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Posted by admin on Friday, September 30 @ 23:28:21 MDT (2189 reads)
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| Impacts of Climate-carbon Cycle Feedbacks on Emission Scenarios to Achieve Stabi | |
by Chris Jones
At present, approximately half of anthropogenic CO2
emissions are absorbed by the land and oceans [Jones and Cox, 2005], but climate changes may act to reduce this
uptake, leading to higher CO2 levels for a given emission scenario [Cox et al., 2000, Friedlingstein et al., 2005, in prep.]. Less attention has been
paid to the potential impact of carbon cycle feedbacks on the emissions
reductions required to achieve stabilisation (the so called “permissible
emissions”), although this is arguably more pertinent to the issue of avoiding
dangerous climate change in the context of the United Nations Framework
Convention on Climate change.
Link to Abstract
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Posted by admin on Friday, September 30 @ 15:30:00 MDT (857 reads)
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| Effect of Vertical DIC Distribution on Storage Efficiency of Direct Injection of | |
by Baixin Chen
We estimated the effects of initial
vertical distribution of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) on storage efficiency
of direct injection of CO2 into the ocean. Our simulations shown
that the storage efficiencies could be reduced up to 10% if a relative large
droplet (30 mm in diameter) was injected at depth of 1500m. The storage
efficiency of CO2 ocean sequestration is strongly related with not
only injection depth but also the initial CO2 droplet diameter. With
a given injection rate, the larger droplets injected will produce a dilute DIC
plume and thus improve the acute biological impacts but a smaller storage
effective due to droplet ascending.
Link to Abstract
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Posted by admin on Friday, September 30 @ 15:15:00 MDT (821 reads)
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| Role of Agricultural Management Mitigating Carbon and other Greenhouse Emissions | |
by Stephen Del Grosso
Analyses of
Northern Hemisphere carbon fluxes indicate that a number of ecosystem processes
jointly contribute to source and sink exchanges of CO2 which affect
the net carbon sequestered from the atmosphere. These processes (e.g., CO2,
N2O, CH4, and H2O dynamics) exhibit high
variability in time and space with the largest variability corresponding to
human land management events. Therefore, the spatial and temporal incorporation
of land management information is needed to properly represent net carbon and
other GHG fluxes.
Link to Abstract
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Posted by admin on Friday, September 30 @ 15:00:00 MDT (843 reads)
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| Mineral Carbon Sequestration - Still a Viable Option | |
by Sam Krevor
This
paper provides background and summarizes evidence supporting the possibility of
developing a low-cost mineral carbon dioxide sequestration technology.
Link to Abstract
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Posted by admin on Friday, September 30 @ 11:45:00 MDT (882 reads)
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| Metrics to Assess the Mitigation of Global Warming by Carbon Capture and Storage | |
by Peter Haugan
Different metrics to assess
mitigation of global warming by carbon capture and storage are discussed. The
climatic impact of capturing 30% of the anthropogenic carbon emission and its
storage in the ocean or in a geological reservoir are evaluated for different
stabilization scenarios using a reduced-form carbon cycle-climate model. The
accumulated Global Warming Avoided (GWA) remains, after a ramp-up during the
first ~50 years, in the range of 15 to 30% over the next millennium for deep
ocean injection and for geological storage with annual leakage rates of up to
about 0.001. For longer time scales, the GWA may approach zero or become negative
for storage in a reservoir with even small leakage rates, accounting for the CO2
associated with the energy penalty for carbon capture. For an annual leakage
rate of 0.01, surface air temperature becomes higher than in the absence of
storage after three centuries only.
Link to Abstract
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Posted by admin on Friday, September 30 @ 11:30:00 MDT (842 reads)
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| Information Needs for Adaptive Management of the Carbon Cycle: From Regional Car | |
by Dennis Ojima
During
the past two centuries, human activities have undertaken a vast earth system
modification of the carbon (C) cycle. Early during this period, humans have
converted native vegetation to croplands. Such land use changes have mobilized
massive amounts of C. During the past century, increased use of fossil energy
sources, primarily coal and oil, have resulted in the rapid expansion of
industry and technology throughout the world.
The resulting impact has been to greatly increase the atmospheric
concentration of C dioxide (CO2) to where in 2004 it is estimated to
375ppm, nearly 100 pm greater than the pre-industrial levels. Fossil fuel
emissions and land use change have moved the global C cycle out of balance.
Link to Abstract
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Posted by admin on Friday, September 30 @ 11:15:00 MDT (1211 reads)
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| Stabilizing Atmospheric CO2 Concentration: Can Geologic Storage Help? | |
by Lynn Orr
One option for reducing emissions of CO2 to the
atmosphere as a result of combustion of fossil fuels is to capture CO2
and inject it into porous subsurface geologic formations. High pressure CO2 has been used
for the last three decades as an agent for enhanced oil recovery, and hence
considerable experience in the technical issues associated with predicting the
movement of CO2 in the subsurface has been accumulated. Significant additional quantities of CO2
could be stored in depleted oil and gas reservoirs if CO2 were
available at low cost. These formations
are appealing as storage sites because the subsurface is known to have a trap
and seal that contains the buoyant oil or gas.
Link to Abstract
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Posted by admin on Friday, September 30 @ 09:45:00 MDT (874 reads)
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| The Potential of Upper Ocean Alkalinity Controls for Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide | |
by Christoph Heinze
Extreme
global model scenarios of complete preservation and degradation of biogenic
particulate CaCO3 (calcium carbonate) in open ocean waters which are
supersaturated with respect to CaCO3 were carried out. According to
these experiments, the theoretical potential of upper ocean alkalinity controls
for changing the atmospheric pCO2 (CO2 partial pressure)
amounts to several hundred μatm on time scales of several 104 years.
Up to a timescale of 103 years, however, the respective influence is
minor as compared to an expected anthropogenic increase of the atmospheric pCO2
in the order of 500-1000
μatm.
Link to Abstract
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Posted by admin on Friday, September 30 @ 09:30:00 MDT (848 reads)
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| Substrate Induced Growth Response of Soil and Rhizosphere Microbial Communities | |
by Sergei Biagodatsky
The
maximal specific growth rate of microorganisms from rhizospheres of Populus deltoides grown under normal CO2 concentration
in the atmosphere (400 ppm) was lower compared to the assessments made for
plots under elevated CO2 (800 and 1200 ppm). A similar conclusion
was made for microbial communities from soil under winter wheat and sugar beets
grown under 370 and 550 ppm CO2 in the atmosphere. Three to four
years fumigation of field plots with elevated CO2 has been shown to
result in the formation of rhizosphere microbial communities characterized by
faster specific growth rates as compared to microbial community under control
plants.
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Posted by admin on Friday, September 30 @ 09:15:00 MDT (820 reads)
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| Talk History | |
| Friday, September 30 | | · | Discussion Panel |
| · | Nitrogen Regulation of Carbon Sequestration in Terrestrial Ecosystems in Respons |
| · | The Role of Water Relations in Driving Grassland Ecosystem Responses to Rising A |
| · | Unraveling the Decline in High-latitude Surface Ocean Carbonate |
| Thursday, September 29 | | · | Hazards of Temperature on Food Availability in Changing Environments (HOT-FACE) |
| · | The Amazon and the Modern Carbon Cycle |
| · | New Coupled Climate-carbon Simulations from the IPSL Model |
| · | The Changing Carbon Cycle |
| · | What are the Most Important Factors for Climate-carbon Cycle Coupling? |
| · | CO2 Uptake of the Marine Biosphere |
| · | European-wide Reduction in Primary Productivity Caused by the Heat and Drought i |
| · | Persistence of Nitrogen Limitation over Terrestrial Carbon Uptake |
| · | Atmospheric CO2, Carbon Isotopes, the Sun, and Climate Change over the Last Mill |
| · | Proposing a Mechanistic Understanding of Atmospheric CO2 During the late Pleist |
| · | Greenhouse Gas (CO2, CH4) and Climate Evolution since 650 kyrs Deduced from Anta |
| Wednesday, September 28 | | · | (In and) Out of Africa: Estimating the Carbon Exchange of a Continent |
| · | Recent Shifts in Soil Dynamics on Growing Season Length, Productivity, and... |
| · | Interannual Variability in the Carbon Exchange Using an Ecosystem-fire Model |
| · | Photosynthesis and Respiration in Forests in Response to Environmental Changes |
| · | Seasonal and Interannual Variability in Net Ecosystem CO2 Exchange in Japan |
| · | Estimating Landscape-level Carbon Fluxes from Tower CO2 Mixing Ratio Measurement |
| · | Monitoring Effects in Climate and Fire Regime on Net Ecosystem Production |
| · | Radiative Forcing from a Boreal Forest Fire |
| · | The Influence of Soil and Water Management on Carbon Erosion and Burial |
| · | Spatial and Temporal Patterns of CO2, CH4, and N2O Fluxes in Ecosystems |
| · | Modeling the History of Terrestrial Carbon Sources and Sinks |
| · | The Age of Carbon Respired from Terrestrial Ecosystems |
| · | Discussion Panel |
| · | The Underpinnings of Land Use History |
| Tuesday, September 27 | | · | Regional CO2 Fluxes for North America Estimated from NOAA/CMDL Observatories |
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