Descriptions of the models available in FACTS
AM3
Model:
AM3
Source:
Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL)
Horizontal Resolution:
~1.9ox1.9o (192x92)
Vertical Resolution:
48 layers
References:
Donner, Leo J., Bruce Wyman, Richard S Hemler, Larry W Horowitz, Yi Ming, Ming Zhao, J-C Golaz, Paul Ginoux, Shian-Jiann Lin, M Daniel Schwarzkopf, John Austin, G Alaka, W F Cooke, Thomas L Delworth, Stuart Freidenreich, C Tony Gordon, Stephen M Griffies, Isaac M Held, William J Hurlin, Stephen A Klein, Thomas R Knutson, Amy R Langenhorst, H C Lee, Y Lin, B I Magi, Sergey Malyshev, P C D Milly, Vaishali Naik, Mary Jo Nath, R Pincus, Jeff J Ploshay, V Ramaswamy, Charles J Seman, Elena Shevliakova, Joseph J Sirutis, William F Stern, Ronald J Stouffer, R John Wilson, Michael Winton, Andrew T Wittenberg, and Fanrong Zeng, July 2011: The dynamical core, physical parameterizations, and basic simulation characteristics of the atmospheric component AM3 of the GFDL Global Coupled Model CM3. Journal of Climate, 24(13), doi:10.1175/2011JCLI3955.1.
Bretherton, Christopher S., James R McCaa, Herve Grenier, 2004: A New Parameterization for Shallow Cumulus Convection and Its Application to Marine Subtropical Cloud-Topped Boundary Layers. Part I: Description and 1D Results. Monthly Weather Review, 132, 864-882.
Donner, Leo J., Charles J Seman, Richard S Hemler, and Song-Miao Fan, 2001: A Cumulus Parameterization Including Mass Fluxes, Convective Vertical Velocities, and Mesoscale Effects: Thermodynamic and Hydrological Aspects in a General Circulation model. Journal of Climate, 14(16), 3444-3463.
Golaz, J-C, M Salzmann, Leo J Donner, Larry W Horowitz, Yi Ming, and Ming Zhao, July 2011: Sensitivity of the Aerosol Indirect Effect to Subgrid Variability in the Cloud Parameterization of the GFDL Atmosphere General Circulation Model AM3. Journal of Climate, 24(13), DOI:10.1175/2010JCLI3945.1.
Ming, Yi, V Ramaswamy, Leo J Donner, and V T J Phillips, 2006: A new parameterization of cloud droplet activation applicable to general circulation models. Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, 63(4), DOI:10.1175/JAS3686.1.
Wilcox, E M., and Leo J Donner, 2007: The Frequency of Extreme Rain Events in Satellite Rain-Rate Estimates and an Atmospheric General Circulation Model. Journal of Climate, 20(1), DOI:10.1175/JCLI3987.1
CAM4
Model:
CCSM4.0 CAM
Source:
National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR)
Horizontal Resolution:
~1.0oX1.0o (288x192)
Vertical Resolution:
25 layers
References:
Neale, R. B., et al., (2010a), Description of the NCAR Community Atmosphere Model (CAM 4.0), NCAR Tech. Note NCAR/TN-XXX+STR, 206 pp., Natl. Cent. for Atmos. Res, Boulder, Colo.
CAM5.1
Model:
CAM-5.1.1 (CESM-1.0)
Source:
National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR)
Horizontal Resolution:
~1.0oX1.0o (288x192)
Vertical Resolution:
25 layers
References:
Neale, R. B., et al., (2012), Description of the NCAR Community Atmosphere Model (CAM 5.0), NCAR Tech. Note NCAR/TN-486+STR, 289 pp., Natl. Cent. for Atmos. Res, Boulder, Colo.
CanESM2
Model:
CanESM2
Source:
Canadian Centre for Climate Modelling and Analysis
Horizontal Resolution:
~2.8oX2.8o (128x64)
Vertical Resolution:
35 layers
Model Description:
Large Ensemble Experiment References and Licensing
CESM1-CAM5
Model:
CESM1.0-CAM5
Source:
National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR)
Horizontal Resolution:
~1.0oX1.0o (288x192)
Vertical Resolution:
25 layers
References:
Kay, J. E., Deser, C., Phillips, A., Mai, A., Hannay, C., Strand, G., Arblaster, J., Bates, S., Danabasoglu, G., Edwards, J., Holland, M. Kushner, P., Lamarque, J.-F., Lawrence, D., Lindsay, K., Middleton, A., Munoz, E., Neale, R., Oleson, K., Polvani, L., and M. Vertenstein (2015), The Community Earth System Model (CESM) Large Ensemble Project: A Community Resource for Studying Climate Change in the Presence of Internal Climate Variability, Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, doi: 10.1175/BAMS-D-13-00255.1, 96, 1333-1349.
CESM2 (Large Ensemble)
Model:
CESM2 (Large Ensemble)
Source:
National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR)
Horizontal Resolution:
~1.0oX1.0o (288x192)
Additional Notes:
The CESM2 Large Ensemble (LENS2) consists of 100 members at 1-degree spatial resolution covering the period 1850-2100 under CMIP6 historical and SSP370 future radiative forcing scenarios. We follow the ensemble numbering scheme noted on the CESM2-LE webpage (see above)
- Members 1-10: These begin from years 1001, 1021, 1041, 1061, 1081, 1101, 1121, 1141, 1161, and 1181 of the 1400-year pre-industrial control simulation. This segment of the control simulation was chosen to minimize drift.
- Members 11-90: These begin from 4 pre-selected years of the pre-industrial control simulation based on the phase of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC). For each of the 4 initial states, there are 20 ensemble members created by randomly perturbing the atmospheric potential temperature field by order 10^-14K. The chosen start dates (model years 1231, 1251, 1281, and 1301) sample AMOC and sea surface height (SSH) in the Labrador Sea at their maximum, minimum, and transition states.
- Members 91-100: These begin from years 1011, 1031, 1051, 1071, 1091, 1111, 1131, 1151, 1171, and 1191 of the 1400-year pre-industrial control simulation. This group includes an extensive / comprehensive set of output fields -- referred to as the mother of all runs, "MOAR" outputs, which can be used to drive regional climate models, in addition to COSP output.
CESM2-CAM6
Model:
CESM2-CAM6
Source:
National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR)
Horizontal Resolution:
~1.0oX1.0o (288x192)
Additional Notes:
For the Tropical AMIP Ensemble: SST's from 28S:28N are set to time-varying SST's from ERSSTv5. A transition/linear interpolation zone exists from 28:35 degree latitudes. From 35 degrees polewards full-period climatological SSTs (ERSSTv5)/sea-ice (HadISST1) are set.
For the Global AMIP Ensemble: Global SST's (ERSSTv5) and sea-ice (HadISST1) are specified.
All simulations from both ensembles were initialized from the 11th CESM2 historical member on January 1st, 1880, with each ensemble member receiving a small change in the initial air temperature via namelist setting PERTLIM. All CMIP6 time-varying external, natural and anthropogenic forcings were specified in these ensembles.
ECHAM5
Model:
ECHAM5.4
Source:
Max Planck Institute for Meteorology (MPI)
Horizontal Resolution:
0.75ox0.75o (480x240)
Vertical Resolution:
31 layers
References:
Roeckner, E., G. Bäuml, L. Bonaventura, R. Brokopf, M. Esch, M. Giorgetta, S. Hagemann, I. Kirchner, L. Kornblueh, E. Manzini, A. Rhodin, U. Schlese, U. Schulzweida, and A. Tompkins, 2003: The atmospheric general circulation model ECHAM5. Part I: Model description. Max Planck Institute for Meteorology Rep. 349, 127 pp.
ESRL-CAM5HR
Model:
ESRL-CAM5HR
Source:
National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR)
Horizontal Resolution:
~0.5oX0.5o (576x384)
Vertical Resolution:
26 layers
References:
Kay, J. E., Deser, C., Phillips, A., Mai, A., Hannay, C., Strand, G., Arblaster, J., Bates, S., Danabasoglu, G., Edwards, J., Holland, M. Kushner, P., Lamarque, J.-F., Lawrence, D., Lindsay, K., Middleton, A., Munoz, E., Neale, R., Oleson, K., Polvani, L., and M. Vertenstein (2015), The Community Earth System Model (CESM) Large Ensemble Project: A Community Resource for Studying Climate Change in the Presence of Internal Climate Variability, Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, doi: 10.1175/BAMS-D-13-00255.1, 96, 1333-1349.
ESRL-GFSv2
Model:
GFSv2 run at ESRL
Source:
NOAA/NWS Environmental Modeling Center (EMC)
Horizontal Resolution:
1.0ox1.0o (360x181)
Vertical Resolution:
64 layers
References:
Suranjana Saha, Shrinivas Moorthi, Xingren Wu, Jiande Wang, Sudhir Nadiga, Patrick Tripp, David Behringer, Yu-Tai Hou, Hui-ya Chuang, Mark Iredell, Michael Ek, Jesse Meng, Rongqian Yang, Malaquías Peña Mendez, Huug van den Dool, Qin Zhang, Wanqiu Wang, Mingyue Chen, and Emily Becker, 2014: The NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2. J. Climate, 27, 2185–2208. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00823.1
GEOS-5
Model:
GEOS-5
Source:
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC)
Horizontal Resolution:
1.25ox1o (288x181)
Vertical Resolution:
72 layers
References:
Molod, A., L. Takacs, M. Suarez, J. Bacmeister, I. Somg, and A.
Eichmann, 2012: The GEOS-5 Atmospheric General Circulation Model: Mean Climate and Development from MERRA to Fortuna. Tech. rep., NASA Technical Report Series on Global Modeling and Data Assimilation, NASA TM2012-104606, Vol. 28, 117 pp.
Siegfried D. Schubert, Hailan Wang, Randal D. Koster, Max J. Suarez, and Pavel Ya. Groisman, 2014: Northern Eurasian Heat Waves and Droughts. J. Climate, 27, 3169–3207.
GFDL-CM3
Model:
GFDL-CM3
Source:
Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL)
Horizontal Resolution:
2.5ox2.0o (144x90)
Vertical Resolution:
48 layers
References:
Griffies, S. M., and Coauthors, 2011: GFDL’s CM3 coupled climate model: Characteristics of the ocean and sea ice simulations. J. Climate, 24, 3520–3544, doi: 10.1175/2011JCLI3964.1
Donner, L. J., and Coauthors, 2011: The dynamical core, physical parameterizations, and basic simulation characteristics of the atmospheric component of the GFDL global coupled model CM3. J. Climate, 24, 3484–3519, doi: 10.1175/2011JCLI3955.1
Golaz, J.-C., M. Salzmann, L. J. Donner, L. W. Horowitz, Y. Ming, and M. Zhao, 2011: Sensitivity of the aerosol indirect effect to subgrid variability in the cloud parameterization of the GFDL atmosphere general circulation model AM3. J. Climate, 24, 3145–3160, doi: 10.1175/2010JCLI3945.1
Sun, Lantao, Michael Alexander, and Clara Deser, 2018: Evolution of the global coupled climate response to Arctic sea ice loss during 1990-2090 and its contribution to climate change, J. Climate, 31, 7823-7843, doi: 10.1175/JCLI-D-18-0134.1
GFDL-SPEAR
Model:
GFDL-SPEAR (Seamless System for Prediction and EArth System Research)
Source:
Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL)
Horizontal Resolution:
.5ox.5o (576x360)
Vertical Resolution:
33 layers
References:
Delworth,T.L., et al (2020). SPEAR: The Next Generation GFDL Modeling System for Seasonal to Multidecadal Prediction and Projection, Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, 12(3), e2019MS001895, doi: 10.1029/2019MS001895
Lu, F., et al. (2020). GFDL’s SPEAR seasonal prediction system: initialization and ocean tendency adjustment (OTA) for coupled model predictions. Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, doi: 10.1029/2020MS002149
PSL CAM5 (.5 degree)
Model:
PSL-CAM5-.5degree
Source:
National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR)
Horizontal Resolution:
~0.25oX0.25o (1152x768)
Vertical Resolution:
17 layers
References:
Kay, J. E., Deser, C., Phillips, A., Mai, A., Hannay, C., Strand, G., Arblaster, J., Bates, S., Danabasoglu, G., Edwards, J., Holland, M. Kushner, P., Lamarque, J.-F., Lawrence, D., Lindsay, K., Middleton, A., Munoz, E., Neale, R., Oleson, K., Polvani, L., and M. Vertenstein (2015), The Community Earth System Model (CESM) Large Ensemble Project: A Community Resource for Studying Climate Change in the Presence of Internal Climate Variability, Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, doi: 10.1175/BAMS-D-13-00255.1, 96, 1333-1349.
PSL CAM5 (1 degree)
Model:
CAM-5.1
Source:
National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR)
Horizontal Resolution:
~1.0oX1.0o (288x192)
Vertical Resolution:
30 layers
References:
Neale, R. B., et al., (2012), Description of the NCAR Community Atmosphere Model (CAM 5.0), NCAR Tech. Note NCAR/TN-486+STR, 289 pp., Natl. Cent. for Atmos. Res, Boulder, Colo.
CITATION REQUEST: When using model or observational data obtained
through FACTS in a publication, please provide a citation
in the paper to the original underlying data source. This includes both
downloading data and creating analysis figures through FACTS.
A list of original sources for citation is here.