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CarbonTracker
 
Content (CT2007)
Here we provide a detailed description and an example of what is available.

Carbon Weather - US (Example)

The column average CO2 mole fraction calculated in CarbonTracker for the time period indicated. Blue colors indicate regions where CO2 in the atmosphere is relatively low, whereas red colors indicate high CO2 abundances. Plumes of CO2 move with the weather systems across the continent and illustrate the dynamic nature of our atmosphere. Because NOAA ESRL measurements were used to optimize the surface exchange of CO2, the distribution shown is optimally consistent with our actual measurements of CO2. Units are parts per million of CO2. The column average mole fraction is weighted by the mass of air at each altitude between the surface and 10 hPa (the top of the model domain) and represents a sample at 10am Local Time for each 1x1 degree gridbox.

Carbon Weather - Global (Example)

The column average CO2 mole fraction calculated in CarbonTracker for the time period indicated. Blue colors indicate regions where CO2 in the atmosphere is relatively low, whereas red colors indicate high CO2 abundances. Plumes of CO2 move with the weather systems across the continent and illustrate the dynamic nature of our atmosphere. Because NOAA ESRL measurements were used to optimize the surface exchange of CO2, the distribution shown is optimally consistent with our actual measurements of CO2. Units are parts per million of CO2. The column average mole fraction is weighted by the mass of air at each altitude between the surface and 10 hPa (the top of the model domain) and represents a sample at 10am Local Time for each 1x1 degree gridbox.

Flux Maps - US (Example)
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Left Panel: The pattern of CO2 exchange calculated in CarbonTracker for the time period indicated. Negative fluxes (blue regions) indicate places where uptake of CO2 occurs. Positive fluxes (red colors) indicate places where emissions of CO2 occurs. The pattern of exchange follows swings in temperature and sunlight and changes with season. Units are micromol/m2/s. The figures include biological and fire fluxes, no fossil fuels.

Right Panel: The uncertainty on the estimated fluxes. All estimates started with 80% uncertainty on the land parameters, and 40% on the ocean parameters. Reduction of uncertainty occurs when observations inform us on the carbon cycle and limit the possible flux strength to less than we originally prescribed. Dark red areas show relatively large uncertainty, blue is relatively little. All uncertainties indicate a one-sigma standard deviation on the fluxes estimated assuming Gaussian errors. In the monthly and annual averages, we show the RMS uncertainty while temporal covariances are ignored. Units are micromol/m2/s. Uncertainties reported here are formal estimates from the inversion technique and do not include all sources of error. Flux uncertainties are among the most difficult quantities to compute, and care should be taken in their interpretation.

Results Summary: The table summarizes averages with uncertainty of the data displayed in the figure. The total flux is the sum of the components in the table. Note that fossil fuel emissions can occur over regions characterized as ocean. This is partly due to real emissions from international shipping, and partly due to emissions occurring in coastal land regions that are assigned to the ocean in our coarse 1x1 degree division scheme. The same is true for fossil fuel emissions over non-optimized regions such as ice, polar deserts, and inland seas.


Results Summary (all units PgC/yr)
Region NameEstimated MeanFossil EmissionsFire EmissionsTotal Flux
Total North America -8.34 ± 1.26 1.76 0.05 -6.53 ± 1.26
Boreal North America -3.43 ± 0.62 0.01 0.00 -3.41 ± 0.62
Temperate North America -4.91 ± 1.05 1.75 0.04 -3.12 ± 1.05
Flux Maps - Global (Example)

Left Panel: The pattern of CO2 exchange calculated in CarbonTracker for the time period indicated. Negative fluxes (blue regions) indicate places where uptake of CO2 occurs. Positive fluxes (red colors) indicate places where emissions of CO2 occurs. The pattern of exchange follows swings in temperature and sunlight and changes with season. Note that the two hemispheres often have opposite colors as the seasons are juxtaposed. Units are micromol/m2/s. The figures include biological and fire fluxes, no fossil fuels.

Right Panel: The uncertainty on the estimated fluxes. All estimates started with 80% uncertainty on the land parameters, and 40% on the ocean parameters. Reduction of uncertainty occurs when observations inform us on the carbon cycle and limit the possible flux strength to less than we originally prescribed. Dark red areas show relatively large uncertainty, blue is relatively little. All uncertainties indicate a one-sigma standard deviation on the fluxes estimated assuming Gaussian errors. Note that spatial covariances, which by design are very large in the tropics, are not displayed on this map giving the false impression of lowest uncertainty in these regions. In the monthly and annual averages, we show the RMS uncertainty while temporal covariances are ignored. Units are micromol/m2/s. Uncertainties reported here are formal estimates from the inversion technique and do not include all sources of error. Flux uncertainties are among the most difficult quantities to compute, and care should be taken in their interpretation.

Results Summary: The table summarizes averages with uncertainty of the data displayed in the figure. The total flux is the sum of the components in the table. Note that fossil fuel emissions can occur over regions characterized as ocean. This is partly due to real emissions from international shipping, and partly due to emissions occurring in coastal land regions that are assigned to the ocean in our coarse 1x1 degree division scheme. The same is true for fossil fuel emissions over non-optimized regions such as ice, polar deserts, and inland seas.


Results Summary (all units PgC/yr)
Region NameEstimated MeanFossil EmissionsFire EmissionsTotal Flux
Total Flux -22.98 ± 2.61 6.83 4.06 -12.09 ± 2.61
Land Flux -21.60 ± 2.52 6.31 4.03 -11.26 ± 2.52
Ocean Flux -1.22 ± 0.51 0.59 0.03 -0.60 ± 0.51
Flux Maps - Ocean (Example)

Left Panel: The pattern of CO2 exchange calculated in CarbonTracker for the time period indicated. Negative fluxes (blue regions) indicate places where uptake of CO2 occurs. Positive fluxes (red colors) indicate places where emissions of CO2 occurs. The pattern of exchange follows swings in temperature and sunlight and changes with season. Note that the two hemispheres often have opposite colors as the seasons are juxtaposed. Units are micromol/m2/s. The figures include biological and fire fluxes, no fossil fuels.

Right Panel: The uncertainty on the estimated fluxes. All estimates started with 80% uncertainty on the land parameters, and 40% on the ocean parameters. Reduction of uncertainty occurs when observations inform us on the carbon cycle and limit the possible flux strength to less than we originally prescribed. Dark red areas show relatively large uncertainty, blue is relatively little. All uncertainties indicate a one-sigma standard deviation on the fluxes estimated assuming Gaussian errors. In the monthly and annual averages, we show the RMS uncertainty while temporal covariances are ignored. Units are micromol/m2/s. Uncertainties reported here are formal estimates from the inversion technique and do not include all sources of error. Flux uncertainties are among the most difficult quantities to compute, and care should be taken in their interpretation.

Results Summary: The table summarizes averages with uncertainty of the data displayed in the figure. The total flux is the sum of the components in the table. Note that fossil fuel emissions can occur over regions characterized as ocean. This is partly due to real emissions from international shipping, and partly due to emissions occurring in coastal land regions that are assigned to the ocean in our coarse 1x1 degree division scheme. The same is true for fossil fuel emissions over non-optimized regions such as ice, polar deserts, and inland seas.


Results Summary (all units PgC/yr)
Region NameEstimated MeanFossil EmissionsFire EmissionsTotal Flux
Total Flux -22.98 ± 2.61 6.83 4.06 -12.09 ± 2.61
Land Flux -21.60 ± 2.52 6.31 4.03 -11.26 ± 2.52
Ocean Flux -1.22 ± 0.51 0.59 0.03 -0.60 ± 0.51
Flux Time Series (Example)
Results Summary (all units PgC/yr)
YearFirst GuessEstimateFire EmissionFossil EmissionTotal Flux
2000 -0.11 ± 0.93 -0.57 ± 0.65 0.03 1.70 1.17 ± 0.65
2001 -0.17 ± 0.90 -0.42 ± 0.69 0.02 1.76 1.36 ± 0.69
2002 0.04 ± 0.87 -0.35 ± 0.61 0.03 1.82 1.49 ± 0.61
2003 -0.22 ± 0.87 -0.54 ± 0.62 0.03 1.86 1.35 ± 0.62
2004 -0.19 ± 0.90 -0.68 ± 0.51 0.02 1.90 1.24 ± 0.51
2005 -0.14 ± 0.88 -0.61 ± 0.55 0.03 1.91 1.32 ± 0.55

Time series of the exchange calculated with CarbonTracker aggregated over larger areas of the globe. The title reflects areas defined in the TransCom project and can be found on this map. The blue line is the final result from CarbonTracker on a weekly time scale, the red line is 4-week moving average, the dark shaded band is the one-sigma uncertainty after the assimilation. All units are PgC/yr. The red line is a 4-week running average of the weekly CarbonTracker estimate introduced to remove the short-term variability in our a-priori guess. The shaded areas denote one-sigma (68% confidence) intervals calculated from the posterior covariance matrixes, disregarding its temporal structure. This figure includes biological and fire fluxes, no fossil fuels.

The table summarizes averages with uncertainty of the data displayed in the figure. The total flux is the sum of the components in the table. Note that fossil fuel emissions can occur over regions characterized as ocean. This is partly due to real emissions from international shipping, and partly due to emissions occurring in coastal land regions that are assigned to the ocean in our coarse 1x1 degree division scheme. The same is true for fossil fuel emissions over non-optimized regions such as ice, polar deserts, and inland seas.

Product Evaluation - Time Series Comparison (Example)

Time series of the CO2 mole fractions used in CarbonTracker. The title reflects the name and location of the site. The red symbols shows the actual observed values, the green symbols is the model calculated value after surface CO2 exchange has been estimated. The grey shaded bars denotes the tolerance we set on the observations and are determined mostly by our ability to model CO2 each site correctly in CarbonTracker. If the modeled CO2 exceeds the tolerance by more than a factor of 3, the observation is not used in our system and colored blue in this figure. Units are parts per million of CO2 [ppm]. Grey bars are the assigned model-data mismatch values found in this table. Note that time series can be discontinuous and do not necessarily span the full time domain.

Histogram of innovations for all observations at this site. &chi2 is the average of the squared innovation sums, N rejected is the number of rejected samples, and N total is the number of observations available. Innovations are calculated as (z-H(x))/√((HPHT+R)) with H the observation operator, P the prior covariance matrix, R the model-data-mismatch, x the prior fluxes, and z the observations. It indicates whether the model performance matches the assigned uncertainty in the system and shows if there are systematic problems matching this sites' CO2 record or if the mismatches are Gaussian.