Scientific Assessment of Ozone Depletion: 2018

Twenty Questions and Answers About the Ozone Layer

Twenty Questions and Answers About the Ozone Layer: 2018 Update

Figures

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Figure Q1-1: Ross J. Salawitch (Lead Author), David W. Fahey, Michaela I. Hegglin, Laura A. McBride, Walter R. Tribett, Sarah J. Doherty, Twenty Questions and Answers About the Ozone Layer: 2018 Update, Scientific Assessment of Ozone Depletion: 2018, World Meteorological Organization, Geneva, Switzerland, 2019.

Introduction

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I. Ozone in our atmosphere

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  1. What is ozone, how is it formed, and where is it in the atmosphere?
  2. Why do we care about atmospheric ozone?
  3. How is total ozone distributed over the globe?
  4. How is ozone measured in the atmosphere?

II. The ozone depletion process

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  1. How do emissions of halogen source gases lead to stratospheric ozone depletion?
  2. What emissions from human activities lead to ozone depletion?
  3. What are the reactive halogen gases that destroy stratospheric ozone?
  4. What are the chlorine and bromine reactions that destroy stratospheric ozone?
  5. Why has an "ozone hole" appeared over Antarctica when ozone-depleting substances are present throughout the stratosphere?

III. Stratospheric ozone depletion

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  1. How severe is the depletion of the Antarctic ozone layer?
  2. Is there depletion of the Arctic ozone layer?
  3. How large is the depletion of the global ozone layer?
  4. Do changes in the Sun and volcanic eruptions affect the ozone layer?

IV. Controlling ozone-depleting substances

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  1. Are there controls on the production of ozone-depleting substances?
  2. Has the Montreal Protocol been successful in reducing ozone-depleting substances in the atmosphere?

V. Implications of ozone depletion and the Montreal Protocol

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  1. Does depletion of the ozone layer increase ground-level ultraviolet radiation?
  2. Is depletion of the ozone layer the principal cause of climate change?
  3. Are Montreal Protocol controls of ozone-depleting substances also helping protect Earth's climate?
  4. How has the protection of climate by the Montreal Protocol expanded beyond the regulation of ozone-depleting substances?

VI. Stratospheric ozone in the future

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  1. How is ozone expected to change in the coming decades?

Appendix