1856 2009 1856 19.154 18.643 18.693 19.034 19.954 21.193 22.434 23.137 23.096 22.157 21.074 20.067 1857 19.152 18.434 18.397 18.902 19.728 21.079 22.338 22.930 22.844 21.902 20.773 19.558 1858 18.720 18.182 18.404 19.109 19.853 20.943 22.048 22.864 22.898 22.187 21.220 19.966 1859 18.811 18.378 18.537 19.050 19.854 20.883 22.032 23.001 22.910 22.169 21.006 19.928 1860 19.061 18.388 18.540 18.833 19.938 21.289 22.443 22.980 22.828 22.153 20.942 19.990 1861 18.949 18.393 18.476 19.152 19.966 21.280 22.630 23.244 23.094 22.259 21.168 19.966 1862 18.924 18.343 18.412 18.782 19.592 20.947 21.926 22.677 22.581 21.783 20.602 19.495 1863 18.806 18.464 18.514 18.960 19.799 20.951 21.927 22.647 22.682 21.817 20.778 19.739 1864 18.750 18.155 18.308 18.876 19.851 21.112 22.485 23.297 23.037 22.178 21.146 20.046 1865 19.145 18.761 18.653 18.973 19.807 21.195 22.344 22.991 23.126 22.304 21.174 20.073 1866 19.006 18.689 18.702 19.044 19.953 21.347 22.505 23.209 22.990 22.194 21.226 20.134 1867 19.269 18.797 18.878 19.211 19.939 21.087 22.334 23.023 22.847 22.028 21.075 19.808 1868 19.022 18.647 18.696 19.178 19.971 21.327 22.634 23.159 22.994 21.946 20.909 19.986 1869 18.850 18.611 18.575 19.165 20.069 21.219 22.512 23.093 22.944 22.055 20.923 19.779 1870 18.808 18.531 18.458 18.754 19.760 20.995 22.194 23.060 23.003 22.221 21.143 19.977 1871 18.832 18.405 18.632 19.104 19.934 21.141 22.409 23.020 22.767 21.918 20.968 19.958 1872 18.901 18.473 18.420 18.854 19.971 21.229 22.524 23.349 23.274 22.116 20.941 19.822 1873 19.028 18.533 18.549 18.975 19.747 20.974 22.326 23.012 23.006 22.153 21.038 20.016 1874 19.027 18.418 18.391 18.843 19.814 21.179 22.344 22.957 23.043 22.034 20.921 19.589 1875 18.812 18.600 18.549 18.953 19.965 21.189 22.251 23.064 23.004 22.148 20.924 19.805 1876 18.776 18.461 18.425 18.868 19.733 21.018 22.365 23.151 23.016 22.026 20.904 19.868 1877 18.991 18.698 18.760 19.088 20.064 21.351 22.555 23.345 23.136 22.318 21.291 20.209 1878 19.231 18.879 18.868 19.590 20.337 21.657 22.678 23.571 23.424 22.406 21.366 20.363 1879 19.315 18.926 18.546 18.986 20.061 21.209 22.345 23.002 22.856 22.151 21.064 20.013 1880 19.071 18.554 18.618 18.914 19.678 21.024 22.380 23.090 23.136 22.322 21.146 19.813 1881 19.167 18.677 18.722 19.176 19.936 21.159 22.275 23.038 22.863 22.027 20.697 19.806 1882 18.871 18.459 18.503 18.831 19.695 21.042 22.330 23.065 22.930 22.085 21.020 19.921 1883 18.958 18.396 18.386 18.990 19.862 21.017 22.230 23.019 22.802 21.991 21.003 20.043 1884 19.042 18.422 18.434 18.904 19.786 21.188 22.249 22.997 22.746 21.965 20.674 19.801 1885 18.948 18.616 18.515 18.722 19.674 20.926 22.260 23.124 22.939 22.147 21.032 19.954 1886 19.151 18.702 18.738 19.185 20.079 21.265 22.535 23.079 22.909 22.100 21.011 19.904 1887 18.925 18.493 18.535 18.916 19.892 21.285 22.631 23.224 23.069 22.363 21.215 20.115 1888 19.267 18.759 18.823 19.113 19.986 21.327 22.489 23.175 23.070 22.386 21.166 20.016 1889 19.274 18.836 18.890 19.293 20.161 21.291 22.368 23.113 23.014 22.224 21.203 19.977 1890 19.056 18.596 18.521 18.829 19.703 20.964 22.039 22.720 22.653 22.041 20.758 19.681 1891 18.753 18.499 18.638 19.097 20.032 21.234 22.541 23.125 22.925 22.154 20.796 19.952 1892 19.095 18.711 18.663 18.994 19.728 20.927 22.049 22.921 22.706 21.949 20.759 19.758 1893 18.933 18.536 18.527 18.838 19.723 21.202 22.482 23.192 22.973 22.074 21.063 19.782 1894 18.890 18.428 18.386 18.712 19.504 20.756 22.082 22.797 22.700 21.801 20.730 19.714 1895 18.925 18.513 18.313 18.708 19.658 20.975 22.237 22.941 23.002 22.212 20.938 19.895 1896 18.978 18.632 18.538 19.049 20.124 21.274 22.414 23.119 23.244 22.300 21.093 20.002 1897 19.125 18.733 18.883 19.250 20.031 21.185 22.410 23.058 22.978 22.218 21.035 19.934 1898 19.032 18.660 18.688 19.064 19.960 21.298 22.532 23.180 23.038 22.117 20.921 19.950 1899 18.984 18.553 18.575 19.092 20.074 21.278 22.429 23.314 23.066 22.240 21.254 20.252 1900 19.261 18.812 18.649 19.175 19.874 21.095 22.415 23.047 22.989 22.268 21.102 20.093 1901 19.105 18.798 18.750 19.165 19.962 21.316 22.509 23.233 22.946 22.047 20.981 19.894 1902 18.942 18.582 18.569 18.866 19.792 20.848 22.036 22.882 22.945 22.173 20.946 19.876 1903 19.020 18.670 18.537 18.949 19.741 20.926 22.166 22.610 22.491 21.792 20.825 19.671 1904 18.711 18.244 18.217 18.596 19.488 20.674 21.993 22.708 22.471 21.790 20.867 19.811 1905 18.840 18.437 18.239 18.848 19.825 20.933 22.278 22.917 22.595 21.910 20.799 19.722 1906 18.995 18.589 18.548 18.979 19.730 21.115 22.328 22.997 22.833 22.023 21.052 19.744 1907 18.883 18.275 18.348 18.864 19.743 20.856 22.056 22.748 22.777 21.946 20.845 19.780 1908 18.839 18.393 18.364 18.818 19.730 21.047 22.362 23.073 22.868 22.047 20.919 19.851 1909 18.968 18.485 18.505 18.881 19.889 20.985 22.174 22.984 22.845 22.019 20.785 19.742 1910 18.768 18.379 18.349 18.721 19.557 20.755 22.055 22.810 22.856 21.983 21.001 19.735 1911 18.825 18.379 18.303 18.715 19.557 20.880 22.177 23.006 22.846 22.061 20.850 19.808 1912 18.844 18.376 18.395 18.868 19.788 20.971 22.091 22.680 22.722 21.927 20.861 19.747 1913 18.775 18.425 18.391 18.598 19.457 20.557 21.912 22.642 22.541 21.798 20.630 19.659 1914 18.862 18.321 18.213 18.657 19.645 20.749 21.922 22.709 22.783 22.069 20.904 19.760 1915 18.958 18.526 18.618 19.096 20.172 21.422 22.673 23.294 23.171 22.214 21.084 20.001 1916 19.051 18.546 18.531 18.928 19.932 21.158 22.283 23.068 22.972 22.113 20.853 19.784 1917 18.798 18.298 18.224 18.744 19.662 20.982 22.152 22.895 22.698 21.849 20.777 19.737 1918 18.995 18.476 18.512 18.874 19.680 20.718 21.998 22.700 22.618 21.936 20.800 19.774 1919 18.872 18.595 18.440 19.000 19.757 20.917 22.084 22.902 22.793 22.054 20.875 19.711 1920 18.640 18.253 18.184 18.723 19.672 20.861 22.094 22.793 22.713 21.932 20.678 19.701 1921 18.814 18.385 18.320 18.797 19.677 20.898 22.265 22.853 22.766 22.148 20.846 19.887 1922 18.902 18.421 18.301 18.654 19.613 20.817 21.999 22.793 22.626 21.919 20.760 19.686 1923 18.747 18.205 18.239 18.637 19.652 20.836 22.056 22.679 22.628 21.943 20.898 19.952 1924 18.982 18.469 18.542 19.012 19.981 21.056 22.255 22.969 22.795 21.974 20.800 19.727 1925 18.789 18.359 18.411 18.892 19.861 20.966 22.239 22.978 22.882 22.126 20.946 20.064 1926 19.152 18.780 18.698 19.183 20.066 21.226 22.527 23.164 23.046 22.392 21.147 20.109 1927 19.200 18.751 18.694 19.145 20.135 21.315 22.544 23.271 23.111 22.391 21.261 19.999 1928 19.077 18.583 18.563 18.980 19.962 21.230 22.476 23.219 23.097 22.261 21.074 19.935 1929 19.037 18.580 18.569 19.066 19.838 20.973 22.214 22.965 22.948 22.169 21.015 19.843 1930 19.005 18.508 18.568 18.875 19.840 21.088 22.456 23.192 23.302 22.428 21.286 20.174 1931 19.246 18.753 18.813 19.239 20.180 21.441 22.594 23.277 23.282 22.548 21.194 20.206 1932 19.310 18.919 18.915 19.303 20.111 21.419 22.673 23.515 23.357 22.470 21.275 20.132 1933 19.225 18.848 18.761 19.305 20.251 21.421 22.684 23.412 23.266 22.565 21.220 20.042 1934 19.029 18.505 18.462 19.002 19.851 21.214 22.579 23.214 23.169 22.407 21.161 20.038 1935 19.185 18.562 18.527 19.153 20.107 21.292 22.473 23.142 22.992 22.222 21.166 20.145 1936 19.282 18.846 18.872 19.298 20.135 21.378 22.607 23.353 23.204 22.346 21.168 20.095 1937 19.202 18.788 18.780 19.174 20.101 21.638 23.027 23.733 23.541 22.543 21.408 20.403 1938 19.361 18.857 18.883 19.344 20.177 21.359 22.623 23.443 23.345 22.602 21.473 20.271 1939 19.287 18.786 18.655 19.204 20.081 21.371 22.747 23.470 23.339 22.260 21.004 19.976 1940 19.218 18.518 18.545 19.080 19.981 21.211 22.521 23.256 23.067 22.205 21.028 19.921 1941 19.097 18.809 18.824 19.180 20.019 21.181 22.516 23.432 23.350 22.673 21.555 20.388 1942 19.297 18.915 18.888 19.323 20.194 21.462 22.530 23.302 23.272 22.462 21.362 20.157 1943 19.293 18.816 18.596 18.986 19.864 21.129 22.450 23.175 23.128 22.343 21.312 20.296 1944 19.468 19.040 19.124 19.439 20.283 21.556 22.798 23.607 23.473 22.632 21.444 20.345 1945 19.431 19.075 19.070 19.539 20.304 21.386 22.523 23.273 23.143 22.372 21.360 20.212 1946 19.452 18.921 18.840 19.193 20.087 21.114 22.238 23.004 23.044 22.257 21.113 20.043 1947 19.004 18.606 18.621 19.038 19.846 21.066 22.290 23.073 23.014 22.186 21.228 20.114 1948 19.166 18.709 18.743 19.067 20.000 21.276 22.410 23.153 23.014 22.286 21.318 20.146 1949 19.337 18.899 18.756 19.239 19.983 21.225 22.524 23.281 23.140 22.385 21.295 20.204 1950 19.297 18.708 18.615 19.013 19.951 21.184 22.399 23.201 23.082 22.193 21.270 20.178 1951 19.292 18.742 18.735 19.315 20.185 21.519 22.879 23.487 23.325 22.546 21.368 20.267 1952 19.364 18.930 18.956 19.339 20.196 21.615 22.832 23.590 23.441 22.644 21.446 20.435 1953 19.460 18.935 18.870 19.465 20.360 21.510 22.806 23.447 23.361 22.440 21.443 20.355 1954 19.424 18.847 18.831 19.140 20.090 21.337 22.420 23.177 23.073 22.263 21.174 20.049 1955 19.276 18.795 18.775 19.252 20.199 21.434 22.736 23.370 23.290 22.577 21.590 20.359 1956 19.389 18.853 18.750 19.223 19.968 20.979 22.381 23.099 23.000 22.258 21.120 20.125 1957 19.125 18.654 18.720 19.088 19.907 21.234 22.514 23.402 23.313 22.453 21.293 20.188 1958 19.257 18.952 19.087 19.512 20.233 21.470 22.640 23.364 23.307 22.457 21.396 20.330 1959 19.311 18.880 18.717 19.164 20.040 21.192 22.447 23.217 23.222 22.421 21.265 20.223 1960 19.390 18.985 18.835 19.267 20.339 21.573 22.752 23.543 23.310 22.607 21.467 20.253 1961 19.277 18.853 18.898 19.400 20.232 21.289 22.465 23.246 23.105 22.342 21.287 20.332 1962 19.368 18.926 18.918 19.263 20.065 21.188 22.479 23.151 23.110 22.382 21.269 20.312 1963 19.379 18.942 18.889 19.282 19.960 21.215 22.454 23.142 22.906 22.248 21.168 20.064 1964 19.148 18.800 18.798 19.034 20.087 21.269 22.348 22.985 22.891 22.050 21.061 20.005 1965 19.027 18.604 18.682 19.086 19.951 21.140 22.307 23.011 22.891 22.077 20.954 20.006 1966 19.153 18.794 18.753 19.229 20.054 21.226 22.442 23.180 23.115 22.340 21.236 20.212 1967 19.314 18.875 18.732 19.173 19.868 21.012 22.270 23.062 23.022 22.230 21.001 19.981 1968 18.987 18.591 18.560 19.035 19.934 21.013 22.274 23.015 22.972 22.219 21.131 20.010 1969 19.174 18.897 18.978 19.344 20.071 21.307 22.599 23.131 23.017 22.150 21.118 20.109 1970 19.230 18.747 18.793 19.217 20.017 21.099 22.308 23.094 22.989 22.141 21.004 19.933 1971 18.997 18.505 18.466 18.786 19.739 20.921 22.161 22.802 22.763 22.106 21.004 19.838 1972 18.928 18.420 18.341 18.876 19.600 20.799 22.139 22.857 22.831 22.058 20.973 19.798 1973 18.875 18.411 18.439 18.941 19.904 21.115 22.414 23.111 23.005 22.131 21.043 19.914 1974 18.977 18.523 18.384 18.685 19.575 20.845 22.005 22.778 22.633 21.842 20.830 19.794 1975 18.982 18.471 18.479 18.866 19.689 21.001 22.251 23.064 22.806 21.999 20.918 19.836 1976 18.873 18.371 18.298 18.788 19.592 20.815 22.220 23.067 22.951 22.063 20.846 19.729 1977 18.871 18.482 18.612 19.001 19.914 21.194 22.424 23.110 22.916 22.135 21.122 19.959 1978 19.158 18.672 18.639 19.025 19.883 20.972 22.256 23.032 22.961 22.154 21.148 19.984 1979 19.075 18.671 18.573 18.987 19.973 21.266 22.441 23.147 23.045 22.278 21.186 20.111 1980 19.269 18.747 18.666 19.227 20.223 21.420 22.589 23.288 23.149 22.307 21.077 19.924 1981 19.096 18.653 18.813 19.140 20.017 21.257 22.452 23.158 23.129 22.190 21.147 20.170 1982 19.197 18.754 18.732 19.057 19.905 21.137 22.321 22.969 22.864 22.018 20.869 19.801 1983 18.984 18.731 18.896 19.302 20.061 21.270 22.541 23.121 22.954 22.185 21.128 20.184 1984 19.182 18.755 18.695 19.088 19.939 20.999 22.283 23.050 22.965 22.052 20.871 19.873 1985 18.935 18.515 18.464 18.845 19.772 21.205 22.406 23.008 22.932 22.141 20.998 19.859 1986 18.951 18.572 18.536 18.931 19.884 21.078 22.316 23.018 22.965 22.072 20.897 19.820 1987 19.014 18.630 18.791 19.278 20.171 21.530 22.842 23.570 23.379 22.444 21.227 20.239 1988 19.255 18.738 18.820 19.307 20.256 21.506 22.686 23.289 23.094 22.225 21.142 20.025 1989 19.070 18.693 18.582 18.976 19.975 21.426 22.744 23.407 23.096 22.273 21.152 20.046 1990 19.002 18.696 18.660 19.150 20.064 21.286 22.549 23.346 23.335 22.517 21.257 20.172 1991 19.113 18.743 18.771 19.133 19.965 21.207 22.460 23.191 23.151 22.143 21.047 19.985 1992 19.111 18.761 18.741 19.075 19.896 21.193 22.353 22.921 22.825 22.108 20.975 19.918 1993 19.061 18.671 18.590 19.089 19.959 21.169 22.294 23.073 23.033 22.168 20.997 19.917 1994 19.019 18.557 18.565 19.072 19.928 21.130 22.351 23.078 23.060 22.365 21.299 20.118 1995 19.248 18.832 18.869 19.348 20.401 21.722 22.898 23.494 23.258 22.513 21.437 20.251 1996 19.302 18.836 18.788 19.279 20.070 21.229 22.475 23.304 23.204 22.267 21.143 20.066 1997 19.231 18.839 18.857 19.280 20.174 21.370 22.652 23.331 23.312 22.564 21.367 20.350 1998 19.451 19.168 19.176 19.573 20.520 21.851 23.082 23.836 23.628 22.809 21.649 20.504 1999 19.376 18.936 18.929 19.338 20.315 21.558 22.800 23.636 23.408 22.454 21.292 20.247 2000 19.245 18.842 18.962 19.331 20.258 21.354 22.672 23.428 23.321 22.391 21.286 20.109 2001 19.210 18.863 18.888 19.283 20.141 21.570 22.742 23.513 23.518 22.696 21.497 20.446 2002 19.512 19.056 19.016 19.322 20.110 21.262 22.545 23.444 23.311 22.552 21.362 20.242 2003 19.389 18.876 18.978 19.369 20.313 21.589 22.896 23.760 23.682 22.866 21.568 20.466 2004 19.549 19.104 19.029 19.407 20.160 21.557 22.843 23.655 23.470 22.686 21.575 20.435 2005 19.457 19.022 19.160 19.594 20.456 21.712 23.068 23.783 23.654 22.682 21.484 20.461 2006 19.467 18.970 18.935 19.502 20.476 21.724 22.998 23.756 23.605 22.783 21.632 20.417 2007 19.517 19.117 19.009 19.466 20.282 21.482 22.755 23.406 23.340 22.611 21.532 20.361 2008 19.379 19.032 19.046 19.355 20.343 21.656 22.833 23.523 23.442 22.554 21.362 20.279 2009 19.298 18.748 18.725 19.184 20.114 21.522 22.857 23.506 23.303 22.627 -99.990 -99.990 -99.99 AMO mean from the Kaplan SST V2 (add NOAA ERSST climo for 1951-1980) 19.168625 18.723461 18.701982 19.124609 19.99079 21.208162 22.435516 23.161493 23.05341 22.264296 21.169943 20.068813 climo NOAA ERSST is interpolated to 5x5 Calculated at NOAA/ESRL/PSD1 http://www.cdc.noaa.gov/Timeseries/AMO/