± 1.33 | -0.38 ± 1.31 | -0.35 ± 0.54 |
| Tropical Asia | 0.12 ± 0.56 | 0.13 ± 0.58 | 0.16 ± 0.20 |
| Australia | 0.02 ± 0.32 | 0.04 ± 0.31 | -0.09 ± 0.32 |
| Europe | -0.38 ± 1.81 | -0.30 ± 1.76 | -0.25 ± 0.76 |
| North Pacific Temperate | -0.44 ± 0.37 | -0.43 ± 0.36 | -0.41 ± 0.38 |
| West Pacific Tropical | 0.03 ± 0.09 | 0.03 ± 0.09 | 0.02 ± 0.01 |
| East Pacific Tropical | 0.41 ± 0.40 | 0.42 ± 0.40 | 0.40 ± 0.23 |
| South Pacific Temperate | -0.54 ± 0.52 | -0.52 ± 0.51 | -0.56 ± 0.46 |
| Northern Ocean | -0.30 ± 0.26 | -0.31 ± 0.27 | -0.29 ± 0.19 |
| North Atlantic Temperate | -0.30 ± 0.32 | -0.30 ± 0.32 | -0.37 ± 0.41 |
| Atlantic Tropical | 0.13 ± 0.14 | 0.14 ± 0.14 | 0.19 ± 0.15 |
| South Atlantic Temperate | -0.18 ± 0.21 | -0.17 ± 0.21 | -0.14 ± 0.25 |
| Southern Ocean | -0.31 ± 0.28 | -0.26 ± 0.26 | -0.19 ± 0.31 |
| Indian Tropical | 0.15 ± 0.19 | 0.16 ± 0.20 | 0.16 ± 0.12 |
| South Indian Temperate | -0.53 ± 0.43 | -0.50 ± 0.40 | -0.68 ± 0.24 |
| Not optimized | -0.00 ± 0.00 | -0.00 ± 0.00 | -0.00 ± 0.00 |
| 2001-2012 | 2001-2008 | ||
| Aggregated Transcom region | CT2013 | CT2013 | CT2009 |
| Northern Land | -2.35 ± 4.36 | -2.19 ± 4.20 | -2.00 ± 1.63 |
| Northern Oceans | -1.04 ± 0.55 | -1.04 ± 0.55 | -1.07 ± 0.61 |
| Northern | -3.39 ± 4.39 | -3.23 ± 4.24 | -3.08 ± 1.74 |
| Tropical Land | 0.04 ± 2.00 | 0.09 ± 2.00 | 0.35 ± 0.86 |
| Tropical Ocean | 0.72 ± 0.49 | 0.75 ± 0.49 | 0.76 ± 0.34 |
| Tropical | 0.75 ± 2.06 | 0.84 ± 2.06 | 1.11 ± 0.93 |
| Southern Land | 0.14 ± 1.62 | 0.20 ± 1.61 | -0.00 ± 1.05 |
| Ocean in South | -1.56 ± 0.85 | -1.45 ± 0.81 | -1.57 ± 0.66 |
| Southern | -1.41 ± 1.83 | -1.25 ± 1.81 | -1.57 ± 1.24 |
| Americas | -0.56 ± 2.29 | -0.55 ± 2.32 | -0.47 ± 1.16 |
| Atlantic and Arctic | -0.64 ± 0.49 | -0.64 ± 0.49 | -0.61 ± 0.58 |
| Eurasia and Africa | -0.38 ± 2.36 | -0.28 ± 2.31 | -0.10 ± 1.11 |
| Indian Ocean | -0.39 ± 0.47 | -0.35 ± 0.44 | -0.53 ± 0.26 |
| Asia | -1.23 ± 3.80 | -1.08 ± 3.64 | -1.08 ± 1.35 |
| Pacific Ocean | -0.54 ± 0.76 | -0.49 ± 0.76 | -0.56 ± 0.61 |
| All Land | -2.17 ± 5.07 | -1.90 ± 4.93 | -1.65 ± 2.12 |
| All Ocean | -1.88 ± 1.17 | -1.74 ± 1.15 | -1.89 ± 1.09 |
| Global | -4.05 ± 5.20 | -3.64 ± 5.07 | -3.54 ± 2.38 |
| North America | -0.61 ± 1.12 | -0.64 ± 1.17 | -0.59 ± 0.54 |
| Extratropical Eurasia | -1.74 ± 4.18 | -1.55 ± 4.01 | -1.41 ± 1.53 |
| Temperate Northern Ocean | -0.74 ± 0.49 | -0.73 ± 0.48 | -0.79 ± 0.59 |
| Temperate Southern Ocean | -1.25 ± 0.81 | -1.19 ± 0.78 | -1.38 ± 0.63 |
| Tropical and Southern Land | 0.18 ± 2.58 | 0.28 ± 2.58 | 0.35 ± 1.35 |
| Tropical Pacific | 0.44 ± 0.42 | 0.45 ± 0.42 | 0.42 ± 0.23 |
| Temperate Oceans | -1.99 ± 0.94 | -1.92 ± 0.91 | -2.17 ± 0.81 |
| High Latitude Oceans | -0.61 ± 0.38 | -0.57 ± 0.37 | -0.47 ± 0.35 |
| Extratropical Oceans | -2.60 ± 1.03 | -2.49 ± 1.00 | -2.64 ± 0.95 |
| Tropical and Southern Oceans | -0.84 ± 1.03 | -0.70 ± 1.00 | -0.81 ± 0.85 |
| Northern Boreal Land | -1.16 ± 3.59 | -1.01 ± 3.40 | -0.91 ± 1.22 |
| Northern Temperate Land | -1.19 ± 2.41 | -1.18 ± 2.40 | -1.09 ± 1.04 |
| Tropical land minus northern land | 2.38 ± 4.80 | 2.28 ± 4.66 | 2.35 ± 1.85 |
| High North Ocean and Boreal Land | -1.45 ± 3.60 | -1.32 ± 3.42 | -1.20 ± 1.23 |
| Northern Temperate Land and Ocean | -1.93 ± 2.46 | -1.91 ± 2.45 | -1.88 ± 1.20 |
| Southern Temperate Land and Ocean | -1.10 ± 1.82 | -0.99 ± 1.80 | -1.38 ± 1.22 |
| Tropical and Southern Land and Ocean | -0.66 ± 2.78 | -0.42 ± 2.77 | -0.46 ± 1.60 |
| Tropics and south minus north | 2.73 ± 5.20 | 2.81 ± 5.06 | 2.61 ± 2.34 |
| Tropical and southern land minus northern land | 2.53 ± 5.07 | 2.47 ± 4.93 | 2.35 ± 2.12 |
Table 108: Long-term mean fossil fuel emissions used in CT2013 compared to CT2009, including average fluxes computed over common time periods..
Table 109: Long-term mean natural flux (biosphere + ocean + fire) from CT2013 compared to CT2008, including average fluxes computed over common time periods. The uncertainty listed is the one standard deviation level from the ensemble Kalman filter estimate. Units are PgC yr-1.
| 2001-2012 | 2001-2007 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Transcom region | CT2013 | CT2013 | CT2008 |
| North American Boreal | -0.17 ± 0.79 | -0.14 ± 0.77 | -0.12 ± 0.37 |
| North American Temperate | -0.44 ± 0.78 | -0.53 ± 0.93 | -0.60 ± 0.44 |
| South American Tropical | 0.01 ± 1.63 | 0.07 ± 1.59 | 0.17 ± 0.67 |
| South American Temperate | 0.04 ± 1.13 | 0.06 ± 1.19 | -0.04 ± 0.78 |
| Northern Africa | -0.09 ± 1.01 | -0.07 ± 1.04 | 0.02 ± 0.50 |
| Southern Africa | 0.08 ± 1.11 | 0.14 ± 1.01 | 0.17 ± 0.62 |
| Eurasia Boreal | -0.99 ± 3.49 | -0.82 ± 3.25 | -0.82 ± 1.17 |
| Eurasia Temperate | -0.38 ± 1.33 | -0.38 ± 1.33 | -0.35 ± 0.54 |
| Tropical Asia | 0.12 ± 0.56 | 0.15 ± 0.58 | 0.19 ± 0.21 |
| Australia | 0.02 ± 0.32 | 0.04 ± 0.32 | -0.06 ± 0.31 |
| Europe | -0.38 ± 1.81 | -0.27 ± 1.76 | -0.25 ± 0.73 |
| North Pacific Temperate | -0.44 ± 0.37 | -0.42 ± 0.36 | -0.42 ± 0.38 |
| West Pacific Tropical | 0.03 ± 0.09 | 0.04 ± 0.09 | 0.02 ± 0.01 |
| East Pacific Tropical | 0.41 ± 0.40 | 0.42 ± 0.40 | 0.41 ± 0.23 |
| South Pacific Temperate | -0.54 ± 0.52 | -0.50 ± 0.49 | -0.54 ± 0.46 |
| Northern Ocean | -0.30 ± 0.26 | -0.30 ± 0.26 | -0.28 ± 0.19 |
| North Atlantic Temperate | -0.30 ± 0.32 | -0.30 ± 0.31 | -0.38 ± 0.41 |
| Atlantic Tropical | 0.13 ± 0.14 | 0.14 ± 0.14 | 0.19 ± 0.15 |
| South Atlantic Temperate | -0.18 ± 0.21 | -0.16 ± 0.20 | -0.13 ± 0.25 |
| Southern Ocean | -0.31 ± 0.28 | -0.26 ± 0.26 | -0.18 ± 0.30 |
| Indian Tropical | 0.15 ± 0.19 | 0.16 ± 0.20 | 0.16 ± 0.12 |
| South Indian Temperate | -0.53 ± 0.43 | -0.49 ± 0.39 | -0.67 ± 0.23 |
| Not optimized | -0.00 ± 0.00 | -0.00 ± 0.00 | -0.00 ± 0.00 |
| 2001-2012 | 2001-2007 | ||
| Aggregated Transcom region | CT2013 | CT2013 | CT2008 |
| Northern Land | -2.35 ± 4.36 | -2.14 ± 4.17 | -2.14 ± 1.63 |
| Northern Oceans | -1.04 ± 0.55 | -1.02 ± 0.54 | -1.08 ± 0.60 |
| Northern | -3.39 ± 4.39 | -3.16 ± 4.21 | -3.23 ± 1.74 |
| Tropical Land | 0.04 ± 2.00 | 0.15 ± 1.99 | 0.39 ± 0.86 |
| Tropical Ocean | 0.72 ± 0.49 | 0.76 ± 0.49 | 0.78 ± 0.34 |
| Tropical | 0.75 ± 2.06 | 0.90 ± 2.05 | 1.16 ± 0.93 |
| Southern Land | 0.14 ± 1.62 | 0.24 ± 1.59 | 0.06 ± 1.04 |
| Ocean in South | -1.56 ± 0.85 | -1.41 ± 0.79 | -1.51 ± 0.65 |
| Southern | -1.41 ± 1.83 | -1.18 ± 1.78 | -1.45 ± 1.23 |
| Americas | -0.56 ± 2.29 | -0.54 ± 2.34 | -0.58 ± 1.17 |
| Atlantic and Arctic | -0.64 ± 0.49 | -0.62 ± 0.48 | -0.60 ± 0.57 |
| Eurasia and Africa | -0.38 ± 2.36 | -0.20 ± 2.28 | -0.06 ± 1.08 |
| Indian Ocean | -0.39 ± 0.47 | -0.34 ± 0.43 | -0.51 ± 0.26 |
| Asia | -1.23 ± 3.80 | -1.02 ± 3.59 | -1.05 ± 1.36 |
| Pacific Ocean | -0.54 ± 0.76 | -0.46 ± 0.75 | -0.53 ± 0.61 |
| All Land | -2.17 ± 5.07 | -1.75 ± 4.90 | -1.70 ± 2.11 |
| All Ocean | -1.88 ± 1.17 | -1.68 ± 1.13 | -1.82 ± 1.08 |
| Global | -4.05 ± 5.20 | -3.43 ± 5.03 | -3.52 ± 2.38 |
| North America | -0.61 ± 1.12 | -0.67 ± 1.22 | -0.72 ± 0.57 |
| Extratropical Eurasia | -1.74 ± 4.18 | -1.47 ± 3.97 | -1.43 ± 1.52 |
| Temperate Northern Ocean | -0.74 ± 0.49 | -0.72 ± 0.48 | -0.80 ± 0.58 |
| Temperate Southern Ocean | -1.25 ± 0.81 | -1.16 ± 0.76 | -1.34 ± 0.63 |
| Tropical and Southern Land | 0.18 ± 2.58 | 0.38 ± 2.56 | 0.45 ± 1.35 |
| Tropical Pacific | 0.44 ± 0.42 | 0.46 ± 0.42 | 0.43 ± 0.23 |
| Temperate Oceans | -1.99 ± 0.94 | -1.88 ± 0.89 | -2.14 ± 0.81 |
| High Latitude Oceans | -0.61 ± 0.38 | -0.56 ± 0.36 | -0.46 ± 0.34 |
| Extratropical Oceans | -2.60 ± 1.03 | -2.44 ± 0.97 | -2.60 ± 0.94 |
| Tropical and Southern Oceans | -0.84 ± 1.03 | -0.66 ± 0.98 | -0.74 ± 0.84 |
| Northern Boreal Land | -1.16 ± 3.59 | -0.97 ± 3.35 | -0.94 ± 1.23 |
| Northern Temperate Land | -1.19 ± 2.41 | -1.17 ± 2.43 | -1.20 ± 1.03 |
| Tropical land minus northern land | 2.38 ± 4.80 | 2.28 ± 4.63 | 2.53 ± 1.85 |
| High North Ocean and Boreal Land | -1.45 ± 3.60 | -1.27 ± 3.36 | -1.23 ± 1.24 |
| Northern Temperate Land and Ocean | -1.93 ± 2.46 | -1.89 ± 2.47 | -2.00 ± 1.18 |
| Southern Temperate Land and Ocean | -1.10 ± 1.82 | -0.92 ± 1.77 | -1.27 ± 1.21 |
| Tropical and Southern Land and Ocean | -0.66 ± 2.78 | -0.27 ± 2.74 | -0.29 ± 1.59 |
| Tropics and south minus north | 2.73 ± 5.20 | 2.89 ± 5.02 | 2.94 ± 2.34 |
| Tropical and southern land minus northern land | 2.53 ± 5.07 | 2.52 ± 4.90 | 2.59 ± 2.12 |
Table 110: Long-term mean fossil fuel emissions used in CT2013 compared to CT2008, including average fluxes computed over common time periods..
Table 111: Long-term mean natural flux (biosphere + ocean + fire) from CT2013 compared to CT2007B, including average fluxes computed over common time periods. The uncertainty listed is the one standard deviation level from the ensemble Kalman filter estimate. Units are PgC yr-1.
| 2001-2012 | 2001-2006 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Transcom region | CT2013 | CT2013 | CT2007B |
| North American Boreal | -0.17 ± 0.79 | -0.13 ± 0.79 | -0.14 ± 0.37 |
| North American Temperate | -0.44 ± 0.78 | -0.52 ± 0.96 | -0.54 ± 0.52 |
| South American Tropical | 0.01 ± 1.63 | 0.04 ± 1.60 | 0.08 ± 0.68 |
| South American Temperate | 0.04 ± 1.13 | 0.04 ± 1.21 | -0.03 ± 0.76 |
| Northern Africa | -0.09 ± 1.01 | -0.06 ± 1.04 | 0.03 ± 0.50 |
| Southern Africa | 0.08 ± 1.11 | 0.15 ± 1.00 | 0.21 ± 0.59 |
| Eurasia Boreal | -0.99 ± 3.49 | -0.81 ± 3.25 | -0.64 ± 1.10 |
| Eurasia Temperate | -0.38 ± 1.33 | -0.36 ± 1.34 | -0.32 ± 0.54 |
| Tropical Asia | 0.12 ± 0.56 | 0.16 ± 0.58 | 0.20 ± 0.20 |
| Australia | 0.02 ± 0.32 | 0.04 ± 0.31 | -0.10 ± 0.31 |
| Europe | -0.38 ± 1.81 | -0.26 ± 1.78 | -0.30 ± 0.79 |
| North Pacific Temperate | -0.44 ± 0.37 | -0.42 ± 0.36 | -0.39 ± 0.37 |
| West Pacific Tropical | 0.03 ± 0.09 | 0.04 ± 0.09 | 0.02 ± 0.02 |
| East Pacific Tropical | 0.41 ± 0.40 | 0.42 ± 0.40 | 0.38 ± 0.23 |
| South Pacific Temperate | -0.54 ± 0.52 | -0.49 ± 0.49 | -0.49 ± 0.45 |
| Northern Ocean | -0.30 ± 0.26 | -0.30 ± 0.26 | -0.27 ± 0.19 |
| North Atlantic Temperate | -0.30 ± 0.32 | -0.29 ± 0.31 | -0.40 ± 0.39 |
| Atlantic Tropical | 0.13 ± 0.14 | 0.14 ± 0.14 | 0.19 ± 0.15 |
| South Atlantic Temperate | -0.18 ± 0.21 | -0.16 ± 0.20 | -0.14 ± 0.23 |
| Southern Ocean | -0.31 ± 0.28 | -0.25 ± 0.25 | -0.22 ± 0.32 |
| Indian Tropical | 0.15 ± 0.19 | 0.16 ± 0.20 | 0.16 ± 0.13 |
| South Indian Temperate | -0.53 ± 0.43 | -0.49 ± 0.38 | -0.64 ± 0.24 |
| Not optimized | -0.00 ± 0.00 | -0.00 ± 0.00 | -0.00 ± 0.00 |
| 2001-2012 | 2001-2006 | ||
| Aggregated Transcom region | CT2013 | CT2013 | CT2007B |
| Northern Land | -2.35 ± 4.36 | -2.07 ± 4.20 | -1.94 ± 1.64 |
| Northern Oceans | -1.04 ± 0.55 | -1.01 ± 0.54 | -1.05 ± 0.58 |
| Northern | -3.39 ± 4.39 | -3.08 ± 4.24 | -3.00 ± 1.74 |
| Tropical Land | 0.04 ± 2.00 | 0.14 ± 2.00 | 0.30 ± 0.86 |
| Tropical Ocean | 0.72 ± 0.49 | 0.76 ± 0.50 | 0.74 ± 0.35 |
| Tropical | 0.75 ± 2.06 | 0.90 ± 2.06 | 1.05 ± 0.93 |
| Southern Land | 0.14 ± 1.62 | 0.23 ± 1.60 | 0.08 ± 1.01 |
| Ocean in South | -1.56 ± 0.85 | -1.39 ± 0.77 | -1.49 ± 0.66 |
| Southern | -1.41 ± 1.83 | -1.15 ± 1.78 | -1.41 ± 1.21 |
| Americas | -0.56 ± 2.29 | -0.56 ± 2.38 | -0.63 ± 1.21 |
| Atlantic and Arctic | -0.64 ± 0.49 | -0.61 ± 0.48 | -0.62 ± 0.55 |
| Eurasia and Africa | -0.38 ± 2.36 | -0.17 ± 2.29 | -0.06 ± 1.10 |
| Indian Ocean | -0.39 ± 0.47 | -0.33 ± 0.42 | -0.48 ± 0.26 |
| Asia | -1.23 ± 3.80 | -0.97 ± 3.60 | -0.87 ± 1.30 |
| Pacific Ocean | -0.54 ± 0.76 | -0.45 ± 0.75 | -0.48 ± 0.62 |
| All Land | -2.17 ± 5.07 | -1.70 ± 4.93 | -1.56 ± 2.11 |
| All Ocean | -1.88 ± 1.17 | -1.63 ± 1.12 | -1.80 ± 1.09 |
| Global | -4.05 ± 5.20 | -3.33 ± 5.05 | -3.36 ± 2.37 |
| North America | -0.61 ± 1.12 | -0.65 ± 1.26 | -0.68 ± 0.64 |
| Extratropical Eurasia | -1.74 ± 4.18 | -1.43 ± 3.98 | -1.26 ± 1.50 |
| Temperate Northern Ocean | -0.74 ± 0.49 | -0.71 ± 0.47 | -0.78 ± 0.56 |
| Temperate Southern Ocean | -1.25 ± 0.81 | -1.14 ± 0.74 | -1.27 ± 0.63 |
| Tropical and Southern Land | 0.18 ± 2.58 | 0.37 ± 2.57 | 0.38 ± 1.33 |
| Tropical Pacific | 0.44 ± 0.42 | 0.46 ± 0.42 | 0.40 ± 0.24 |
| Temperate Oceans | -1.99 ± 0.94 | -1.85 ± 0.88 | -2.05 ± 0.79 |
| High Latitude Oceans | -0.61 ± 0.38 | -0.54 ± 0.36 | -0.50 ± 0.36 |
| Extratropical Oceans | -2.60 ± 1.03 | -2.39 ± 0.96 | -2.55 ± 0.93 |
| Tropical and Southern Oceans | -0.84 ± 1.03 | -0.63 ± 0.97 | -0.75 ± 0.87 |
| Northern Boreal Land | -1.16 ± 3.59 | -0.94 ± 3.36 | -0.78 ± 1.17 |
| Northern Temperate Land | -1.19 ± 2.41 | -1.13 ± 2.46 | -1.16 ± 1.10 |
| Tropical land minus northern land | 2.38 ± 4.80 | 2.21 ± 4.66 | 2.25 ± 1.86 |
| High North Ocean and Boreal Land | -1.45 ± 3.60 | -1.23 ± 3.37 | -1.05 ± 1.18 |
| Northern Temperate Land and Ocean | -1.93 ± 2.46 | -1.85 ± 2.51 | -1.94 ± 1.24 |
| Southern Temperate Land and Ocean | -1.10 ± 1.82 | -0.91 ± 1.76 | -1.19 ± 1.20 |
| Tropical and Southern Land and Ocean | -0.66 ± 2.78 | -0.25 ± 2.75 | -0.37 ± 1.59 |
| Tropics and south minus north | 2.73 ± 5.20 | 2.83 ± 5.05 | 2.63 ± 2.34 |
| Tropical and southern land minus northern land | 2.53 ± 5.07 | 2.44 ± 4.93 | 2.33 ± 2.12 |
Table 112: Long-term mean fossil fuel emissions used in CT2013 compared to CT2007B, including average fluxes computed over common time periods..
Table 113: Long-term mean natural flux (biosphere + ocean + fire) from CT2011_oi compared to CT2010, including average fluxes computed over common time periods. The uncertainty listed is the one standard deviation level from the ensemble Kalman filter estimate. Units are PgC yr-1.
| 2001-2010 | 2001-2009 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Transcom region | CT2011_oi | CT2011_oi | CT2010 |
| North American Boreal | -0.13 ± 0.91 | -0.13 ± 0.91 | -0.11 ± 0.35 |
| North American Temperate | -0.45 ± 0.87 | -0.47 ± 0.90 | -0.49 ± 0.39 |
| South American Tropical | 0.18 ± 1.53 | 0.17 ± 1.50 | 0.13 ± 0.67 |
| South American Temperate | 0.09 ± 1.18 | 0.10 ± 1.18 | -0.03 ± 0.78 |
| Northern Africa | -0.05 ± 0.99 | -0.06 ± 0.99 | 0.02 ± 0.50 |
| Southern Africa | 0.13 ± 1.02 | 0.12 ± 1.03 | 0.10 ± 0.62 |
| Eurasia Boreal | -0.96 ± 3.40 | -0.94 ± 3.38 | -0.83 ± 1.16 |
| Eurasia Temperate | -0.37 ± 1.35 | -0.39 ± 1.34 | -0.35 ± 0.54 |
| Tropical Asia | 0.16 ± 0.55 | 0.15 ± 0.55 | 0.15 ± 0.20 |
| Australia | -0.02 ± 0.46 | -0.02 ± 0.46 | -0.09 ± 0.31 |
| Europe | -0.35 ± 1.82 | -0.35 ± 1.83 | -0.28 ± 0.75 |
| North Pacific Temperate | -0.40 ± 0.40 | -0.40 ± 0.39 | -0.40 ± 0.38 |
| West Pacific Tropical | 0.02 ± 0.09 | 0.02 ± 0.09 | 0.02 ± 0.01 |
| East Pacific Tropical | 0.35 ± 0.35 | 0.35 ± 0.35 | 0.39 ± 0.23 |
| South Pacific Temperate | -0.58 ± 0.57 | -0.58 ± 0.57 | -0.57 ± 0.46 |
| Northern Ocean | -0.24 ± 0.23 | -0.24 ± 0.23 | -0.29 ± 0.19 |
| North Atlantic Temperate | -0.39 ± 0.39 | -0.38 ± 0.38 | -0.37 ± 0.41 |
| Atlantic Tropical | 0.18 ± 0.16 | 0.18 ± 0.17 | 0.19 ± 0.15 |
| South Atlantic Temperate | -0.17 ± 0.21 | -0.16 ± 0.21 | -0.14 ± 0.25 |
| Southern Ocean | -0.27 ± 0.26 | -0.26 ± 0.25 | -0.19 ± 0.32 |
| Indian Tropical | 0.18 ± 0.22 | 0.18 ± 0.22 | 0.16 ± 0.12 |
| South Indian Temperate | -0.67 ± 0.45 | -0.66 ± 0.43 | -0.69 ± 0.24 |
| Not optimized | -0.00 ± 0.00 | -0.00 ± 0.00 | -0.00 ± 0.00 |
| 2001-2010 | 2001-2009 | ||
| Aggregated Transcom region | CT2011_oi | CT2011_oi | CT2010 |
| Northern Land | -2.27 ± 4.33 | -2.28 ± 4.32 | -2.06 ± 1.62 |
| Northern Oceans | -1.02 ± 0.61 | -1.02 ± 0.60 | -1.07 ± 0.61 |
| Northern | -3.30 ± 4.37 | -3.30 ± 4.36 | -3.13 ± 1.73 |
| Tropical Land | 0.29 ± 1.90 | 0.26 ± 1.88 | 0.30 ± 0.85 |
| Tropical Ocean | 0.72 ± 0.51 | 0.73 ± 0.51 | 0.75 ± 0.34 |
| Tropical | 1.01 ± 1.97 | 0.98 ± 1.95 | 1.06 ± 0.92 |
| Southern Land | 0.20 ± 1.63 | 0.19 ± 1.63 | -0.02 ± 1.04 |
| Ocean in South | -1.69 ± 0.90 | -1.65 ± 0.87 | -1.58 ± 0.66 |
| Southern | -1.49 ± 1.87 | -1.46 ± 1.86 | -1.60 ± 1.23 |
| Americas | -0.32 ± 2.32 | -0.34 ± 2.31 | -0.50 ± 1.15 |
| Atlantic and Arctic | -0.61 ± 0.55 | -0.60 ± 0.54 | -0.62 ± 0.58 |
| Eurasia and Africa | -0.28 ± 2.31 | -0.30 ± 2.32 | -0.16 ± 1.09 |
| Indian Ocean | -0.50 ± 0.49 | -0.48 ± 0.47 | -0.53 ± 0.26 |
| Asia | -1.19 ± 3.73 | -1.20 ± 3.71 | -1.11 ± 1.34 |
| Pacific Ocean | -0.62 ± 0.76 | -0.60 ± 0.76 | -0.56 ± 0.61 |
| All Land | -1.79 ± 5.00 | -1.83 ± 4.99 | -1.78 ± 2.10 |
| All Ocean | -2.00 ± 1.23 | -1.94 ± 1.21 | -1.89 ± 1.09 |
| Global | -3.78 ± 5.15 | -3.77 ± 5.13 | -3.67 ± 2.37 |
| North America | -0.59 ± 1.27 | -0.60 ± 1.29 | -0.60 ± 0.52 |
| Extratropical Eurasia | -1.69 ± 4.12 | -1.68 ± 4.10 | -1.46 ± 1.52 |
| Temperate Northern Ocean | -0.79 ± 0.57 | -0.78 ± 0.56 | -0.77 ± 0.59 |
| Temperate Southern Ocean | -1.42 ± 0.86 | -1.40 ± 0.84 | -1.39 ± 0.63 |
| Tropical and Southern Land | 0.48 ± 2.50 | 0.45 ± 2.48 | 0.28 ± 1.34 |
| Tropical Pacific | 0.37 ± 0.37 | 0.37 ± 0.37 | 0.41 ± 0.23 |
| Temperate Oceans | -2.21 ± 1.02 | -2.17 ± 1.00 | -2.17 ± 0.81 |
| High Latitude Oceans | -0.51 ± 0.33 | -0.50 ± 0.32 | -0.48 ± 0.35 |
| Extratropical Oceans | -2.72 ± 1.14 | -2.67 ± 1.11 | -2.65 ± 0.96 |
| Tropical and Southern Oceans | -0.97 ± 1.03 | -0.92 ± 1.01 | -0.83 ± 0.85 |
| Northern Boreal Land | -1.09 ± 3.52 | -1.07 ± 3.50 | -0.94 ± 1.21 |
| Northern Temperate Land | -1.18 ± 2.46 | -1.21 ± 2.47 | -1.12 ± 1.02 |
| Tropical land minus northern land | 2.56 ± 4.74 | 2.53 ± 4.72 | 2.36 ± 1.83 |
| High North Ocean and Boreal Land | -1.33 ± 3.53 | -1.31 ± 3.51 | -1.23 ± 1.23 |
| Northern Temperate Land and Ocean | -1.96 ± 2.53 | -1.99 ± 2.54 | -1.89 ± 1.18 |
| Southern Temperate Land and Ocean | -1.22 ± 1.85 | -1.21 ± 1.84 | -1.41 ± 1.21 |
| Tropical and Southern Land and Ocean | -0.49 ± 2.71 | -0.48 ± 2.68 | -0.54 ± 1.58 |
| Tropics and south minus north | 2.81 ± 5.14 | 2.82 ± 5.12 | 2.59 ± 2.33 |
| Tropical and southern land minus northern land | 2.76 ± 5.01 | 2.72 ± 4.99 | 2.35 ± 2.10 |
Table 114: Long-term mean fossil fuel emissions used in CT2011_oi compared to CT2010, including average fluxes computed over common time periods..
Table 115: Long-term mean natural flux (biosphere + ocean + fire) from CT2011_oi compared to CT2009, including average fluxes computed over common time periods. The uncertainty listed is the one standard deviation level from the ensemble Kalman filter estimate. Units are PgC yr-1.
| 2001-2010 | 2001-2008 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Transcom region | CT2011_oi | CT2011_oi | CT2009 |
| North American Boreal | -0.13 ± 0.91 | -0.10 ± 0.88 | -0.11 ± 0.36 |
| North American Temperate | -0.45 ± 0.87 | -0.47 ± 0.94 | -0.49 ± 0.41 |
| South American Tropical | 0.18 ± 1.53 | 0.18 ± 1.50 | 0.15 ± 0.68 |
| South American Temperate | 0.09 ± 1.18 | 0.09 ± 1.19 | -0.03 ± 0.78 |
| Northern Africa | -0.05 ± 0.99 | -0.05 ± 1.00 | 0.03 ± 0.50 |
| Southern Africa | 0.13 ± 1.02 | 0.14 ± 0.98 | 0.12 ± 0.63 |
| Eurasia Boreal | -0.96 ± 3.40 | -0.93 ± 3.36 | -0.80 ± 1.16 |
| Eurasia Temperate | -0.37 ± 1.35 | -0.37 ± 1.32 | -0.35 ± 0.54 |
| Tropical Asia | 0.16 ± 0.55 | 0.16 ± 0.56 | 0.16 ± 0.20 |
| Australia | -0.02 ± 0.46 | -0.02 ± 0.46 | -0.09 ± 0.32 |
| Europe | -0.35 ± 1.82 | -0.34 ± 1.83 | -0.25 ± 0.76 |
| North Pacific Temperate | -0.40 ± 0.40 | -0.40 ± 0.40 | -0.41 ± 0.38 |
| West Pacific Tropical | 0.02 ± 0.09 | 0.02 ± 0.09 | 0.02 ± 0.01 |
| East Pacific Tropical | 0.35 ± 0.35 | 0.36 ± 0.35 | 0.40 ± 0.23 |
| South Pacific Temperate | -0.58 ± 0.57 | -0.56 ± 0.55 | -0.56 ± 0.46 |
| Northern Ocean | -0.24 ± 0.23 | -0.24 ± 0.23 | -0.29 ± 0.19 |
| North Atlantic Temperate | -0.39 ± 0.39 | -0.38 ± 0.38 | -0.37 ± 0.41 |
| Atlantic Tropical | 0.18 ± 0.16 | 0.18 ± 0.16 | 0.19 ± 0.15 |
| South Atlantic Temperate | -0.17 ± 0.21 | -0.16 ± 0.20 | -0.14 ± 0.25 |
| Southern Ocean | -0.27 ± 0.26 | -0.25 ± 0.25 | -0.19 ± 0.31 |
| Indian Tropical | 0.18 ± 0.22 | 0.18 ± 0.22 | 0.16 ± 0.12 |
| South Indian Temperate | -0.67 ± 0.45 | -0.65 ± 0.42 | -0.68 ± 0.24 |
| Not optimized | -0.00 ± 0.00 | -0.00 ± 0.00 | -0.00 ± 0.00 |
| 2001-2010 | 2001-2008 | ||
| Aggregated Transcom region | CT2011_oi | CT2011_oi | CT2009 |
| Northern Land | -2.27 ± 4.33 | -2.21 ± 4.31 | -2.00 ± 1.63 |
| Northern Oceans | -1.02 ± 0.61 | -1.02 ± 0.60 | -1.07 ± 0.61 |
| Northern | -3.30 ± 4.37 | -3.23 ± 4.35 | -3.08 ± 1.74 |
| Tropical Land | 0.29 ± 1.90 | 0.28 ± 1.89 | 0.35 ± 0.86 |
| Tropical Ocean | 0.72 ± 0.51 | 0.74 ± 0.51 | 0.76 ± 0.34 |
| Tropical | 1.01 ± 1.97 | 1.02 ± 1.96 | 1.11 ± 0.93 |
| Southern Land | 0.20 ± 1.63 | 0.21 ± 1.61 | -0.00 ± 1.05 |
| Ocean in South | -1.69 ± 0.90 | -1.62 ± 0.86 | -1.57 ± 0.66 |
| Southern | -1.49 ± 1.87 | -1.41 ± 1.83 | -1.57 ± 1.24 |
| Americas | -0.32 ± 2.32 | -0.30 ± 2.33 | -0.47 ± 1.16 |
| Atlantic and Arctic | -0.61 ± 0.55 | -0.60 ± 0.53 | -0.61 ± 0.58 |
| Eurasia and Africa | -0.28 ± 2.31 | -0.25 ± 2.31 | -0.10 ± 1.11 |
| Indian Ocean | -0.50 ± 0.49 | -0.47 ± 0.47 | -0.53 ± 0.26 |
| Asia | -1.19 ± 3.73 | -1.16 ± 3.70 | -1.08 ± 1.35 |
| Pacific Ocean | -0.62 ± 0.76 | -0.59 ± 0.75 | -0.56 ± 0.61 |
| All Land | -1.79 ± 5.00 | -1.71 ± 4.98 | -1.65 ± 2.12 |
| All Ocean | -2.00 ± 1.23 | -1.91 ± 1.20 | -1.89 ± 1.09 |
| Global | -3.78 ± 5.15 | -3.62 ± 5.12 | -3.54 ± 2.38 |
| North America | -0.59 ± 1.27 | -0.57 ± 1.30 | -0.59 ± 0.54 |
| Extratropical Eurasia | -1.69 ± 4.12 | -1.64 ± 4.09 | -1.41 ± 1.53 |
| Temperate Northern Ocean | -0.79 ± 0.57 | -0.78 ± 0.56 | -0.79 ± 0.59 |
| Temperate Southern Ocean | -1.42 ± 0.86 | -1.37 ± 0.82 | -1.38 ± 0.63 |
| Tropical and Southern Land | 0.48 ± 2.50 | 0.50 ± 2.48 | 0.35 ± 1.35 |
| Tropical Pacific | 0.37 ± 0.37 | 0.38 ± 0.37 | 0.42 ± 0.23 |
| Temperate Oceans | -2.21 ± 1.02 | -2.15 ± 0.99 | -2.17 ± 0.81 |
| High Latitude Oceans | -0.51 ± 0.33 | -0.49 ± 0.32 | -0.47 ± 0.35 |
| Extratropical Oceans | -2.72 ± 1.14 | -2.64 ± 1.11 | -2.64 ± 0.95 |
| Tropical and Southern Oceans | -0.97 ± 1.03 | -0.88 ± 0.99 | -0.81 ± 0.85 |
| Northern Boreal Land | -1.09 ± 3.52 | -1.03 ± 3.48 | -0.91 ± 1.22 |
| Northern Temperate Land | -1.18 ± 2.46 | -1.17 ± 2.48 | -1.09 ± 1.04 |
| Tropical land minus northern land | 2.56 ± 4.74 | 2.49 ± 4.72 | 2.35 ± 1.85 |
| High North Ocean and Boreal Land | -1.33 ± 3.53 | -1.28 ± 3.49 | -1.20 ± 1.23 |
| Northern Temperate Land and Ocean | -1.96 ± 2.53 | -1.95 ± 2.55 | -1.88 ± 1.20 |
| Southern Temperate Land and Ocean | -1.22 ± 1.85 | -1.16 ± 1.81 | -1.38 ± 1.22 |
| Tropical and Southern Land and Ocean | -0.49 ± 2.71 | -0.39 ± 2.67 | -0.46 ± 1.60 |
| Tropics and south minus north | 2.81 ± 5.14 | 2.84 ± 5.11 | 2.61 ± 2.34 |
| Tropical and southern land minus northern land | 2.76 ± 5.01 | 2.71 ± 4.98 | 2.35 ± 2.12 |
Table 116: Long-term mean fossil fuel emissions used in CT2011_oi compared to CT2009, including average fluxes computed over common time periods..
Table 117: Long-term mean natural flux (biosphere + ocean + fire) from CT2011_oi compared to CT2008, including average fluxes computed over common time periods. The uncertainty listed is the one standard deviation level from the ensemble Kalman filter estimate. Units are PgC yr-1.
| 2001-2010 | 2001-2007 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Transcom region | CT2011_oi | CT2011_oi | CT2008 |
| North American Boreal | -0.13 ± 0.91 | -0.08 ± 0.90 | -0.12 ± 0.37 |
| North American Temperate | -0.45 ± 0.87 | -0.50 ± 0.99 | -0.60 ± 0.44 |
| South American Tropical | 0.18 ± 1.53 | 0.21 ± 1.50 | 0.17 ± 0.67 |
| South American Temperate | 0.09 ± 1.18 | 0.08 ± 1.21 | -0.04 ± 0.78 |
| Northern Africa | -0.05 ± 0.99 | -0.05 ± 1.00 | 0.02 ± 0.50 |
| Southern Africa | 0.13 ± 1.02 | 0.20 ± 0.92 | 0.17 ± 0.62 |
| Eurasia Boreal | -0.96 ± 3.40 | -0.90 ± 3.31 | -0.82 ± 1.17 |
| Eurasia Temperate | -0.37 ± 1.35 | -0.37 ± 1.36 | -0.35 ± 0.54 |
| Tropical Asia | 0.16 ± 0.55 | 0.18 ± 0.56 | 0.19 ± 0.21 |
| Australia | -0.02 ± 0.46 | -0.02 ± 0.46 | -0.06 ± 0.31 |
| Europe | -0.35 ± 1.82 | -0.30 ± 1.84 | -0.25 ± 0.73 |
| North Pacific Temperate | -0.40 ± 0.40 | -0.40 ± 0.40 | -0.42 ± 0.38 |
| West Pacific Tropical | 0.02 ± 0.09 | 0.02 ± 0.10 | 0.02 ± 0.01 |
| East Pacific Tropical | 0.35 ± 0.35 | 0.35 ± 0.35 | 0.41 ± 0.23 |
| South Pacific Temperate | -0.58 ± 0.57 | -0.54 ± 0.53 | -0.54 ± 0.46 |
| Northern Ocean | -0.24 ± 0.23 | -0.24 ± 0.22 | -0.28 ± 0.19 |
| North Atlantic Temperate | -0.39 ± 0.39 | -0.36 ± 0.37 | -0.38 ± 0.41 |
| Atlantic Tropical | 0.18 ± 0.16 | 0.18 ± 0.17 | 0.19 ± 0.15 |
| South Atlantic Temperate | -0.17 ± 0.21 | -0.15 ± 0.20 | -0.13 ± 0.25 |
| Southern Ocean | -0.27 ± 0.26 | -0.25 ± 0.25 | -0.18 ± 0.30 |
| Indian Tropical | 0.18 ± 0.22 | 0.18 ± 0.22 | 0.16 ± 0.12 |
| South Indian Temperate | -0.67 ± 0.45 | -0.64 ± 0.42 | -0.67 ± 0.23 |
| Not optimized | -0.00 ± 0.00 | -0.00 ± 0.00 | -0.00 ± 0.00 |
| 2001-2010 | 2001-2007 | ||
| Aggregated Transcom region | CT2011_oi | CT2011_oi | CT2008 |
| Northern Land | -2.27 ± 4.33 | -2.16 ± 4.30 | -2.14 ± 1.63 |
| Northern Oceans | -1.02 ± 0.61 | -1.00 ± 0.59 | -1.08 ± 0.60 |
| Northern | -3.30 ± 4.37 | -3.16 ± 4.34 | -3.23 ± 1.74 |
| Tropical Land | 0.29 ± 1.90 | 0.35 ± 1.88 | 0.39 ± 0.86 |
| Tropical Ocean | 0.72 ± 0.51 | 0.74 ± 0.51 | 0.78 ± 0.34 |
| Tropical | 1.01 ± 1.97 | 1.09 ± 1.95 | 1.16 ± 0.93 |
| Southern Land | 0.20 ± 1.63 | 0.26 ± 1.59 | 0.06 ± 1.04 |
| Ocean in South | -1.69 ± 0.90 | -1.58 ± 0.82 | -1.51 ± 0.65 |
| Southern | -1.49 ± 1.87 | -1.32 ± 1.79 | -1.45 ± 1.23 |
| Americas | -0.32 ± 2.32 | -0.29 ± 2.36 | -0.58 ± 1.17 |
| Atlantic and Arctic | -0.61 ± 0.55 | -0.57 ± 0.52 | -0.60 ± 0.57 |
| Eurasia and Africa | -0.28 ± 2.31 | -0.15 ± 2.28 | -0.06 ± 1.08 |
| Indian Ocean | -0.50 ± 0.49 | -0.46 ± 0.46 | -0.51 ± 0.26 |
| Asia | -1.19 ± 3.73 | -1.11 ± 3.66 | -1.05 ± 1.36 |
| Pacific Ocean | -0.62 ± 0.76 | -0.56 ± 0.73 | -0.53 ± 0.61 |
| All Land | -1.79 ± 5.00 | -1.55 ± 4.96 | -1.70 ± 2.11 |
| All Ocean | -2.00 ± 1.23 | -1.84 ± 1.16 | -1.82 ± 1.08 |
| Global | -3.78 ± 5.15 | -3.39 ± 5.09 | -3.52 ± 2.38 |
| North America | -0.59 ± 1.27 | -0.58 ± 1.34 | -0.72 ± 0.57 |
| Extratropical Eurasia | -1.69 ± 4.12 | -1.58 ± 4.07 | -1.43 ± 1.52 |
| Temperate Northern Ocean | -0.79 ± 0.57 | -0.76 ± 0.56 | -0.80 ± 0.58 |
| Temperate Southern Ocean | -1.42 ± 0.86 | -1.33 ± 0.78 | -1.34 ± 0.63 |
| Tropical and Southern Land | 0.48 ± 2.50 | 0.61 ± 2.46 | 0.45 ± 1.35 |
| Tropical Pacific | 0.37 ± 0.37 | 0.37 ± 0.37 | 0.43 ± 0.23 |
| Temperate Oceans | -2.21 ± 1.02 | -2.09 ± 0.96 | -2.14 ± 0.81 |
| High Latitude Oceans | -0.51 ± 0.33 | -0.49 ± 0.31 | -0.46 ± 0.34 |
| Extratropical Oceans | -2.72 ± 1.14 | -2.58 ± 1.07 | -2.60 ± 0.94 |
| Tropical and Southern Oceans | -0.97 ± 1.03 | -0.84 ± 0.95 | -0.74 ± 0.84 |
| Northern Boreal Land | -1.09 ± 3.52 | -0.99 ± 3.43 | -0.94 ± 1.23 |
| Northern Temperate Land | -1.18 ± 2.46 | -1.17 ± 2.52 | -1.20 ± 1.03 |
| Tropical land minus northern land | 2.56 ± 4.74 | 2.51 ± 4.70 | 2.53 ± 1.85 |
| High North Ocean and Boreal Land | -1.33 ± 3.53 | -1.22 ± 3.44 | -1.23 ± 1.24 |
| Northern Temperate Land and Ocean | -1.96 ± 2.53 | -1.94 ± 2.58 | -2.00 ± 1.18 |
| Southern Temperate Land and Ocean | -1.22 ± 1.85 | -1.07 ± 1.78 | -1.27 ± 1.21 |
| Tropical and Southern Land and Ocean | -0.49 ± 2.71 | -0.23 ± 2.64 | -0.29 ± 1.59 |
| Tropics and south minus north | 2.81 ± 5.14 | 2.93 ± 5.08 | 2.94 ± 2.34 |
| Tropical and southern land minus northern land | 2.76 ± 5.01 | 2.77 ± 4.96 | 2.59 ± 2.12 |
Table 118: Long-term mean fossil fuel emissions used in CT2011_oi compared to CT2008, including average fluxes computed over common time periods..
Table 119: Long-term mean natural flux (biosphere + ocean + fire) from CT2011_oi compared to CT2007B, including average fluxes computed over common time periods. The uncertainty listed is the one standard deviation level from the ensemble Kalman filter estimate. Units are PgC yr-1.
| 2001-2010 | 2001-2006 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Transcom region | CT2011_oi | CT2011_oi | CT2007B |
| North American Boreal | -0.13 ± 0.91 | -0.08 ± 0.93 | -0.14 ± 0.37 |
| North American Temperate | -0.45 ± 0.87 | -0.49 ± 1.03 | -0.54 ± 0.52 |
| South American Tropical | 0.18 ± 1.53 | 0.17 ± 1.53 | 0.08 ± 0.68 |
| South American Temperate | 0.09 ± 1.18 | 0.07 ± 1.24 | -0.03 ± 0.76 |
| Northern Africa | -0.05 ± 0.99 | -0.04 ± 1.01 | 0.03 ± 0.50 |
| Southern Africa | 0.13 ± 1.02 | 0.22 ± 0.93 | 0.21 ± 0.59 |
| Eurasia Boreal | -0.96 ± 3.40 | -0.90 ± 3.30 | -0.64 ± 1.10 |
| Eurasia Temperate | -0.37 ± 1.35 | -0.35 ± 1.40 | -0.32 ± 0.54 |
| Tropical Asia | 0.16 ± 0.55 | 0.19 ± 0.56 | 0.20 ± 0.20 |
| Australia | -0.02 ± 0.46 | -0.03 ± 0.46 | -0.10 ± 0.31 |
| Europe | -0.35 ± 1.82 | -0.26 ± 1.86 | -0.30 ± 0.79 |
| North Pacific Temperate | -0.40 ± 0.40 | -0.41 ± 0.41 | -0.39 ± 0.37 |
| West Pacific Tropical | 0.02 ± 0.09 | 0.02 ± 0.10 | 0.02 ± 0.02 |
| East Pacific Tropical | 0.35 ± 0.35 | 0.36 ± 0.35 | 0.38 ± 0.23 |
| South Pacific Temperate | -0.58 ± 0.57 | -0.52 ± 0.51 | -0.49 ± 0.45 |
| Northern Ocean | -0.24 ± 0.23 | -0.24 ± 0.22 | -0.27 ± 0.19 |
| North Atlantic Temperate | -0.39 ± 0.39 | -0.36 ± 0.36 | -0.40 ± 0.39 |
| Atlantic Tropical | 0.18 ± 0.16 | 0.18 ± 0.17 | 0.19 ± 0.15 |
| South Atlantic Temperate | -0.17 ± 0.21 | -0.15 ± 0.20 | -0.14 ± 0.23 |
| Southern Ocean | -0.27 ± 0.26 | -0.25 ± 0.25 | -0.22 ± 0.32 |
| Indian Tropical | 0.18 ± 0.22 | 0.18 ± 0.22 | 0.16 ± 0.13 |
| South Indian Temperate | -0.67 ± 0.45 | -0.63 ± 0.40 | -0.64 ± 0.24 |
| Not optimized | -0.00 ± 0.00 | -0.00 ± 0.00 | -0.00 ± 0.00 |
| 2001-2010 | 2001-2006 | ||
| Aggregated Transcom region | CT2011_oi | CT2011_oi | CT2007B |
| Northern Land | -2.27 ± 4.33 | -2.08 ± 4.34 | -1.94 ± 1.64 |
| Northern Oceans | -1.02 ± 0.61 | -1.00 ± 0.60 | -1.05 ± 0.58 |
| Northern | -3.30 ± 4.37 | -3.08 ± 4.38 | -3.00 ± 1.74 |
| Tropical Land | 0.29 ± 1.90 | 0.32 ± 1.91 | 0.30 ± 0.86 |
| Tropical Ocean | 0.72 ± 0.51 | 0.74 ± 0.51 | 0.74 ± 0.35 |
| Tropical | 1.01 ± 1.97 | 1.06 ± 1.98 | 1.05 ± 0.93 |
| Southern Land | 0.20 ± 1.63 | 0.26 ± 1.61 | 0.08 ± 1.01 |
| Ocean in South | -1.69 ± 0.90 | -1.55 ± 0.80 | -1.49 ± 0.66 |
| Southern | -1.49 ± 1.87 | -1.29 ± 1.80 | -1.41 ± 1.21 |
| Americas | -0.32 ± 2.32 | -0.34 ± 2.43 | -0.63 ± 1.21 |
| Atlantic and Arctic | -0.61 ± 0.55 | -0.57 ± 0.52 | -0.62 ± 0.55 |
| Eurasia and Africa | -0.28 ± 2.31 | -0.08 ± 2.31 | -0.06 ± 1.10 |
| Indian Ocean | -0.50 ± 0.49 | -0.45 ± 0.45 | -0.48 ± 0.26 |
| Asia | -1.19 ± 3.73 | -1.09 ± 3.67 | -0.87 ± 1.30 |
| Pacific Ocean | -0.62 ± 0.76 | -0.55 ± 0.73 | -0.48 ± 0.62 |
| All Land | -1.79 ± 5.00 | -1.50 ± 5.01 | -1.56 ± 2.11 |
| All Ocean | -2.00 ± 1.23 | -1.81 ± 1.15 | -1.80 ± 1.09 |
| Global | -3.78 ± 5.15 | -3.31 ± 5.14 | -3.36 ± 2.37 |
| North America | -0.59 ± 1.27 | -0.57 ± 1.39 | -0.68 ± 0.64 |
| Extratropical Eurasia | -1.69 ± 4.12 | -1.51 ± 4.09 | -1.26 ± 1.50 |
| Temperate Northern Ocean | -0.79 ± 0.57 | -0.76 ± 0.56 | -0.78 ± 0.56 |
| Temperate Southern Ocean | -1.42 ± 0.86 | -1.30 ± 0.76 | -1.27 ± 0.63 |
| Tropical and Southern Land | 0.48 ± 2.50 | 0.57 ± 2.50 | 0.38 ± 1.33 |
| Tropical Pacific | 0.37 ± 0.37 | 0.38 ± 0.37 | 0.40 ± 0.24 |
| Temperate Oceans | -2.21 ± 1.02 | -2.06 ± 0.94 | -2.05 ± 0.79 |
| High Latitude Oceans | -0.51 ± 0.33 | -0.48 ± 0.31 | -0.50 ± 0.36 |
| Extratropical Oceans | -2.72 ± 1.14 | -2.55 ± 1.06 | -2.55 ± 0.93 |
| Tropical and Southern Oceans | -0.97 ± 1.03 | -0.81 ± 0.94 | -0.75 ± 0.87 |
| Northern Boreal Land | -1.09 ± 3.52 | -0.98 ± 3.43 | -0.78 ± 1.17 |
| Northern Temperate Land | -1.18 ± 2.46 | -1.10 ± 2.58 | -1.16 ± 1.10 |
| Tropical land minus northern land | 2.56 ± 4.74 | 2.40 ± 4.75 | 2.25 ± 1.86 |
| High North Ocean and Boreal Land | -1.33 ± 3.53 | -1.22 ± 3.44 | -1.05 ± 1.18 |
| Northern Temperate Land and Ocean | -1.96 ± 2.53 | -1.86 ± 2.64 | -1.94 ± 1.24 |
| Southern Temperate Land and Ocean | -1.22 ± 1.85 | -1.05 ± 1.79 | -1.19 ± 1.20 |
| Tropical and Southern Land and Ocean | -0.49 ± 2.71 | -0.23 ± 2.67 | -0.37 ± 1.59 |
| Tropics and south minus north | 2.81 ± 5.14 | 2.84 ± 5.13 | 2.63 ± 2.34 |
| Tropical and southern land minus northern land | 2.76 ± 5.01 | 2.65 ± 5.01 | 2.33 ± 2.12 |
Table 120: Long-term mean fossil fuel emissions used in CT2011_oi compared to CT2007B, including average fluxes computed over common time periods..
Table 121: Long-term mean natural flux (biosphere + ocean + fire) from CT2010 compared to CT2009, including average fluxes computed over common time periods. The uncertainty listed is the one standard deviation level from the ensemble Kalman filter estimate. Units are PgC yr-1.
| 2001-2009 | 2001-2008 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Transcom region | CT2010 | CT2010 | CT2009 |
| North American Boreal | -0.11 ± 0.35 | -0.11 ± 0.36 | -0.11 ± 0.36 |
| North American Temperate | -0.49 ± 0.39 | -0.46 ± 0.41 | -0.49 ± 0.41 |
| South American Tropical | 0.13 ± 0.67 | 0.16 ± 0.68 | 0.15 ± 0.68 |
| South American Temperate | -0.03 ± 0.78 | -0.04 ± 0.78 | -0.03 ± 0.78 |
| Northern Africa | 0.02 ± 0.50 | 0.04 ± 0.50 | 0.03 ± 0.50 |
| Southern Africa | 0.10 ± 0.62 | 0.12 ± 0.63 | 0.12 ± 0.63 |
| Eurasia Boreal | -0.83 ± 1.16 | -0.79 ± 1.16 | -0.80 ± 1.16 |
| Eurasia Temperate | -0.35 ± 0.54 | -0.35 ± 0.54 | -0.35 ± 0.54 |
| Tropical Asia | 0.15 ± 0.20 | 0.16 ± 0.20 | 0.16 ± 0.20 |
| Australia | -0.09 ± 0.31 | -0.09 ± 0.32 | -0.09 ± 0.32 |
| Europe | -0.28 ± 0.75 | -0.28 ± 0.76 | -0.25 ± 0.76 |
| North Pacific Temperate | -0.40 ± 0.38 | -0.41 ± 0.38 | -0.41 ± 0.38 |
| West Pacific Tropical | 0.02 ± 0.01 | 0.02 ± 0.01 | 0.02 ± 0.01 |
| East Pacific Tropical | 0.39 ± 0.23 | 0.40 ± 0.23 | 0.40 ± 0.23 |
| South Pacific Temperate | -0.57 ± 0.46 | -0.56 ± 0.46 | -0.56 ± 0.46 |
| Northern Ocean | -0.29 ± 0.19 | -0.29 ± 0.19 | -0.29 ± 0.19 |
| North Atlantic Temperate | -0.37 ± 0.41 | -0.37 ± 0.41 | -0.37 ± 0.41 |
| Atlantic Tropical | 0.19 ± 0.15 | 0.19 ± 0.15 | 0.19 ± 0.15 |
| South Atlantic Temperate | -0.14 ± 0.25 | -0.14 ± 0.25 | -0.14 ± 0.25 |
| Southern Ocean | -0.19 ± 0.32 | -0.18 ± 0.31 | -0.19 ± 0.31 |
| Indian Tropical | 0.16 ± 0.12 | 0.16 ± 0.12 | 0.16 ± 0.12 |
| South Indian Temperate | -0.69 ± 0.24 | -0.68 ± 0.24 | -0.68 ± 0.24 |
| Not optimized | -0.00 ± 0.00 | -0.00 ± 0.00 | -0.00 ± 0.00 |
| 2001-2009 | 2001-2008 | ||
| Aggregated Transcom region | CT2010 | CT2010 | CT2009 |
| Northern Land | -2.06 ± 1.62 | -1.99 ± 1.62 | -2.00 ± 1.63 |
| Northern Oceans | -1.07 ± 0.61 | -1.07 ± 0.61 | -1.07 ± 0.61 |
| Northern | -3.13 ± 1.73 | -3.06 ± 1.73 | -3.08 ± 1.74 |
| Tropical Land | 0.30 ± 0.85 | 0.36 ± 0.86 | 0.35 ± 0.86 |
| Tropical Ocean | 0.75 ± 0.34 | 0.76 ± 0.34 | 0.76 ± 0.34 |
| Tropical | 1.06 ± 0.92 | 1.12 ± 0.93 | 1.11 ± 0.93 |
| Southern Land | -0.02 ± 1.04 | -0.00 ± 1.04 | -0.00 ± 1.05 |
| Ocean in South | -1.58 ± 0.66 | -1.56 ± 0.66 | -1.57 ± 0.66 |
| Southern | -1.60 ± 1.23 | -1.57 ± 1.23 | -1.57 ± 1.24 |
| Americas | -0.50 ± 1.15 | -0.45 ± 1.16 | -0.47 ± 1.16 |
| Atlantic and Arctic | -0.62 ± 0.58 | -0.61 ± 0.58 | -0.61 ± 0.58 |
| Eurasia and Africa | -0.16 ± 1.09 | -0.12 ± 1.10 | -0.10 ± 1.11 |
| Indian Ocean | -0.53 ± 0.26 | -0.53 ± 0.26 | -0.53 ± 0.26 |
| Asia | -1.11 ± 1.34 | -1.07 ± 1.35 | -1.08 ± 1.35 |
| Pacific Ocean | -0.56 ± 0.61 | -0.55 ± 0.61 | -0.56 ± 0.61 |
| All Land | -1.78 ± 2.10 | -1.64 ± 2.11 | -1.65 ± 2.12 |
| All Ocean | -1.89 ± 1.09 | -1.87 ± 1.09 | -1.89 ± 1.09 |
| Global | -3.67 ± 2.37 | -3.51 ± 2.38 | -3.54 ± 2.38 |
| North America | -0.60 ± 0.52 | -0.57 ± 0.54 | -0.59 ± 0.54 |
| Extratropical Eurasia | -1.46 ± 1.52 | -1.42 ± 1.52 | -1.41 ± 1.53 |
| Temperate Northern Ocean | -0.77 ± 0.59 | -0.78 ± 0.59 | -0.79 ± 0.59 |
| Temperate Southern Ocean | -1.39 ± 0.63 | -1.38 ± 0.63 | -1.38 ± 0.63 |
| Tropical and Southern Land | 0.28 ± 1.34 | 0.35 ± 1.35 | 0.35 ± 1.35 |
| Tropical Pacific | 0.41 ± 0.23 | 0.42 ± 0.23 | 0.42 ± 0.23 |
| Temperate Oceans | -2.17 ± 0.81 | -2.16 ± 0.81 | -2.17 ± 0.81 |
| High Latitude Oceans | -0.48 ± 0.35 | -0.47 ± 0.35 | -0.47 ± 0.35 |
| Extratropical Oceans | -2.65 ± 0.96 | -2.63 ± 0.95 | -2.64 ± 0.95 |
| Tropical and Southern Oceans | -0.83 ± 0.85 | -0.80 ± 0.85 | -0.81 ± 0.85 |
| Northern Boreal Land | -0.94 ± 1.21 | -0.90 ± 1.21 | -0.91 ± 1.22 |
| Northern Temperate Land | -1.12 ± 1.02 | -1.09 ± 1.03 | -1.09 ± 1.04 |
| Tropical land minus northern land | 2.36 ± 1.83 | 2.35 ± 1.84 | 2.35 ± 1.85 |
| High North Ocean and Boreal Land | -1.23 ± 1.23 | -1.19 ± 1.23 | -1.20 ± 1.23 |
| Northern Temperate Land and Ocean | -1.89 ± 1.18 | -1.87 ± 1.19 | -1.88 ± 1.20 |
| Southern Temperate Land and Ocean | -1.41 ± 1.21 | -1.38 ± 1.22 | -1.38 ± 1.22 |
| Tropical and Southern Land and Ocean | -0.54 ± 1.58 | -0.45 ± 1.59 | -0.46 ± 1.60 |
| Tropics and south minus north | 2.59 ± 2.33 | 2.61 ± 2.34 | 2.61 ± 2.34 |
| Tropical and southern land minus northern land | 2.35 ± 2.10 | 2.34 ± 2.12 | 2.35 ± 2.12 |
Table 122: Long-term mean fossil fuel emissions used in CT2010 compared to CT2009, including average fluxes computed over common time periods..
Table 123: Long-term mean natural flux (biosphere + ocean + fire) from CT2010 compared to CT2008, including average fluxes computed over common time periods. The uncertainty listed is the one standard deviation level from the ensemble Kalman filter estimate. Units are PgC yr-1.
| 2001-2009 | 2001-2007 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Transcom region | CT2010 | CT2010 | CT2008 |
| North American Boreal | -0.11 ± 0.35 | -0.10 ± 0.36 | -0.12 ± 0.37 |
| North American Temperate | -0.49 ± 0.39 | -0.48 ± 0.43 | -0.60 ± 0.44 |
| South American Tropical | 0.13 ± 0.67 | 0.20 ± 0.67 | 0.17 ± 0.67 |
| South American Temperate | -0.03 ± 0.78 | -0.04 ± 0.78 | -0.04 ± 0.78 |
| Northern Africa | 0.02 ± 0.50 | 0.03 ± 0.50 | 0.02 ± 0.50 |
| Southern Africa | 0.10 ± 0.62 | 0.16 ± 0.61 | 0.17 ± 0.62 |
| Eurasia Boreal | -0.83 ± 1.16 | -0.78 ± 1.15 | -0.82 ± 1.17 |
| Eurasia Temperate | -0.35 ± 0.54 | -0.35 ± 0.55 | -0.35 ± 0.54 |
| Tropical Asia | 0.15 ± 0.20 | 0.19 ± 0.21 | 0.19 ± 0.21 |
| Australia | -0.09 ± 0.31 | -0.08 ± 0.31 | -0.06 ± 0.31 |
| Europe | -0.28 ± 0.75 | -0.25 ± 0.75 | -0.25 ± 0.73 |
| North Pacific Temperate | -0.40 ± 0.38 | -0.41 ± 0.38 | -0.42 ± 0.38 |
| West Pacific Tropical | 0.02 ± 0.01 | 0.02 ± 0.01 | 0.02 ± 0.01 |
| East Pacific Tropical | 0.39 ± 0.23 | 0.41 ± 0.23 | 0.41 ± 0.23 |
| South Pacific Temperate | -0.57 ± 0.46 | -0.52 ± 0.45 | -0.54 ± 0.46 |
| Northern Ocean | -0.29 ± 0.19 | -0.28 ± 0.19 | -0.28 ± 0.19 |
| North Atlantic Temperate | -0.37 ± 0.41 | -0.36 ± 0.41 | -0.38 ± 0.41 |
| Atlantic Tropical | 0.19 ± 0.15 | 0.19 ± 0.15 | 0.19 ± 0.15 |
| South Atlantic Temperate | -0.14 ± 0.25 | -0.14 ± 0.25 | -0.13 ± 0.25 |
| Southern Ocean | -0.19 ± 0.32 | -0.18 ± 0.30 | -0.18 ± 0.30 |
| Indian Tropical | 0.16 ± 0.12 | 0.16 ± 0.12 | 0.16 ± 0.12 |
| South Indian Temperate | -0.69 ± 0.24 | -0.67 ± 0.23 | -0.67 ± 0.23 |
| Not optimized | -0.00 ± 0.00 | -0.00 ± 0.00 | -0.00 ± 0.00 |
| 2001-2009 | 2001-2007 | ||
| Aggregated Transcom region | CT2010 | CT2010 | CT2008 |
| Northern Land | -2.06 ± 1.62 | -1.95 ± 1.62 | -2.14 ± 1.63 |
| Northern Oceans | -1.07 ± 0.61 | -1.04 ± 0.60 | -1.08 ± 0.60 |
| Northern | -3.13 ± 1.73 | -2.99 ± 1.73 | -3.23 ± 1.74 |
| Tropical Land | 0.30 ± 0.85 | 0.42 ± 0.86 | 0.39 ± 0.86 |
| Tropical Ocean | 0.75 ± 0.34 | 0.77 ± 0.34 | 0.78 ± 0.34 |
| Tropical | 1.06 ± 0.92 | 1.19 ± 0.92 | 1.16 ± 0.93 |
| Southern Land | -0.02 ± 1.04 | 0.04 ± 1.04 | 0.06 ± 1.04 |
| Ocean in South | -1.58 ± 0.66 | -1.51 ± 0.65 | -1.51 ± 0.65 |
| Southern | -1.60 ± 1.23 | -1.48 ± 1.23 | -1.45 ± 1.23 |
| Americas | -0.50 ± 1.15 | -0.41 ± 1.17 | -0.58 ± 1.17 |
| Atlantic and Arctic | -0.62 ± 0.58 | -0.58 ± 0.57 | -0.60 ± 0.57 |
| Eurasia and Africa | -0.16 ± 1.09 | -0.06 ± 1.09 | -0.06 ± 1.08 |
| Indian Ocean | -0.53 ± 0.26 | -0.52 ± 0.25 | -0.51 ± 0.26 |
| Asia | -1.11 ± 1.34 | -1.02 ± 1.34 | -1.05 ± 1.36 |
| Pacific Ocean | -0.56 ± 0.61 | -0.50 ± 0.61 | -0.53 ± 0.61 |
| All Land | -1.78 ± 2.10 | -1.50 ± 2.11 | -1.70 ± 2.11 |
| All Ocean | -1.89 ± 1.09 | -1.78 ± 1.08 | -1.82 ± 1.08 |
| Global | -3.67 ± 2.37 | -3.28 ± 2.37 | -3.52 ± 2.38 |
| North America | -0.60 ± 0.52 | -0.58 ± 0.56 | -0.72 ± 0.57 |
| Extratropical Eurasia | -1.46 ± 1.52 | -1.38 ± 1.52 | -1.43 ± 1.52 |
| Temperate Northern Ocean | -0.77 ± 0.59 | -0.76 ± 0.58 | -0.80 ± 0.58 |
| Temperate Southern Ocean | -1.39 ± 0.63 | -1.33 ± 0.62 | -1.34 ± 0.63 |
| Tropical and Southern Land | 0.28 ± 1.34 | 0.45 ± 1.34 | 0.45 ± 1.35 |
| Tropical Pacific | 0.41 ± 0.23 | 0.43 ± 0.23 | 0.43 ± 0.23 |
| Temperate Oceans | -2.17 ± 0.81 | -2.10 ± 0.80 | -2.14 ± 0.81 |
| High Latitude Oceans | -0.48 ± 0.35 | -0.46 ± 0.34 | -0.46 ± 0.34 |
| Extratropical Oceans | -2.65 ± 0.96 | -2.55 ± 0.94 | -2.60 ± 0.94 |
| Tropical and Southern Oceans | -0.83 ± 0.85 | -0.74 ± 0.84 | -0.74 ± 0.84 |
| Northern Boreal Land | -0.94 ± 1.21 | -0.87 ± 1.21 | -0.94 ± 1.23 |
| Northern Temperate Land | -1.12 ± 1.02 | -1.08 ± 1.04 | -1.20 ± 1.03 |
| Tropical land minus northern land | 2.36 ± 1.83 | 2.37 ± 1.84 | 2.53 ± 1.85 |
| High North Ocean and Boreal Land | -1.23 ± 1.23 | -1.15 ± 1.22 | -1.23 ± 1.24 |
| Northern Temperate Land and Ocean | -1.89 ± 1.18 | -1.84 ± 1.19 | -2.00 ± 1.18 |
| Southern Temperate Land and Ocean | -1.41 ± 1.21 | -1.29 ± 1.21 | -1.27 ± 1.21 |
| Tropical and Southern Land and Ocean | -0.54 ± 1.58 | -0.29 ± 1.59 | -0.29 ± 1.59 |
| Tropics and south minus north | 2.59 ± 2.33 | 2.71 ± 2.33 | 2.94 ± 2.34 |
| Tropical and southern land minus northern land | 2.35 ± 2.10 | 2.40 ± 2.11 | 2.59 ± 2.12 |
Table 124: Long-term mean fossil fuel emissions used in CT2010 compared to CT2008, including average fluxes computed over common time periods..
Table 125: Long-term mean natural flux (biosphere + ocean + fire) from CT2010 compared to CT2007B, including average fluxes computed over common time periods. The uncertainty listed is the one standard deviation level from the ensemble Kalman filter estimate. Units are PgC yr-1.
| 2001-2009 | 2001-2006 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Transcom region | CT2010 | CT2010 | CT2007B |
| North American Boreal | -0.11 ± 0.35 | -0.09 ± 0.37 | -0.14 ± 0.37 |
| North American Temperate | -0.49 ± 0.39 | -0.47 ± 0.44 | -0.54 ± 0.52 |
| South American Tropical | 0.13 ± 0.67 | 0.16 ± 0.67 | 0.08 ± 0.68 |
| South American Temperate | -0.03 ± 0.78 | -0.05 ± 0.78 | -0.03 ± 0.76 |
| Northern Africa | 0.02 ± 0.50 | 0.01 ± 0.51 | 0.03 ± 0.50 |
| Southern Africa | 0.10 ± 0.62 | 0.18 ± 0.60 | 0.21 ± 0.59 |
| Eurasia Boreal | -0.83 ± 1.16 | -0.76 ± 1.16 | -0.64 ± 1.10 |
| Eurasia Temperate | -0.35 ± 0.54 | -0.33 ± 0.55 | -0.32 ± 0.54 |
| Tropical Asia | 0.15 ± 0.20 | 0.19 ± 0.21 | 0.20 ± 0.20 |
| Australia | -0.09 ± 0.31 | -0.10 ± 0.32 | -0.10 ± 0.31 |
| Europe | -0.28 ± 0.75 | -0.22 ± 0.76 | -0.30 ± 0.79 |
| North Pacific Temperate | -0.40 ± 0.38 | -0.41 ± 0.38 | -0.39 ± 0.37 |
| West Pacific Tropical | 0.02 ± 0.01 | 0.02 ± 0.02 | 0.02 ± 0.02 |
| East Pacific Tropical | 0.39 ± 0.23 | 0.41 ± 0.22 | 0.38 ± 0.23 |
| South Pacific Temperate | -0.57 ± 0.46 | -0.50 ± 0.45 | -0.49 ± 0.45 |
| Northern Ocean | -0.29 ± 0.19 | -0.27 ± 0.18 | -0.27 ± 0.19 |
| North Atlantic Temperate | -0.37 ± 0.41 | -0.35 ± 0.40 | -0.40 ± 0.39 |
| Atlantic Tropical | 0.19 ± 0.15 | 0.19 ± 0.15 | 0.19 ± 0.15 |
| South Atlantic Temperate | -0.14 ± 0.25 | -0.14 ± 0.24 | -0.14 ± 0.23 |
| Southern Ocean | -0.19 ± 0.32 | -0.17 ± 0.30 | -0.22 ± 0.32 |
| Indian Tropical | 0.16 ± 0.12 | 0.16 ± 0.12 | 0.16 ± 0.13 |
| South Indian Temperate | -0.69 ± 0.24 | -0.67 ± 0.23 | -0.64 ± 0.24 |
| Not optimized | -0.00 ± 0.00 | -0.00 ± 0.00 | -0.00 ± 0.00 |
| 2001-2009 | 2001-2006 | ||
| Aggregated Transcom region | CT2010 | CT2010 | CT2007B |
| Northern Land | -2.06 ± 1.62 | -1.87 ± 1.65 | -1.94 ± 1.64 |
| Northern Oceans | -1.07 ± 0.61 | -1.03 ± 0.60 | -1.05 ± 0.58 |
| Northern | -3.13 ± 1.73 | -2.90 ± 1.75 | -3.00 ± 1.74 |
| Tropical Land | 0.30 ± 0.85 | 0.36 ± 0.86 | 0.30 ± 0.86 |
| Tropical Ocean | 0.75 ± 0.34 | 0.78 ± 0.34 | 0.74 ± 0.35 |
| Tropical | 1.06 ± 0.92 | 1.14 ± 0.93 | 1.05 ± 0.93 |
| Southern Land | -0.02 ± 1.04 | 0.03 ± 1.04 | 0.08 ± 1.01 |
| Ocean in South | -1.58 ± 0.66 | -1.48 ± 0.65 | -1.49 ± 0.66 |
| Southern | -1.60 ± 1.23 | -1.44 ± 1.22 | -1.41 ± 1.21 |
| Americas | -0.50 ± 1.15 | -0.45 ± 1.18 | -0.63 ± 1.21 |
| Atlantic and Arctic | -0.62 ± 0.58 | -0.56 ± 0.57 | -0.62 ± 0.55 |
| Eurasia and Africa | -0.16 ± 1.09 | -0.02 ± 1.10 | -0.06 ± 1.10 |
| Indian Ocean | -0.53 ± 0.26 | -0.51 ± 0.26 | -0.48 ± 0.26 |
| Asia | -1.11 ± 1.34 | -1.00 ± 1.35 | -0.87 ± 1.30 |
| Pacific Ocean | -0.56 ± 0.61 | -0.48 ± 0.61 | -0.48 ± 0.62 |
| All Land | -1.78 ± 2.10 | -1.47 ± 2.12 | -1.56 ± 2.11 |
| All Ocean | -1.89 ± 1.09 | -1.72 ± 1.08 | -1.80 ± 1.09 |
| Global | -3.67 ± 2.37 | -3.20 ± 2.38 | -3.36 ± 2.37 |
| North America | -0.60 ± 0.52 | -0.56 ± 0.58 | -0.68 ± 0.64 |
| Extratropical Eurasia | -1.46 ± 1.52 | -1.31 ± 1.53 | -1.26 ± 1.50 |
| Temperate Northern Ocean | -0.77 ± 0.59 | -0.76 ± 0.59 | -0.78 ± 0.56 |
| Temperate Southern Ocean | -1.39 ± 0.63 | -1.30 ± 0.63 | -1.27 ± 0.63 |
| Tropical and Southern Land | 0.28 ± 1.34 | 0.40 ± 1.34 | 0.38 ± 1.33 |
| Tropical Pacific | 0.41 ± 0.23 | 0.43 ± 0.23 | 0.40 ± 0.24 |
| Temperate Oceans | -2.17 ± 0.81 | -2.06 ± 0.81 | -2.05 ± 0.79 |
| High Latitude Oceans | -0.48 ± 0.35 | -0.44 ± 0.34 | -0.50 ± 0.36 |
| Extratropical Oceans | -2.65 ± 0.96 | -2.51 ± 0.94 | -2.55 ± 0.93 |
| Tropical and Southern Oceans | -0.83 ± 0.85 | -0.70 ± 0.84 | -0.75 ± 0.87 |
| Northern Boreal Land | -0.94 ± 1.21 | -0.85 ± 1.22 | -0.78 ± 1.17 |
| Northern Temperate Land | -1.12 ± 1.02 | -1.02 ± 1.06 | -1.16 ± 1.10 |
| Tropical land minus northern land | 2.36 ± 1.83 | 2.23 ± 1.86 | 2.25 ± 1.86 |
| High North Ocean and Boreal Land | -1.23 ± 1.23 | -1.12 ± 1.23 | -1.05 ± 1.18 |
| Northern Temperate Land and Ocean | -1.89 ± 1.18 | -1.78 ± 1.21 | -1.94 ± 1.24 |
| Southern Temperate Land and Ocean | -1.41 ± 1.21 | -1.27 ± 1.21 | -1.19 ± 1.20 |
| Tropical and Southern Land and Ocean | -0.54 ± 1.58 | -0.30 ± 1.59 | -0.37 ± 1.59 |
| Tropics and south minus north | 2.59 ± 2.33 | 2.60 ± 2.35 | 2.63 ± 2.34 |
| Tropical and southern land minus northern land | 2.35 ± 2.10 | 2.27 ± 2.13 | 2.33 ± 2.12 |
Table 126: Long-term mean fossil fuel emissions used in CT2010 compared to CT2007B, including average fluxes computed over common time periods..
Table 127: Long-term mean natural flux (biosphere + ocean + fire) from CT2009 compared to CT2008, including average fluxes computed over common time periods. The uncertainty listed is the one standard deviation level from the ensemble Kalman filter estimate. Units are PgC yr-1.
| 2001-2008 | 2001-2007 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Transcom region | CT2009 | CT2009 | CT2008 |
| North American Boreal | -0.11 ± 0.36 | -0.10 ± 0.36 | -0.12 ± 0.37 |
| North American Temperate | -0.49 ± 0.41 | -0.49 ± 0.43 | -0.60 ± 0.44 |
| South American Tropical | 0.15 ± 0.68 | 0.20 ± 0.67 | 0.17 ± 0.67 |
| South American Temperate | -0.03 ± 0.78 | -0.04 ± 0.78 | -0.04 ± 0.78 |
| Northern Africa | 0.03 ± 0.50 | 0.03 ± 0.50 | 0.02 ± 0.50 |
| Southern Africa | 0.12 ± 0.63 | 0.16 ± 0.61 | 0.17 ± 0.62 |
| Eurasia Boreal | -0.80 ± 1.16 | -0.78 ± 1.15 | -0.82 ± 1.17 |
| Eurasia Temperate | -0.35 ± 0.54 | -0.35 ± 0.55 | -0.35 ± 0.54 |
| Tropical Asia | 0.16 ± 0.20 | 0.19 ± 0.21 | 0.19 ± 0.21 |
| Australia | -0.09 ± 0.32 | -0.08 ± 0.31 | -0.06 ± 0.31 |
| Europe | -0.25 ± 0.76 | -0.24 ± 0.75 | -0.25 ± 0.73 |
| North Pacific Temperate | -0.41 ± 0.38 | -0.41 ± 0.38 | -0.42 ± 0.38 |
| West Pacific Tropical | 0.02 ± 0.01 | 0.02 ± 0.01 | 0.02 ± 0.01 |
| East Pacific Tropical | 0.40 ± 0.23 | 0.41 ± 0.23 | 0.41 ± 0.23 |
| South Pacific Temperate | -0.56 ± 0.46 | -0.52 ± 0.45 | -0.54 ± 0.46 |
| Northern Ocean | -0.29 ± 0.19 | -0.28 ± 0.19 | -0.28 ± 0.19 |
| North Atlantic Temperate | -0.37 ± 0.41 | -0.36 ± 0.41 | -0.38 ± 0.41 |
| Atlantic Tropical | 0.19 ± 0.15 | 0.19 ± 0.15 | 0.19 ± 0.15 |
| South Atlantic Temperate | -0.14 ± 0.25 | -0.14 ± 0.25 | -0.13 ± 0.25 |
| Southern Ocean | -0.19 ± 0.31 | -0.18 ± 0.30 | -0.18 ± 0.30 |
| Indian Tropical | 0.16 ± 0.12 | 0.16 ± 0.12 | 0.16 ± 0.12 |
| South Indian Temperate | -0.68 ± 0.24 | -0.67 ± 0.23 | -0.67 ± 0.23 |
| Not optimized | -0.00 ± 0.00 | -0.00 ± 0.00 | -0.00 ± 0.00 |
| 2001-2008 | 2001-2007 | ||
| Aggregated Transcom region | CT2009 | CT2009 | CT2008 |
| Northern Land | -2.00 ± 1.63 | -1.96 ± 1.63 | -2.14 ± 1.63 |
| Northern Oceans | -1.07 ± 0.61 | -1.04 ± 0.60 | -1.08 ± 0.60 |
| Northern | -3.08 ± 1.74 | -3.00 ± 1.74 | -3.23 ± 1.74 |
| Tropical Land | 0.35 ± 0.86 | 0.41 ± 0.86 | 0.39 ± 0.86 |
| Tropical Ocean | 0.76 ± 0.34 | 0.77 ± 0.34 | 0.78 ± 0.34 |
| Tropical | 1.11 ± 0.93 | 1.19 ± 0.92 | 1.16 ± 0.93 |
| Southern Land | -0.00 ± 1.05 | 0.04 ± 1.04 | 0.06 ± 1.04 |
| Ocean in South | -1.57 ± 0.66 | -1.52 ± 0.65 | -1.51 ± 0.65 |
| Southern | -1.57 ± 1.24 | -1.48 ± 1.23 | -1.45 ± 1.23 |
| Americas | -0.47 ± 1.16 | -0.43 ± 1.17 | -0.58 ± 1.17 |
| Atlantic and Arctic | -0.61 ± 0.58 | -0.58 ± 0.57 | -0.60 ± 0.57 |
| Eurasia and Africa | -0.10 ± 1.11 | -0.06 ± 1.10 | -0.06 ± 1.08 |
| Indian Ocean | -0.53 ± 0.26 | -0.52 ± 0.25 | -0.51 ± 0.26 |
| Asia | -1.08 ± 1.35 | -1.02 ± 1.34 | -1.05 ± 1.36 |
| Pacific Ocean | -0.56 ± 0.61 | -0.50 ± 0.61 | -0.53 ± 0.61 |
| All Land | -1.65 ± 2.12 | -1.51 ± 2.11 | -1.70 ± 2.11 |
| All Ocean | -1.89 ± 1.09 | -1.78 ± 1.08 | -1.82 ± 1.08 |
| Global | -3.54 ± 2.38 | -3.29 ± 2.37 | -3.52 ± 2.38 |
| North America | -0.59 ± 0.54 | -0.59 ± 0.56 | -0.72 ± 0.57 |
| Extratropical Eurasia | -1.41 ± 1.53 | -1.37 ± 1.52 | -1.43 ± 1.52 |
| Temperate Northern Ocean | -0.79 ± 0.59 | -0.77 ± 0.59 | -0.80 ± 0.58 |
| Temperate Southern Ocean | -1.38 ± 0.63 | -1.33 ± 0.62 | -1.34 ± 0.63 |
| Tropical and Southern Land | 0.35 ± 1.35 | 0.45 ± 1.34 | 0.45 ± 1.35 |
| Tropical Pacific | 0.42 ± 0.23 | 0.43 ± 0.23 | 0.43 ± 0.23 |
| Temperate Oceans | -2.17 ± 0.81 | -2.10 ± 0.80 | -2.14 ± 0.81 |
| High Latitude Oceans | -0.47 ± 0.35 | -0.46 ± 0.34 | -0.46 ± 0.34 |
| Extratropical Oceans | -2.64 ± 0.95 | -2.56 ± 0.95 | -2.60 ± 0.94 |
| Tropical and Southern Oceans | -0.81 ± 0.85 | -0.74 ± 0.84 | -0.74 ± 0.84 |
| Northern Boreal Land | -0.91 ± 1.22 | -0.88 ± 1.21 | -0.94 ± 1.23 |
| Northern Temperate Land | -1.09 ± 1.04 | -1.08 ± 1.05 | -1.20 ± 1.03 |
| Tropical land minus northern land | 2.35 ± 1.85 | 2.37 ± 1.84 | 2.53 ± 1.85 |
| High North Ocean and Boreal Land | -1.20 ± 1.23 | -1.15 ± 1.22 | -1.23 ± 1.24 |
| Northern Temperate Land and Ocean | -1.88 ± 1.20 | -1.84 ± 1.20 | -2.00 ± 1.18 |
| Southern Temperate Land and Ocean | -1.38 ± 1.22 | -1.29 ± 1.21 | -1.27 ± 1.21 |
| Tropical and Southern Land and Ocean | -0.46 ± 1.60 | -0.29 ± 1.59 | -0.29 ± 1.59 |
| Tropics and south minus north | 2.61 ± 2.34 | 2.71 ± 2.33 | 2.94 ± 2.34 |
| Tropical and southern land minus northern land | 2.35 ± 2.12 | 2.40 ± 2.11 | 2.59 ± 2.12 |
Table 128: Long-term mean fossil fuel emissions used in CT2009 compared to CT2008, including average fluxes computed over common time periods..
Table 129: Long-term mean natural flux (biosphere + ocean + fire) from CT2009 compared to CT2007B, including average fluxes computed over common time periods. The uncertainty listed is the one standard deviation level from the ensemble Kalman filter estimate. Units are PgC yr-1.
| 2001-2008 | 2001-2006 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Transcom region | CT2009 | CT2009 | CT2007B |
| North American Boreal | -0.11 ± 0.36 | -0.09 ± 0.37 | -0.14 ± 0.37 |
| North American Temperate | -0.49 ± 0.41 | -0.47 ± 0.44 | -0.54 ± 0.52 |
| South American Tropical | 0.15 ± 0.68 | 0.16 ± 0.67 | 0.08 ± 0.68 |
| South American Temperate | -0.03 ± 0.78 | -0.05 ± 0.78 | -0.03 ± 0.76 |
| Northern Africa | 0.03 ± 0.50 | 0.01 ± 0.51 | 0.03 ± 0.50 |
| Southern Africa | 0.12 ± 0.63 | 0.18 ± 0.60 | 0.21 ± 0.59 |
| Eurasia Boreal | -0.80 ± 1.16 | -0.76 ± 1.16 | -0.64 ± 1.10 |
| Eurasia Temperate | -0.35 ± 0.54 | -0.33 ± 0.55 | -0.32 ± 0.54 |
| Tropical Asia | 0.16 ± 0.20 | 0.19 ± 0.21 | 0.20 ± 0.20 |
| Australia | -0.09 ± 0.32 | -0.10 ± 0.32 | -0.10 ± 0.31 |
| Europe | -0.25 ± 0.76 | -0.22 ± 0.76 | -0.30 ± 0.79 |
| North Pacific Temperate | -0.41 ± 0.38 | -0.41 ± 0.38 | -0.39 ± 0.37 |
| West Pacific Tropical | 0.02 ± 0.01 | 0.02 ± 0.02 | 0.02 ± 0.02 |
| East Pacific Tropical | 0.40 ± 0.23 | 0.41 ± 0.22 | 0.38 ± 0.23 |
| South Pacific Temperate | -0.56 ± 0.46 | -0.50 ± 0.45 | -0.49 ± 0.45 |
| Northern Ocean | -0.29 ± 0.19 | -0.27 ± 0.18 | -0.27 ± 0.19 |
| North Atlantic Temperate | -0.37 ± 0.41 | -0.35 ± 0.40 | -0.40 ± 0.39 |
| Atlantic Tropical | 0.19 ± 0.15 | 0.19 ± 0.15 | 0.19 ± 0.15 |
| South Atlantic Temperate | -0.14 ± 0.25 | -0.14 ± 0.24 | -0.14 ± 0.23 |
| Southern Ocean | -0.19 ± 0.31 | -0.17 ± 0.30 | -0.22 ± 0.32 |
| Indian Tropical | 0.16 ± 0.12 | 0.16 ± 0.12 | 0.16 ± 0.13 |
| South Indian Temperate | -0.68 ± 0.24 | -0.67 ± 0.23 | -0.64 ± 0.24 |
| Not optimized | -0.00 ± 0.00 | -0.00 ± 0.00 | -0.00 ± 0.00 |
| 2001-2008 | 2001-2006 | ||
| Aggregated Transcom region | CT2009 | CT2009 | CT2007B |
| Northern Land | -2.00 ± 1.63 | -1.87 ± 1.65 | -1.94 ± 1.64 |
| Northern Oceans | -1.07 ± 0.61 | -1.03 ± 0.60 | -1.05 ± 0.58 |
| Northern | -3.08 ± 1.74 | -2.90 ± 1.75 | -3.00 ± 1.74 |
| Tropical Land | 0.35 ± 0.86 | 0.36 ± 0.86 | 0.30 ± 0.86 |
| Tropical Ocean | 0.76 ± 0.34 | 0.78 ± 0.34 | 0.74 ± 0.35 |
| Tropical | 1.11 ± 0.93 | 1.14 ± 0.93 | 1.05 ± 0.93 |
| Southern Land | -0.00 ± 1.05 | 0.04 ± 1.04 | 0.08 ± 1.01 |
| Ocean in South | -1.57 ± 0.66 | -1.48 ± 0.65 | -1.49 ± 0.66 |
| Southern | -1.57 ± 1.24 | -1.44 ± 1.22 | -1.41 ± 1.21 |
| Americas | -0.47 ± 1.16 | -0.45 ± 1.18 | -0.63 ± 1.21 |
| Atlantic and Arctic | -0.61 ± 0.58 | -0.56 ± 0.57 | -0.62 ± 0.55 |
| Eurasia and Africa | -0.10 ± 1.11 | -0.02 ± 1.10 | -0.06 ± 1.10 |
| Indian Ocean | -0.53 ± 0.26 | -0.51 ± 0.26 | -0.48 ± 0.26 |
| Asia | -1.08 ± 1.35 | -1.00 ± 1.35 | -0.87 ± 1.30 |
| Pacific Ocean | -0.56 ± 0.61 | -0.48 ± 0.61 | -0.48 ± 0.62 |
| All Land | -1.65 ± 2.12 | -1.47 ± 2.12 | -1.56 ± 2.11 |
| All Ocean | -1.89 ± 1.09 | -1.72 ± 1.08 | -1.80 ± 1.09 |
| Global | -3.54 ± 2.38 | -3.20 ± 2.38 | -3.36 ± 2.37 |
| North America | -0.59 ± 0.54 | -0.56 ± 0.58 | -0.68 ± 0.64 |
| Extratropical Eurasia | -1.41 ± 1.53 | -1.31 ± 1.53 | -1.26 ± 1.50 |
| Temperate Northern Ocean | -0.79 ± 0.59 | -0.76 ± 0.59 | -0.78 ± 0.56 |
| Temperate Southern Ocean | -1.38 ± 0.63 | -1.30 ± 0.63 | -1.27 ± 0.63 |
| Tropical and Southern Land | 0.35 ± 1.35 | 0.40 ± 1.34 | 0.38 ± 1.33 |
| Tropical Pacific | 0.42 ± 0.23 | 0.43 ± 0.23 | 0.40 ± 0.24 |
| Temperate Oceans | -2.17 ± 0.81 | -2.06 ± 0.81 | -2.05 ± 0.79 |
| High Latitude Oceans | -0.47 ± 0.35 | -0.44 ± 0.34 | -0.50 ± 0.36 |
| Extratropical Oceans | -2.64 ± 0.95 | -2.51 ± 0.94 | -2.55 ± 0.93 |
| Tropical and Southern Oceans | -0.81 ± 0.85 | -0.70 ± 0.84 | -0.75 ± 0.87 |
| Northern Boreal Land | -0.91 ± 1.22 | -0.85 ± 1.22 | -0.78 ± 1.17 |
| Northern Temperate Land | -1.09 ± 1.04 | -1.02 ± 1.06 | -1.16 ± 1.10 |
| Tropical land minus northern land | 2.35 ± 1.85 | 2.23 ± 1.86 | 2.25 ± 1.86 |
| High North Ocean and Boreal Land | -1.20 ± 1.23 | -1.12 ± 1.23 | -1.05 ± 1.18 |
| Northern Temperate Land and Ocean | -1.88 ± 1.20 | -1.78 ± 1.21 | -1.94 ± 1.24 |
| Southern Temperate Land and Ocean | -1.38 ± 1.22 | -1.27 ± 1.21 | -1.19 ± 1.20 |
| Tropical and Southern Land and Ocean | -0.46 ± 1.60 | -0.30 ± 1.59 | -0.37 ± 1.59 |
| Tropics and south minus north | 2.61 ± 2.34 | 2.60 ± 2.35 | 2.63 ± 2.34 |
| Tropical and southern land minus northern land | 2.35 ± 2.12 | 2.27 ± 2.13 | 2.33 ± 2.12 |
Table 130: Long-term mean fossil fuel emissions used in CT2009 compared to CT2007B, including average fluxes computed over common time periods..
Table 131: Long-term mean natural flux (biosphere + ocean + fire) from CT2008 compared to CT2007B, including average fluxes computed over common time periods. The uncertainty listed is the one standard deviation level from the ensemble Kalman filter estimate. Units are PgC yr-1.
| 2001-2007 | 2001-2006 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Transcom region | CT2008 | CT2008 | CT2007B |
| North American Boreal | -0.12 ± 0.37 | -0.10 ± 0.37 | -0.14 ± 0.37 |
| North American Temperate | -0.60 ± 0.44 | -0.59 ± 0.44 | -0.54 ± 0.52 |
| South American Tropical | 0.17 ± 0.67 | 0.14 ± 0.67 | 0.08 ± 0.68 |
| South American Temperate | -0.04 ± 0.78 | -0.05 ± 0.78 | -0.03 ± 0.76 |
| Northern Africa | 0.02 ± 0.50 | 0.01 ± 0.51 | 0.03 ± 0.50 |
| Southern Africa | 0.17 ± 0.62 | 0.19 ± 0.61 | 0.21 ± 0.59 |
| Eurasia Boreal | -0.82 ± 1.17 | -0.81 ± 1.18 | -0.64 ± 1.10 |
| Eurasia Temperate | -0.35 ± 0.54 | -0.32 ± 0.54 | -0.32 ± 0.54 |
| Tropical Asia | 0.19 ± 0.21 | 0.19 ± 0.21 | 0.20 ± 0.20 |
| Australia | -0.06 ± 0.31 | -0.08 ± 0.31 | -0.10 ± 0.31 |
| Europe | -0.25 ± 0.73 | -0.24 ± 0.74 | -0.30 ± 0.79 |
| North Pacific Temperate | -0.42 ± 0.38 | -0.43 ± 0.38 | -0.39 ± 0.37 |
| West Pacific Tropical | 0.02 ± 0.01 | 0.02 ± 0.02 | 0.02 ± 0.02 |
| East Pacific Tropical | 0.41 ± 0.23 | 0.42 ± 0.23 | 0.38 ± 0.23 |
| South Pacific Temperate | -0.54 ± 0.46 | -0.52 ± 0.45 | -0.49 ± 0.45 |
| Northern Ocean | -0.28 ± 0.19 | -0.28 ± 0.18 | -0.27 ± 0.19 |
| North Atlantic Temperate | -0.38 ± 0.41 | -0.36 ± 0.40 | -0.40 ± 0.39 |
| Atlantic Tropical | 0.19 ± 0.15 | 0.19 ± 0.15 | 0.19 ± 0.15 |
| South Atlantic Temperate | -0.13 ± 0.25 | -0.13 ± 0.24 | -0.14 ± 0.23 |
| Southern Ocean | -0.18 ± 0.30 | -0.17 ± 0.30 | -0.22 ± 0.32 |
| Indian Tropical | 0.16 ± 0.12 | 0.16 ± 0.12 | 0.16 ± 0.13 |
| South Indian Temperate | -0.67 ± 0.23 | -0.67 ± 0.23 | -0.64 ± 0.24 |
| Not optimized | -0.00 ± 0.00 | -0.00 ± 0.00 | -0.00 ± 0.00 |
| 2001-2007 | 2001-2006 | ||
| Aggregated Transcom region | CT2008 | CT2008 | CT2007B |
| Northern Land | -2.14 ± 1.63 | -2.06 ± 1.65 | -1.94 ± 1.64 |
| Northern Oceans | -1.08 ± 0.60 | -1.06 ± 0.60 | -1.05 ± 0.58 |
| Northern | -3.23 ± 1.74 | -3.13 ± 1.75 | -3.00 ± 1.74 |
| Tropical Land | 0.39 ± 0.86 | 0.34 ± 0.86 | 0.30 ± 0.86 |
| Tropical Ocean | 0.78 ± 0.34 | 0.79 ± 0.34 | 0.74 ± 0.35 |
| Tropical | 1.16 ± 0.93 | 1.12 ± 0.93 | 1.05 ± 0.93 |
| Southern Land | 0.06 ± 1.04 | 0.06 ± 1.04 | 0.08 ± 1.01 |
| Ocean in South | -1.51 ± 0.65 | -1.49 ± 0.65 | -1.49 ± 0.66 |
| Southern | -1.45 ± 1.23 | -1.43 ± 1.22 | -1.41 ± 1.21 |
| Americas | -0.58 ± 1.17 | -0.60 ± 1.18 | -0.63 ± 1.21 |
| Atlantic and Arctic | -0.60 ± 0.57 | -0.58 ± 0.57 | -0.62 ± 0.55 |
| Eurasia and Africa | -0.06 ± 1.08 | -0.04 ± 1.08 | -0.06 ± 1.10 |
| Indian Ocean | -0.51 ± 0.26 | -0.51 ± 0.26 | -0.48 ± 0.26 |
| Asia | -1.05 ± 1.36 | -1.02 ± 1.37 | -0.87 ± 1.30 |
| Pacific Ocean | -0.53 ± 0.61 | -0.51 ± 0.61 | -0.48 ± 0.62 |
| All Land | -1.70 ± 2.11 | -1.66 ± 2.12 | -1.56 ± 2.11 |
| All Ocean | -1.82 ± 1.08 | -1.76 ± 1.08 | -1.80 ± 1.09 |
| Global | -3.52 ± 2.38 | -3.43 ± 2.38 | -3.36 ± 2.37 |
| North America | -0.72 ± 0.57 | -0.69 ± 0.58 | -0.68 ± 0.64 |
| Extratropical Eurasia | -1.43 ± 1.52 | -1.37 ± 1.53 | -1.26 ± 1.50 |
| Temperate Northern Ocean | -0.80 ± 0.58 | -0.79 ± 0.58 | -0.78 ± 0.56 |
| Temperate Southern Ocean | -1.34 ± 0.63 | -1.32 ± 0.63 | -1.27 ± 0.63 |
| Tropical and Southern Land | 0.45 ± 1.35 | 0.40 ± 1.34 | 0.38 ± 1.33 |
| Tropical Pacific | 0.43 ± 0.23 | 0.44 ± 0.23 | 0.40 ± 0.24 |
| Temperate Oceans | -2.14 ± 0.81 | -2.11 ± 0.81 | -2.05 ± 0.79 |
| High Latitude Oceans | -0.46 ± 0.34 | -0.44 ± 0.33 | -0.50 ± 0.36 |
| Extratropical Oceans | -2.60 ± 0.94 | -2.55 ± 0.94 | -2.55 ± 0.93 |
| Tropical and Southern Oceans | -0.74 ± 0.84 | -0.70 ± 0.84 | -0.75 ± 0.87 |
| Northern Boreal Land | -0.94 ± 1.23 | -0.91 ± 1.24 | -0.78 ± 1.17 |
| Northern Temperate Land | -1.20 ± 1.03 | -1.15 ± 1.04 | -1.16 ± 1.10 |
| Tropical land minus northern land | 2.53 ± 1.85 | 2.40 ± 1.86 | 2.25 ± 1.86 |
| High North Ocean and Boreal Land | -1.23 ± 1.24 | -1.19 ± 1.25 | -1.05 ± 1.18 |
| Northern Temperate Land and Ocean | -2.00 ± 1.18 | -1.94 ± 1.19 | -1.94 ± 1.24 |
| Southern Temperate Land and Ocean | -1.27 ± 1.21 | -1.26 ± 1.21 | -1.19 ± 1.20 |
| Tropical and Southern Land and Ocean | -0.29 ± 1.59 | -0.30 ± 1.59 | -0.37 ± 1.59 |
| Tropics and south minus north | 2.94 ± 2.34 | 2.82 ± 2.35 | 2.63 ± 2.34 |
| Tropical and southern land minus northern land | 2.59 ± 2.12 | 2.46 ± 2.13 | 2.33 ± 2.12 |
Table 132: Long-term mean fossil fuel emissions used in CT2008 compared to CT2007B, including average fluxes computed over common time periods..